Gulu magazi: magazi chiwembu, RH

zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu magazi ndi chiwerengero cha chosiyana zomwe zingathe kusokoneza pamene kaphatikizidwe magulu awiri osiyana. внутри организма. chodabwitsa amenewa chafotokozedwa ndi kukhalapo padziko ndi madzi a m'magazi a gulu lirilonse la ma munthu agglutinogens ndi agglutinins, okhoza kusiyanitsa yachilendo erythrocytes yake, kukuletsa ukugwirira ntchito mwa thupi. maselo chitetezo ku agglutinogens anthu akunja zazindikirika ndi choopsa. Ndipo zolinga zoteteza thupi amamuchititsa kuwononga ndi kuwachotsa mothandizidwa ndi agglutinins ali plasma maselo awo ofiira a magazi.

Ngakhale pamaso pa chiyambi cha m'ma XX, izo ankakhulupirira kuti mukhoza kuphatikiza magazi kuti chinali chomveka cholakwika. Ndipo nthawizina zonse zikuthera ngakhale imfa chifukwa magazi si anazindikira mwa thupi. Akutukuka guluu wolimba ndi kuwonongedwa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Koma ayamikike Karl Landsteiner, amene ankatha kudziwa ndi kutsimikizira kukhalako kwa maselo ofiira magazi agglutinogens ndi agglutinins tsopano kusiyanitsa pakati pa mwazi ndi magazi chiwembu anakhala otetezeka.

gulu magazi

Kachitidwe mwakuchita Landsteiner, amatchedwa ABO. Ndi magazi izo zimagawidwa m'magulu anayi malingana agglutinogens ndi, amaimira A ndi B ndipo agglutinins ndi, b mzere.

Agglutinogens (Antigen) - zinthu zovuta, yomwe ili pa Kakhungu ya maselo ofiira a magazi, ali wosasintha ndi tinatengera kwa makolo.

Agglutinin (oteteza) - immunoglobulins, erythrocyte plasma kwaiye mwachibadwa kuteteza thupi ku majini amene ali sangapezeke padziko erythrocyte. Iwo amatuluka mu chaka choyamba cha moyo, monga ntchito zoteteza wa chitetezo cha m'thupi kulowa mapuloteni ndi antigens yachilendo.

Malinga pa gome, aliyense ya antigens gulu magazi ndi kusiyana agglutinin yomwe kukhala antigens kusowa chitetezo. Mu plasma, maselo ofiira amapangidwa agglutinins otsutsana a mtundu wa antigens pa Kakhungu lapansi. Kusiyana kumeneku alipo, kotero kuti pamene ingested erythrocytes magazi kunja gulu, iye akhumudwa anawononga antigens popanda kuwononga maselo yake.

RH magazi Chinthu

Chiwembu magulu magazi chovomerezeka mayikidwe ndi zofunika kuganizira magazi RH china. RH chinthu - mbali zonse izi sizisintha pa moyo ndi magazi ndi gulu dongosolo Rhesus (RH). dongosolo RH zachokera chizindikiritso cha antigens asanu C, D, E, c, anthu d e padziko maselo a magazi, anatulukira mu 1940 ndi Karl Landsteiner ndi Alexander Weiner.

Ngati erythrocyte pamwamba Antigen wapezeka D (chopezeka 80% ya anthu) kapena kupezeka munthawi yomweyo C ndi E antigens, magazi ali abwino RH amatanthauza RH +. Mu nkhani ya gulu la antigens ndi wapezeka ndi RH Chinthu ndi zoipa Rh-.

Tanthauzo la RH imayambitsa kuika

Magazi mwina ali ndi makhalidwe a dongosolo Rhesus. Choncho, kulandira ndi RH alibe zopereka magazi kokha woyenera chithunzi negative. Mofananamo, zabwino, koma nthawi yovuta analola kulowetsedwa magazi ndi RH alibe ndalama zochepa, osapitilira 200 ml. Mu kuika ngati zosagwirizana zimachokeradi, koma infusing magazi ndi maselo RH alibe ofiira ndi phindu zabwino anati zoteteza ayankhe zimakumana ndi Antigen D. Pamene kupeza erythrocytes yachilendo chitetezo amayamba kutulutsa agglutinins (d, c, e), zomwe kuwonongeka anatsanulira maselo ofiira, imbaenda mavuto aakulu kwa munthuyo chamoyo. Dongosolo ABO ndi Rhesus kusiyanitsa mitundu yonse magazi eyiti.

ngakhale magazi

Magazi - magazi ndondomeko, ponena kuti abwezeretse bwino ndi magazi magazi aziyenda. magazi Wodwala ayenera yogwirizana onse zipangizo kachitidwe ndi mwazi wa wolandira. Kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhulupirira kuti pali mwiniwake wa chilengedwe chonse ndiponso wolandira konsekonse. Pa nthawi, mfundo ziwirizi pafupifupi anachira kuyambira dongosolo mankhwala. Komabe, anthu amavutika popanda nthawi ndi zofanana mwiniwake mtundu magazi ndi RH chinthu zina ntchito mpaka pano ku kuikidwa wochepa, osati oposa 500 ml.

Ndi magazi chilengedwe mwiniwake monga gulu loyamba ndi rhesus mtengo zoipa 0 (I) Rh-, kuyambira dongosolo lake lili musalankhule antigens. Oyenera kupindula Universal ankaona zabwino chachinayi gulu AB (IV) RH +, chifukwa kukhalapo pa erythrocyte Kakhungu antigens A ndi B. Koma, koma, chizolowezi kugwira magazi ndi magulu zofanana.

Ine magazi gulu: Ngakhale dera

Mu gulu Ine Kuika ndi RH mtengo zoipa (0 (I) Rh-) kungakhale mwiniwake kwa magulu onse magazi ndi zabwino ndi zoipa rhesus Chinthu pa kuikidwa mwadzidzidzi ndipo ngati n'koyenera kuchita wambirimbiri mwiniwake Ine gulu ndi zofanana chizindikiro rhesus.

Pakuti loyamba mtundu wolandira magazi ndi RH chinthu magazi zabwino mwiniwake akhoza kukhala woyamba magulu zabwino kapena zoipa 0 (I) RH - / +. Woyamba gulu magazi ndi RH zoipa refractive kuika kubala kokha zofanana gulu 0 (I) Rh-.

Ngakhale a gulu lachiwiri

The chachiwiri zoipa gulu A (II) Rh- kungakhale mwiniwake kwachiwiri ndi wachinayi rhesus aliyense amalimbikitsa. The chachiwiri zabwino gulu A (II) RH + ntchito ngati woperekayo-okha chachiwiri ndi wachinayi AB (IV) RH + zabwino rhesus china.

Olandila ndi gulu lina zabwino A (II) RH + magazi mwiniwake alandire woyamba 0 (I) RH - / + A ndi gulu lachiwiri (II) RH - / + rhesus ndi amalimbikitsa aliyense. Ngati anasankha wolandira magazi a rhesus zoipa mtengo A (II) Rh- zokolola kuikidwa ndi magulu monga kwachiwiri zabwino mtengo yekha zoipa RH.

magawo ngakhale gulu

Monga gulu lachitatu magazi mwiniwake ndi zabwino Rhesus chinthu B (III) RH +
ntchito olandira magazi ndi gulu lachitatu ndi lachinayi la rhesus chizindikiro positive. A negative gulu lachitatu n'zogwirizana kwa ndalama ku gulu lachitatu ndi lachinayi la magazi, kuti phindu la uchembere mu wolandira.

Ogwirizira a magulu gulu lachitatu zabwino magazi magazi mwiniwake woyamba ndi wachitatu ndi Rhesus zoipa kapena zabwino. Wachitatu zoipa Yodziwika ngakhale ndi wachitatu ndi gulu wachinayi ndi RH-negative.

Ngakhale a gulu chachinayi

Kupereka magazi ndi gulu wachinayi ndi zabwino RH Chinthu ndi abwino okha olandira magazi ndi magulu zofanana ndi nyani ndi. The zoipa chachinayi n'zogwirizana kuti apatsidwenso komanso yekha gulu wachinayi ndi mthunzi ndi chenicheni RH.

Apa olandila ndi wachinayi zabwino gulu AB (IV) RH + imagwira ndipo amatenga mtengo zabwino konse rhesus mwamtheradi magazi gulu ndi RH mfundo iliyonse. Pamene RH alibe kuikidwa ntchito mwiniwake maselo ofiira a magulu onse okha ndi rhesus negative.

Kuopsa kuikidwa m'magulu atakwatirana

Chiopsezo chachikulu magazi ndi agglutination.

Agglutination - erythrocytes Mchitidwe, imbaenda ku chiwonongeko akufotokozera pokhudzana ndi thupi agglutinogens mwazi umene wolandira anayamba magazi agglutinin. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali agglutination pamene kaphatikizidwe magazi ndi antigens ofanana ndi agglutinins A ndi, ndipo b. Pa kuphatikiza zoterozo oteteza (kapena b) anayamba kwa Antigen chosowacho (A kapena B) kuwononga mwiniwake maselo ofiira, chifukwa mu Kuthetsa anayamba ndi hemolysis (kuwonongeka). Magazi ndi transporter chachikulu cha mpweya maselo onse m'thupi, kotero kugwa kenako maselo a magazi aumbike kuika mantha, zomwe zingadzetse mavuto aakulu ngakhale imfa. Ndi chifukwa cha chidwi chachikulu kuopsa kwa magazi ziwembu magazi gulu yogwirizana ndi mzake.

ABO ndi Rhesus dongosolo ndi waukulu mu gulu, koma osati yekha. Padziko erythrocyte Kakhungu ili ambiri antigens ena omwe panopa nawo kusankha magazi n'zogwirizana. Koma, koposa zipatala payekha Komanso kudziwa kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa osowa Kell Antigen, ngati zabwino mwiniwake maselo ofiira ndi sikugwirizana ndi wina aliyense.