Hodegetria - ndichiyani? Icon "Hodegetria"

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza: "Hodegetria - ndichiyani?" Komanso mudziwe zambiri za chiyambi cha chizindikiro, komanso kunayamba kale fano, ndilo lodziwika bwino. Taonani zithunzi alipo ndi mndandanda ku chithunzi chenicheni.

Hodegetria - ndichiyani?

Achokera njira iyi? Malinga ndi nthano izo linalembedwa ndi mtumwi Luka, pa moyo wa Virgin. chithunzi ichi, amene anadzatchedwa monga Hodegetria, m'zaka za zana lachisanu, anatumizidwa Constantinople. Kwa nthawi yaitali ndinali mu Odegon obisika. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti anali mndandanda chizindikiro kwa Blachernae. Mu chithunzi choyamba awasungira, ndi mbali yaing'ono ya chofunda cha Virigo.

Pakali pano, ndi Tretyakov zomera lili wakale kwambiri mafano amenewa, omwe wofanana monga kale. Chizindikiro ichi ndi wotsikayo kuchokera Pskov ndi kunayamba mapeto XIII atumwi. Poyamba, iye anali mu mpingo wa St. Nicholas ku khungu lake.

Tikumbukenso kuti dzina la fano ili lili nthano zake. Malinga ndi iye Amayi a Mulungu anaonekera pamaso pa anthu awiri akhungu mwina mosadziwika n'kupita nawo m'kachisi Blachernae. Kwa odwala dzina chizindikiro chomwecho, ndipo iwo anaona kuwala. Kuyambira pamenepo, njira iyi ndi dzina lake "Hodegetria" omwe anamasuliridwa kuchokera Greek momwe "putevoditelnitsa".

Malinga ndi nthano ina, chizindikirochi anakhala dalitso kwa ukwati wa Anne, amene anali mwana wa Greek mfumu Constantine Porfirorodnogo. Titayenda ulendo wautali kwa Russia, ndipo anapeza dzina lake.

"Hodegetria" mu Russia

Pa dera la pano Russian chizindikiro anagwa penapake pakati pa zaka zana XI. Anamutengera Mfumukazi Anne, amene patapita kanthawi, anakwatiwa ndi Vsevolod Yaroslavich wa Chernigov. chithunzi ichi poyamba anali mozizwitsa ndipo anasangalala yapadera ya Akhristu. Patapita kanthawi "Odigitria" chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, anatchedwa Smolensk.

Chifukwa cha mndandanda ndi chizindikiro ichi msanga chidayala mu Russia. Kumene, fano kakusintha ena kusintha kuyambira okhwima iconographic ovomerezeka mtundu wa Amayi a Mulungu sanali, ndipo palibe amene ankati yeniyeni buku akachisi. Komabe, zithunzi mbali wamba anapulumutsidwa.

Yapadera ya kufunika kwa Amayi a Mulungu mu Russia

Choncho, mafano ndi "Hodegetria" mu Russia chotchuka kwambiri ndi wolemekezeka kwambiri. Umboni wa zimenezi ndi mndandanda yambiri ya chithunzi choyamba, amene anagulitsidwa wakale. Tikumbukenso kuti Virgin yabwino kwa anthu a m'dera lino, monga mwa malo ambiri amaona woyang'anira ndi mtetezi.

Nthawi zambiri pemphero lochokera pansi amapulumutsa munthu m'mavuto kapena tsoka. Pa ichi, pali umboni onse kale lero.

Iconography chifaniziro

Icon "Hodegetria" - fano wapadera wa Lady athu. Mu Greek, monga tanenera kale, ndi "putevoditelnitsa". chizindikirochi ali ndi tanthauzo lapadera kwa Akhristu. Mwa njira imeneyi kaŵirikaŵiri zinasonyeza Virgin Mary ndi Child. dzanja lake - chala kunenanso Mwana (ili patsogolo pa chifuwa), komanso chipulumutso cha anthu onse. mfundo zimenezi n'kofunika kwambiri. Kudzanja lamanzere akukhala mwana yekha. dzanja lake lamanzere ndi wotanganidwa ndi mpukutu adagulung'undisa, ndi dzanja lamanja liukitsidwa mu manja a dalitso. miyendo Baby kapena anawoloka kapena anakonza mwachindunji. Childs Mwana akuonetsedwa frontally, koma nthawi zina zingakhalenso theka anatembenuka kukopedwa. Mulimonsemo zimasonyeza madalitso anakhalabe. Virgin nthawi zina zitawonetseredwa pa mpando wachifumu, zina zonse m'litali kapena m'chiuno akuya.

Tikumbukenso kuti fano wakhala kudziwika kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale pamaso pa VI atumwi, Palestine Egypt. Pambuyo kuti ambiri mu East ndi Orthodox. M'zaka za m'ma III pali kutanthauzira zamulungu la fano, ndicho kutanthauzira kwa mphindi m'thupi ku Virgin. Tikumbukenso kuti ku chochitika ichi pali latsopano, kuti mwachindunji zokhudzana Amayi a Mulungu. Izi "Chitsamba Choyaka Moto" ndi "inviolable khoma", ndi ena ambiri.

Smolensk chizindikiro - wotchuka kwambiri mtundu wa

Icon "Hodegetria Smolenskaya" chimaonedwabe zinachitika mafano onsewa mu Russia. Mbiri yake amabwerera zaka, koma zimakhala nthano kuti zidachoka ku pakamwa pakamwa. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti ndi mndandanda wa mmodzi wa mafano poyamba, yemwe anali penti ndi Mtumwi Luke. Kuti Russia linabwera, monga kudalembedwa pamwamba, mwana wamkazi wa Mfumu Constantine.

Kamodzi anafa Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavovich ndi mkazi wake, Anna, chizindikirochi akatengela ndi mwana wawo - Vladimir Monomakh. Iye anavutika fano mozizwitsa Smolensk ndi kuika mu mpingo wa Mfundo za Virgin. Kuyambira pamenepo, ndipo wakhala chizindikiro cha Smolensk.

Ndi nambala ya zodabwitsa anachita ali pa amodzi mwa malo loyamba la ena ngati iye. Limeneli ndi "Amayi a Mulungu Smolensk Hodegetria" mu 1239 anali mpulumutsi ndi kumbuyo dziko Russian ku mliri wa asilikali a Batu Khan.

Pa chiyambi cha chizindikiro XV atumwi anasamukira ku Moscow ndipo anaikidwa boma la Russia Cathedral wa Annunciation. Patapita kanthawi, izo kachiwiri anabwerera kunyumba kwawo ku Smolensk. Pambuyo pake, fano akadali anapanga kwambiri kuyenda ndi migrations, makamaka pa nkhondo yogonjetsa dziko la kanthu, koma nthawi anabwerera kwawo. Mwatsoka, pambuyo zochitika za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, fano la tsoka sakudziwika.

Mu nthawi yake ndi chizindikiro ichi zalembedwa zambiri mndandanda amene anafalikira m'dziko Russia. Mu Smolensk, pa malo a chizindikiro wakale osiyana tsopano, amenenso ali katundu mozizwitsa. Chikhochi ndi chimodzi mwa tiakachisi lofunika kwambiri la dziko Russian.

Tikhvin chizindikirochi

Pa ndime ndi njira Smolensk kulemekeza ndi "Hodegetria wa Tikhvin". Lady athu ali yemweyo yaitali mbiri, imene panali mphindi zodabwitsa. Akukhulupirira kuti fano mbisoweka ku Constantinople atagwa ake, ndipo patapita kanthawi anaonekera mu Russia pafupi Tikhvin.

Malinga ndi nthano, mkulu wa mabishopu Constantinople ananena kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro, chimene adachipasula kale anali mu mpingo Blachernae. The Tikhvin obisika fano anali anaika mu njira yomweyo monga wapachiyambi mu mpingo wa Constantinople. Kumeneko anapitiriza mpaka mchitidwe ndi matchalitchi osati anayamba kutseka m'dziko lonselo (nyengo Soviet).

M'zaka Soviet chizindikirochi anali mu America, ndipo mu 2004 anabwerera ku Russia, komwe anayamba kukhala kulengedwanso Tikhvin obisika.

Kazan chizindikirochi

Wina wotchuka "Virgin Hodegetria" mu Kazan. Chizindikiro ichi angakhale mu 1579 ku Kazan, pambuyo panali moto zoyipa izo, chimene chinawononga pafupifupi kuthetsa lonse. Chifanizo cha Amayi a Mulungu zidavumbulutsidwa kwa msungwana wamng'ono, amene anakumba ndi chizindikiro mwa phulusa.

Mozizwitsa Kupezeka kwa fano pambuyo mavutowa anapha zonse kwambiri. Anthu ambili panthawiyo anali kugwada, iye anatipatsa chiyembekezo chathu cha chipulumutso (pambuyo patsogolo ozizira, ndipo anthu ambiri anali pa msewu nyumba ndi katundu aliyense).

Kenako, pa behest ndi Ivana Groznogo inamangidwa Kazan Cathedral, ndi pafupi idamangidwa masisitere. Zozizwitsa zinachitika pafupi chizindikirochi yomweyo pambuyo kupeza (kuzindikira awiri akhungu).

Pakali pano, chizindikiro choyambirira kulibe, nthawi zina anatayika. Komabe, mndandanda ambiri amene alipo lero, anatchuka chifukwa cha zozizwitsa zake.

Ena odziwika bwino zizindikiro za mtundu uwu

Icon "Hodegetria wa Smolensk" Inde, wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu ena a mtundu uwu. Komabe, pali ena ambiri, ngati iye. Mmodzi wa mafano awa ndi Chijojiya. Poyamba, iye anali mu Georgia, koma pambuyo 1622 iye anatengedwa ku Persia (chinachitika anagonjetsa dziko ndi Shah Abbas). ulendo wake unali wautali, ndi kuima mu dera Arkhangelsk mu Krasnogorsk obisika. Pakali pano, ndi chithunzi chenicheni watayika, koma pali mndandanda naye. Asanapange chizindikirochi kumukweza chifukwa kutaya miliri zosiyanasiyana, komanso kuchiza khutu ndi diso matenda.

Wina, n'kofunika, ndi mafano, lomwe limasonyeza Amayi a Mulungu Hodegetria, ndi Iver. chithunzi ichi alibe mbiri zochepa mwachinsinsi. M'zaka za m'ma IX zinali m'nyumba ya mkazi achipembedzo. Iyo inali nthawi iconoclastic, ndipo anaganiza kuti apulumutse chizindikirochi ku chiwonongeko, ayanjane mu madzi nyanja. Icon anaonekera zaka ziwiri zokha kenako, pafupi ndi phiri la Athos, pafupi agulupa Spain ameneŵa. Pakuti anamanga mpingo chipata, kumene fano amasungidwa chete.

Ndithudi, izi si mafano onse a mtundu uwu, amene musungidwa ndi kulemekezedwa m'malo ambiri ndi akachisi. Iwo ali ndithu kwambiri, ndipo iwo onse ali zawo mphamvu yapadera ndi kupereka zothandizira mipingo yawo.

Akachisi, omwe amadzipereka ndi chifaniziro cha "Hodegetria"

Popeza kuti ayankhe funso: "Hodegetria - chimene chiri" - tisaiwale kuti chithunzichi zizigwirizana tiakachisi ena. Mwachitsanzo, m'mizinda yambiri mu Russia ndi mayiko ena, pali akachisi omwe anamangidwa pomulemekeza cha chifano cha "Putevoditelnitsa". Taonani mndandanda:

• Mpingo Kimzha ali Arkhangelsk dera (sichiri);
• Mpingo wa mu mzinda wa Disney Belarus (kuchita);
• yopemphereramo mpingo Hodegetria, iye Simferopol, Crimea (panopa);
• Mpingo mu Kasimov, Ryazan dera ali (panopa).

Ndipo pali mipingo, matchalitchi ndi akachisi ndithu ambiri, monga kulambira Orthodox Virgin Good.

Pomaliza

Kotero tsopano inu mukudziwa yankho ku funso lakuti: "Hodegetria - icho chiri," Ndipo mmene panali mtundu iconographic ndipo kodi zithunzi wotchuka kwambiri, kudzipereka kwa iye. M'pomveka chifukwa mu Russia fano kotero olemekezeka, chifukwa Virgin si kupulumutsa anthu ku mavuto osiyanasiyana, anauzira chikhulupiriro ndi chiyembekezo, Ine sindikupatsani kutaya mtima.