Hagia Sophia lili Istanbul

Hagia Sophia, ambiri amanena kuti nsonga ya zomangamanga Byzantine, kwa zaka zambiri anapereka malangizo a chitukuko cha zomangamanga m'mayiko ambiri a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi ku Middle East. Mu Chikhristu, akhoza mwina ndi dzina la nyumba kwambiri chadzaoneni. Polemekeza Nzeru za Mulungu zambiri Orthodox anamanga ku Constantinople, koma kachisi wa Hagia Sophia - yaikulu komanso wotchuka kwambiri a iwo.

History limati mayina awiri a olemba ntchito luso: Isidore wa Mileto ndi Anfimov Trallsky. Icho chinabwera kuchokera ku Asia, amene ankagwira ntchito kwa anthu ogwira ntchito pafupifupi zikwi khumi.

Mu 324 Constantine Wamkulu anakhazikitsidwa mu ulemu ndi mzinda wa Constantinople, omwe anakhala likulu latsopano la ufumu wake. Ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri, iye analamula kuti amange mpingo wa Hagia Sophia ku Constantinople, amene anali chipilala woyamba wa zomangamanga Byzantine. Kumene, poyamba pa zonse, iye anayenera kukhala nacho ukulu wa mfumu Choncho, kuchokera golide kuno anabweretsa nsangalabwi, siliva, minyanga ya njovu, miyala yamtengo wapatali. Kuyambira ozungulira akachisi wakale izo anatengedwa kuchokera zonse zimene akanatha pa tchalitchi chatsopano.

Hagia Sophia inamangidwa ku lamulo latsopano wonse zipangizo zomangira: laimu, zopangidwa balere madzi ndi simenti ndi Kuwonjezera mafuta. Komabe, inali yodula ntchito miyala yamtengo wapatali - topazi, miyala ya safiro, zamtengo wapatali. Ngakhale apansi anali opangidwa ndi yaspi ndi porphyry. Olemba mbiri ya nthawi ankatchedwa kachisi "zodabwitsa choonetsedwa, kuuluka kumwamba, wodzala ndi dzuwa, ngati kuwala ndi panamveka kuchokera mkati."

Zazikulu kwambiri mu Mpingo wa Hagia Sophia imatengedwa mzikiti ake ndi awiri a mamita 32. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pomanga mzikiti lidalengedwa ndi arches triangular: izo imayendetsedwa ndi mizati inayi, pamene iye wapangidwa ndi forte-Chipilala mawindo. dzuŵa kulowa iwo, polenga kunachititsa kuti mzikiti ndi zikuuluka mu mlengalenga.

Kumayambiriro kwa 13 mpingo wa Akhristu St. Sophia anali akumenya mwamphamvu ndi Akhristu: gawo la chuma chake chidachotsedwa ku Ulaya. Palibe akadali sadayidziwa za tsogolo la guwa la nsembe lagolidi zinachitikadi cha malo opatulika.

M'zaka za m'ma 15, pambuyo adani a mumzinda wa Turku, pa tchalitchi, pa behest wa Mahmed Fatiha, anasanduka kumsikiti. Ndipo kuyambira monga mwa chilamulo Muslim nyama ndi anthu frescoes ndi akamachita zosatheka makoma onse pulasitala ndi laimu zachilendo m'malo mtanda anaika kachigawo ndipo anawonjezera awiri anayi minarets. Mkati mwa Mpingo wa St. Sophia, anaitana Aya Sofia, anali wodzilemekeza m'manda ndi wapamwamba yakumeneko bedi ndi pa matabwa ndi kubweretsa golide dzina la mneneri Muhammad ndi pokhapokhapo choyamba.

Mozizwitsa anasunga zithunzi pamwamba pa khomo la zithunzi za Mariya ndi Child, Constantine ndi Justinian.

Pa St. Sophia ali kukopa wina: mkati ndi ndime wotchedwa chifunga mmwamba. Malinga ndi nthano, mawanga onse zilonda anthu yomweyo anachiritsa ngati angagwirizanitse kwa izo.

Komanso, pali kachisi ndi chinsinsi mu umodzi wa kagawo kakang'ono wake kumanja zonse kumva chete. Imafotokoza kuti okhulupirira pafupifupi zikwi kobisika, ndipo pamene ankhondowo anathyola mu mpingo ku Turkey, wansembe kuwerenga pemphero. Pamene janissaries anakweza pa wansembe malupanga awo, kagawo kakang'ono khoma mwadzidzidzi anatsegula ndi mawere iye mkati. Akuti phokoso - phokoso la mapemphero a wansembe yekha, amene akuyembekezera nthawi pamene, potsiriza, Hagia Sophia adzakhalanso kukhala Mkhristu, kupita kunja ndi kupitiriza kutumikira.