Gulu lachiroma - ndi chiyani? Gulu lapadziko lonse (analytical center): mbiri ya chilengedwe, ntchito, mamembala a gululo

M'nthaŵi yamakono, mavuto ambiri a anthu akukhala padziko lonse lapansi. Kufunikira kwawo kwakukulu kungathe kufotokozedwa ndi zifukwa zingapo: kuonjezera zotsatira za anthu m'chilengedwe, kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha anthu, kumvetsetsa kuwonongeka kwa zofunikira zachilengedwe, zotsatira za zamakono zamakono ndi njira zamakono, etc. Gulu la Aroma linathandiza kwambiri kuthetsa nkhaniyi.

Kodi mavuto a padziko lonse ndi otani? Izi ndizo zotsutsana kwambiri za chikhalidwe ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhudza dziko lonse lapansi, choncho, m'mayiko ndi zigawo. Ayenera kukhala osiyana ndi mavuto aumwini, a m'madera ndi a m'madera.

Mavuto apadziko lonse a nthawi yathu

Ayenera kukhala otchulidwa bwino, chifukwa ndilo lingaliro lawo ndi Club ya Aroma. Kodi mavuto a padziko lonse ndi otani, tatsimikiza kale. Tiyeneranso kunena kuti apatulidwa m'magulu atatu. Fotokozani mwachidule aliyense wa iwo:

1. Choyamba chimapangidwa ndi zomwe zikugwirizana ndi maubwenzi pakati pa magulu a mayiko. Mavuto oterewa amatchedwa kugwirizana. Zitsanzo ndi izi: vuto loonetsetsa mtendere ndi kuteteza nkhondo, kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yabwino yachuma pa mayiko onse.
2. Gulu lachiwiri la mavuto limagwirizanitsa chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe. Zimagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti chilengedwe chili ndi mwayi wokhala ndi zotsatira zowonongeka. Zitsanzo za mavuto ngati awa: kupereka mafuta, mphamvu, mpweya woyera, madzi atsopano. Izi zimaphatikizapo chitetezo cha chilengedwe kuchokera kusintha kosasinthika, komanso chitukuko choyenera cha mlengalenga ndi nyanja ya padziko lapansi.
3. Potsiriza, gulu lachitatu la mavuto apadziko lonse limagwirizanitsa nkhani zokhudzana ndi dongosolo la anthu. Ndizokhudza momwe mungagwirizane ndi munthu payekha. Mavuto amenewa akukhudzana ndi momwe anthu angaperekere mwayi wopita patsogolo.

Aurelio Peccei, yemwe anayambitsa Club ya Rome, komanso pulezidenti wake woyamba, adakumbukira kuti amadziwa bwino kuti zoopsa zonsezi ziwopseza anthu, motero adatsimikiza kuti njira zoyenera ziyenera kutengedwa mwamsanga. Wokha, sakanakhoza kuchita chirichonse, kotero iye anaganiza kupanga bwalo la anthu amalingaliro ofanana. Aurelio Peccei ankafuna kupereka dziko lapansi njira zatsopano zophunzirira mavuto a dziko omwe ankamuvutitsa. Chotsatira chinali chilengedwe cha Club ya Aroma.

Ndi ndani A. Peccei

Zaka za moyo wa munthu uyu ndi 1908-1984. Iye anali mbadwa ya banja la chikhalidwe cha chi Italy. Peccei mu 1930 anatsutsa zomwe adokotala analemba potsata ndondomeko yatsopano ya zachuma, yomwe inachitikira ku USSR. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, adagwira nawo mbali pa gulu la otsutsa. Peccei anachezera panthawiyo mu ndende za fascist. Tiyenera kunena kuti banja la Aurelio silinali losauka. Komabe, munthuyu kuyambira ali wachinyamata akuda nkhawa za kuthetseratu kusalungama pakati pa anthu. Peccei adayendetsa dziko lonse. Iye adawona zapamwamba ndi chuma cha ena ndi chisokonezo ndi zowawa za ena.

Alexander King

Pulofesa uyu wa ku Britain wa zakuthupi amakhalanso pachiyambi cha Club ya Roma. Chakumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo, adakhala mkulu wa Science of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Peccei atamwalira, anali Alexander King (akuyimiridwa) amene adatsogolera ku Club ya Roma mpaka 1991.

Kulengedwa kwa Gulu la Aroma

Chiwerengero cha gululi sichiposa anthu zana. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1967. Tangi yoganizayi inalengedwa ngati bungwe la mayiko omwe si a boma omwe amalumikizana asayansi, amalonda ndi apolisi ochokera konsekonse. Kuwonjezera pa mamembala onse, Club ya Rome yakhala ikugwirizana ndi kulemekeza. The Analytical Center inadzitcha dzina lake pambuyo pa mzinda wa Rome, kumene msonkhano wa oyambitsa ake (ku Academy dei Lincei) unachitika.

Zolinga ndi zolinga za gululo

Ntchito yaikulu ya bungwe kuyambira pakuyambika ndikuzindikira mavuto ofunikira omwe anthu akukumana nawo, komanso njira zothetsera vutoli. Zolinga za Club ya Roma, motengera izi, ndi izi:

• Kukula kwa njira zowonetsera zomwe zimatchedwa mavuto aumunthu (choyamba, zopereŵera zochepa ndi kukula kosalephereka kachitidwe ndi kugwiritsira ntchito);
• Zofalitsa za kuopsa kwa mavuto omwe dziko lamakono lapita;
• Tanthauzo la zochitika zomwe zingatheke kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wa padziko lonse.

Aurelio Peccei anapanga lingaliro "lopasula", malinga ndi momwe vutoli lirili chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa luso la anthu ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe chawo.

Zokonda za Club

Bungwe ili lakhala likukhala laling'ono, lomwe liyenera kuyambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabwenzi osatha pakati pa mamembala ake. Zoona, ndipo ndi ndalamayi sizingakhale zosavuta nthawi zonse kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Gulu lachiroma siliyenera kukhala bungwe mu lingaliro lovomerezeka lovomerezeka la mawu, monga pali mayanjano okwanirawo padziko lapansi. Zilipo payekha bajeti, ngakhale kuti ndizochepa, kuti zisadalire pa magwero ena a ndalama. Gululi ndi losiyana ndi chikhalidwe, ndiko kuti, mamembala ake amatembenukira ku machitidwe osiyana, malingaliro ndi maphunziro a sayansi, popanda kudziphatika kwa aliyense wa iwo. Chiyanjano chimaonedwa kuti n'chosavomerezeka, chomwe chimayambitsa kusinthanitsa kwa mawonedwe. Kukonzekera kwina - Club ya Roma ili okonzeka kutheka ngati palibe chosowa, chifukwa palibe choipa kuposa mabungwe kapena malingaliro omwe apulumuka phindu lawo.

Zochita za Club ya Roma

Ntchito yake inachititsa kuti mayiko oposa 30 azikhala m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, motsogolere kufalitsa kwa maganizo a gululi m'mayiko awo. Ntchito zofufuzira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndizo zimakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za mavuto omwe alipo panopa. Analipira ndalama ndi makampani akuluakulu ndipo adachitidwa ndi asayansi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana omwe anapereka zotsatira zawo mu maonekedwe a lipoti ku kampu. Tiyenera kuzindikiranso kuti bajeti yoyenera komanso boma silinayanjane. Ntchito zake zikugwirizanitsidwa ndi komiti ya akuluakulu 12.

Mlembi wadziko lonse wa bungwe kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2008 adachotsedwa ku mzinda wa Germany ku Hamburg kupita ku Winterthur (Switzerland). Pakalipano, gululi likupitiriza kuphunzira momwe dzikoli lirili. Ndipo mmenemo kuyambira maziko a bungwe pakhala kusintha kwakukulu, makamaka mu geopolitics.

Mamembala a gululi

Gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito likufuna kufotokoza gawo la umunthu wopita patsogolo. Mmodzi mwa mamembala ake anali olamulira otchuka, oganiza, asayansi, oyang'anira ndi aphunzitsi ochokera m'mayiko oposa 30 padziko lonse lapansi. Moyo wawo ndi maphunziro awo anali osiyana, monga momwe zinaliri pakati pa anthu. Kuwonjezera apo, anthu awa ali ndi malingaliro ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyana. Gulu la Club of Rome linasonkhanitsa akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo Aklila Lemma wochokera ku Ethiopia ndi Karl-Heran Haden wochokera ku Sweden; Katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi filosofi-Marxist Adam Schaff wochokera ku Poland; Alangizi a ku Canada ndi America M. Lamontan ndi K. Pella; Wasayansi ndi sayansi ya ndale ku Brazil Helio Jagaribe; Wolemba zamagulu ochokera ku Japan Kenzo Tange, etc. Onsewa ndi mamembala ena ambiri adagwirizanitsidwa ndikudera nkhawa zolinga za mtundu wa anthu komanso maganizo aumunthu. Iwo anali ndi maganizo osiyana, koma akhoza kuwamasulira momasuka mwa mawonekedwe omwe ankawoneka olandiridwa kwambiri. Dziwani kuti mamembala a boma, monga olamulira, sangakhale mamembala a bungwe labwino pa nthawi yomweyo.

Roman Club mu Russia

Mu USSR mu 1989, Association of Assistance to the Club of Rome inawonekera. Mamembala ake ogwira ntchito nthawi zosiyanasiyana anali aphunzitsi a Russian Academy of Sciences EK Fedorov, DM Gvishiani, VA Sadovnichiy, AA Logunov, EM Primakov, komanso wolemba Ch. T. Aitmatov.

Paton Boris Evgenievich ndi Mikhail Gorbachev ndi mamembala olemekezeka a gululo. Wachiwiri sichiyenera kuuzidwa, koma sikuti aliyense amadziwa choyamba. Paton Boris Evgenievich (wotchulidwa pamwambapa) ndi pulofesa, katswiri wa sayansi ya Chiyukireniya ndi Soviet omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ndi zitsulo zamagetsi. Anapatsidwa kawiri kachiwiri dzina la Hero of Laborist Labor. Kuwonjezera apo, asayansi uyu anakhala Hero Hero yoyamba mu mbiriyakale.

Wathunthu mpaka 2012 anali Pulofesa Sergei Petrovich Kapitsa. Mukuyenera kuti munamvapo za sayansi uyu. Sergei Petrovich Kapitsa (wotchulidwa pamwambapa) ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya ku Russia ndi Soviet, mphunzitsi, pulezidenti wamkulu wa Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, wolemba TV, komanso mkonzi wamkulu wa magazini yotchuka mu World of Science. Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1973, adatsogolera pulogalamu ya pa TV "Zozizwitsa-zodabwitsa." Wasayansi uyu ndi mwana wa Peter Leonidovich Kapitsa, amene analandira Nobel Prize.

Mavuto awiri padziko lonse omwe gululi linaganizira

Poyang'ana momwe bungwe lathu linalili chidwi ndi ife panali mavuto ambiri. Komabe, zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi funso lomwe chilengedwe ndi anthu ndi dongosolo limodzi. Ntchito yosayendetsedwa ya anthu imabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa izo. Izi ziyenera kunenedwa pazinthu ziwiri zomwe zimatchedwa nthano, zokhumba ndi zofunikira zomwe zinanenedwa mu malipoti ku kampu. Ndiko kutentha kwa dziko ndi mabowo a ozoni. Iwo anapanga maziko a mapulogalamu a Kyoto ndi Montreal - mabungwe akuluakulu apadziko lonse.

Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti dothi la ozoni ndi lamba lakumlengalenga lomwe lili pamtunda wa 10-50 pamwamba pa dziko lapansi ndipo limateteza ku dzuwa lomwe limapangitsa kuti liwononge moyo. Chakumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1957, zochitikazo zinayambira pambaliyi mu chaka cha International Geophysical Year, chomwe chinalengezedwa panthawiyo. Anapezeka kuti makulidwe ake amasiyana ndi nyengo. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, anthu anayamba kukambirana za "ozone" yomwe ili pamwamba pa Antarctica, pomwe nthawi zina malo ochepetsetsa amaposa mamita 15 miliyoni. Km. Atolankhani ndi asayansi anawulutsa phokosolo, akukhulupirira kuti miyeso ya dzuwa imayambitsa moyo padziko lapansi.

Ku Montreal mu 1987, mayiko 36 adasaina lamulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimawononga ozoni. Mu 1997, Kyoto Protocol inavomerezedwa . Mayiko omwe akuchita nawo mgwirizano umenewu adalonjeza kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa mpweya wa magetsi m'mphepete mwa 1990. Izi makamaka zimakhudza mpweya wa madzi ndi carbon dioxide. Iwo akuti akuwonjezera mphamvu yotentha, yomwe imabweretsa kutentha kwa dziko. Ngati miyezo yowonjezera yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi ndondomekoyi ikudutsa, zotsatirazi zikutsatiridwa ndi olemba zizindikirozo: kukhazikitsa zokopa zotsatsa, kubweza ngongole ndi kutsekedwa kwa makampani.

Pomaliza

Pakali pano, ndizosawerengeka kukumbukira bungwe monga Club ya Rome. Kuti mgwirizanowu unalipo sudziwika kwa onse oimira achinyamata. Bungwe ili likuwonetsedwanso ngati chiyanjano cha mbiriyakale. M'zaka makumi asanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, chiwerengero cha kutchuka kwa Club of Rome (Club ya Rome). Izi zinali makamaka chifukwa cha malipoti oyambirira a "bungwe lopanda phindu la anthu", omwe mamembala ake anali asayansi, mamenenjala akuluakulu, ndale komanso ndalama. Motsogoleredwa ndi ntchito za Club ya Roma, maiko a padziko lonse adatenga mtundu wa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Malingaliro ake mu 1990-2000 anakhala mbali yaikulu ya chikhalidwe cha sayansi. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito zazikulu, Club ya Roma inalimbikitsa kupanga magulu ang'onoang'ono a m'madera osiyanasiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Anathandizira kufalitsa malingaliro ofunikira ambiri, chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka dziko labwino linalandira njira ndi mphamvu.

Kotero, ife tinayankha funsolo: "Club ya Roma - ndi chiyani?". Kukhalapo kwa mabungwe amenewa, mukuvomereza, ndikofunikira kwambiri masiku ano.