Magulu a zomera nakulitsa. Zitsanzo za zomera nakulitsa maina

Kwa nthawi yaitali kukhazikitsa kugwirizana mokwanira pafupi ndi zomera anthu. Pali mitundu ina amene anabzala anthu okha, kusamalira mbewu, ndiyeno kukolola. Koma mu chikhalidwe pali mitundu kuti kukhala kaya zochita za anthu. Nakulitsa zomera, amene maina apatsidwa pansipa, ndi zofunika makamaka kwa anthu. Ndani mitundu m'gulu gulu? Pa izi, komanso zimene zomera ndi otukuka, kenako m'nkhani ino.

zambiri

Magulu a zomera nakulitsa, amene adzakhale ali m'munsiwa mwakula ndi mwamuna chakudya kwa ziweto, zakudya, mafakitale, mankhwala ndi zipangizo zina yaiwisi, ndi ntchito zina. Malinga ndi magazini ya chitatu ya Code mayiko a nomenclature, lero anazindikira mitundu itatu imene kulekana ndi ikuchitika pansi kulingalira zomera. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, monga maonekedwe, gulu ndi Grex (kwa maluwa). Iwo ali chirichonse kuchokera mitundu zakutchire. Mu nkhani iyi, ntchito kusankha, mwakusakaniza, kapena njira majini zomangamanga. Poyang'ana mitundu chilombo kwa kuswana zomera mbewu ndi ntchito wotsatira, anapanga chiphunzitso cha malo chiyambi cha agricultures. Choncho, Vavilov mwachidule wodziwa zinthu ziti, kuzindikiridwa 7 matawuni akuluakulu. M'pofunika kuti gulu la zomera nakulitsa, monga kuyenera mitundu zakutchire, si mabacteria zachilengedwe kutambasuka (m'madera).

Kusinthidwa mitundu kuthengo

Chifukwa cha kuswana chikhalidwe zakutchire anayamba kupereka mkulu zokolola mu nyengo yatsopano kapena nthaka watsopano - zinthu zachilendo kwa iwo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ena mitundu zasintha kuti tsopano n'zovuta kudziwa makolo awo. Kuonjezera zokolola za agricultures anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anapitiriza polimbana tizirombo pogwiritsa ntchito tizirombo ndi fungicides.

Nakulitsa zomera. Zitsanzo. Gawo

Pali magulu awa zomera nakulitsa:

1. Kukongoletsa (Rose).
2. Tirigu ndi dzinthu (mwachitsanzo, tirigu, chimanga, mpunga).
3. Nyemba (soya wolemera, nyemba, etc.).
4. The shuga (shuga Beet).
5. Krahmalonosnye (mbatata, mbatata).
6. CHIKWANGWANI.
7. Oilseeds (mpendadzuwa).
8. Zipatso (maapulo, mapeyala, chinanazi).
9. Masamba (fennel, nkhaka, tomato).
10. Cucurbits (vwende, chivwende).
11. Stimulant (poppy, khofi, tiyi).

mafotokozedwe

mbewu gulu anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi makhalidwe osiyana. Ambiri ntchito gulu mogwirizana ndi cholinga cha chuma mderalo. Mwachitsanzo, pali magulu a mankhwala, uchi, ankaudaya, kupota, chakudya, chakudya, mbewu mafakitale ndi mbewu zina. Monga ngati kusuntha Gawo ili (zochepa yabwino, choncho kawirikawiri ntchito) akhoza kukhala kulekana malinga ndi zinthu lino m'menemo. Pankhaniyi, kusiyanitsa Mwachitsanzo, alkaloidosoderzhaschie, belkosoderzhaschie, zhirnomaslinichnye ndi ena. Amagwiritsidwanso ndi gulu losanganikirana: pamodzi ndi chakudya, mankhwala, chakudya, akutali monga oilseeds, fibrous, zokometsera-onunkhira magulu a zomera nakulitsa. Komabe, kwambiri zomveka kwathunthu kusinthidwa dongosolo amati wachinsinsi mogwirizana ndi mfundo ya nthambi.

Kupatukana malinga ndi mafakitale ulimi

Akatswiri magulu a zomera nalo mtundu wa ulimi: zipatso kukula, masamba kukula ndi ntchito kumunda. Choncho, pali zipatso, masamba ndi mtundu kumunda. inawo, nayenso, anawagawa muzu (radish, karoti, Beet), tsamba (letesi, sipinachi, kabichi), zipatso (nkhaka, phwetekere), tsinde (katsitsumzukwa, kohlrabi), mababu (adyo, anyezi). Monga subgroup wapadera nthawi zambiri amaonedwa kukoma (onunkhira) zomera mbewu (parsley, katsabola). Tubers ndi tubers ndi mitundu edible. Pakati pa chakudya iyenera adzatchedwa mbatata (mu Europe), chinangwa ndi yams (mu Africa).

munda kalasi

Gulu la zomera monga dzinthu (mbewu monga chimanga - rye, tirigu, nyemba - mphodza, soya, nandolo, dzinthu kalasi - mapira, buckwheat, mizu (mpiru, Beet), tubers (mbatata), kuluka (hemp, fulakesi, thonje .), mafuta (mpiru, chiponde, mpendadzuwa), mbewu chakudya (nyemba, clover) zina, munda khalidwe ndi vwende mitundu monga dzungu, chivwende, vwende, koma nthawi zambiri yabwino kwambiri kuganizira iwo monga zikhalidwe zosiyana mu mtundu mwina. magulu masamba chikhalidwe. akatswiri, ndi abwino komanso payokha kuonetsetsa mankhwala kalasi (valerian, foxglove, etc.), n'kofunika mafuta (lavender, mapira), komanso mitundu yeniyeni (shag fodya).

mitundu zipatso

gulu limapangidwa wa malimidwe, omwe akutipatsa chipatso yowutsa mudyo. Nawonso, anawagawa mwala zipatso (apurikoti, maula, chitumbuwa), pome zipatso (quince, peyala, apulo), zipatso (currants, strawberries, raspberries, strawberries). Mu gulu lomwelo, mu zina monga zipatso (lalanje, ndimu), mtedza (hazelnut, amondi, mtedza). zipatso zina allocated subgroup subtropical mitundu. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka kuyikapo medlar, makangaza mkuyu. Close kwa zipatso ndi mabulosi amaonedwa mbewu monga ananyamuka m'chiuno, buckthorn ndi vitaminonosnye ena.

dzinthu

Mu gulu lonse la mbewu m'munda wa dzinthu amaonedwa zofunika kwambiri. Pakati pa mitundu wotchuka tisaiwale mpunga, tirigu, rye, Mapila, chimanga, mapira. Izi zikhalidwe pa kafukufuku osiyana zatenga pafupi firii kotala ya dziko lathuli olimapo. Tirigu wakula kulikonse: ndi mkate chachikulu munthu amene amadya tsiku lililonse. Part zokolola, kuwonjezera, ntchito woweta nkhosa. No mbewu zosafuni- imatengedwa mkuyu. M'mayiko a ku Asia amaona chakudya chodalirika. Mu msonkhano basi, kupuntha, mwachitsanzo, tirigu kuphatikiza, njere analandira koyera. Kukwaniritsa mayunitsi, munthu Amasintha iwo kusonkhanitsa ndi mbewu zina, monga soya, chimanga ndi ena.