"Mu kutali - mtunda" (Twardowski): Mwachidule. Dzina lake Aleksandr Tvardovsky, ndakatulo

Ndakatulo "Mu kutali - Distance" olembedwa nkhondo itatha, wolemba wake - Olemba kwambiri, msilikali wamkulu ndi anthu osayanjanitsika wa Dziko Lathu. moyo wake unali waufupi ndi zaminga. Mwa kupanga ntchito imeneyi, iye sanalekerere yekha, kupereka masana ndi kuika pa pepala la tsoka la nkhondo.

A pang'ono za wolemba

Dzina lake Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky anabadwa mu 1910 mu dera Smolensk. atate wake udachita moyo pokhala wosula, nthawi zambiri anakonza madzulo kuwerenga ntchito za olemba a chi chachikulu: Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov ndi ena. Icho chinali choyamba zikuluzikulu kutsogolera kukula kwa Mlengi zolembalemba. Amayi Aleksandra Trifonovicha ankaganizira kwambiri ndi kusamalira za izo, iye zatchulidwa mobwerezabwereza ndakatulo ndi nkhani zake. Ndakatulo maphunziro University Pedagogical ndi Institute wa History, Philosophy, Literature mu Moscow (mayi waana wamkulu wowoneka bwino). Twardowski a ndakatulo poyamba chinalembedwa mu ana aang'ono. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo iye anali m'gulu la asilikali kuyambira pa chiyambi kupambana nkhondo ndi achifasizimu German. Kodi mobwerezabwereza kupereka malangizo ndi mendulo. Nkhondo mu njira yapadera anakhudza moyo wa ndakatulo iyi, n'kosatheka kuti muzindikire, kuwerenga chimodzi ndakatulo Twardowski. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, Tvardovsky anali mkonzi wamkulu wa magazini zolembalemba "New World", positi kwa nthawi yaitali wake ndi kuyesa njira zosiyana kuchotsa. Tvardovsky anali cathu mpaka nthawi monga osati zipolopolo ziwanga m'malo moyika adani. Atachoka magazini Tvardovsky anakakhala dziko ndi chisoni kwa zakale anaganiza kuzungulira mayi kwawo. Wolemba ndakatulo wopambana amene anakhala nthawi yochepa, kusiya kukumbukira owerenga ndi olemba anzawo kukoma chizindikiro. Twardowski anamwalira mu 1971.

"Mu kutali - mtunda" (Twardowski): Mwachidule

Zojambula ndi mu mtundu wanyimbo m'nyimbo ya kulemba ndi kuweramira yadzaoneni. Amakhala chaputala 15 ndi kusintha yosalala kwa wina ndi mzake. Kudzoza kwa ndakatuloyi anali ulendo Russia, womwenso Siberia, ndi Urals, Far East. The ndakatulo ndi autobiographical mu chikhalidwe, pali dialogues ndi malongosoledwe a mitunda kwawo. Pamsonkhano wina oyima wolemba akukumana ubwana bwenzi lake, amene amaganiziranso wina wa mitu ya ndakatuloyi. Mwachidule, maziko ntchito - maganizo, kukumbukira ndi malongosoledwe a mitundu ya ophimba zenera.

"Mu kutali - mtunda" (Twardowski): mbiri ya chilengedwe

Chifukwa chilengedwe cha ntchito anali mlembi wa Care la magazini "New World" ndi manda, chachitika pa zochitika za nkhondo. Ndinalemba ndakatulo ndi zaka khumi "Pakuti kutali - mtunda" Twardowski. Chidule patsogolo boma zifukwa chilengedwe chake. Ndakatulo kukayikira ndi akakumbukira zopita pa ulendo wopita ku Russia, kuyambira Urals, ndiye kuti Siberia ndi Far East. maganizo onsewa kuyenda ndi kupanga tsikulo akutsogolera "Pakuti kutali - mtunda". Mu umodzi wa maulendo ake Twardowski anakumana ndi mnzake amene anadzipereka kwa mmodzi wa zigawo ndakatuloyi. Komanso, musaiwale kutchula wolemba wa dziko lakwawo. Zotsatirazi amasulidwe mankhwala wakhala mtsogoleri mwa ndakatulo ano. Komabe, kutsutsa makamaka ndi zokambirana, izo sizinali kupereka.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za Mitu ya ndakatuloyi

Chiyambi ndi chaputala choyamba anafotokoza zolinga za wolemba kuyenda. Kukambitsirana kuchokera pa windo galimoto pa expanses ndi Poyembekezera patsogolo zochitika adziwitse ali M'mphepete mokondwera khalidwe la wolemba. Kuti tiwonana kwa Moscow, ndi ngwazi m'nyimbo mosangalala akuyembekezera chinachake kwa ulendo. Mutu wa "Njira" akusonyeza maganizo wolemba ndi chikhumbo cha zokumana latsopano m'madera unexplored kwawo. Anachita aliyense amakhala latsopano ndi njira kunja pa zenera, dzina lake Aleksandr Tvardovsky. "Mu kutali - Distance" ndi mutu limafotokoza mmene kupita ku zigawo zosiyana za dziko.

Komanso wolemba limafotokoza chachikulu Volga, anawatcha "zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri mitsinje". Iye analemba kuti Volga Mtsinje monga ubiquitous imene "anayang'ana theka Russian." Onse ndi chisangalalo undisguised kuganizira mtsinje, ngakhale kuiwala kuposa ntchito. Kuitana mayi ake, wolemba ndakatulo akufuna kusonyeza ukulu ndi kukongola kwa Volga. Ndithu chitadutsa pamodzi mbali yaikulu ya dziko Russian likachitapo nyanja ambiri.

Mutu wa "safanana awiri" amasonyeza kukumbukira woyambitsa wa ubwana wake Zagorje, kumene anakulira wosula shopu bambo ake, ndipo pitani kwa Urals lapansi. Awiri safanana monga bambo chinyezimiro-earner m'banja ndi Urals-getter, ndi wosula mtundu wonse. Mu ndakatulo, wolembayo akuitana wansembe Ural kuti limakambanso za zolinga zake kuti tisangalale ndi kulipira ulemu kwa kumidzi Russian.

Kuyerekezera "mtunda awiri"

Mu "awiriwa" wolemba akuti tiwonana kuti Urals ndi Siberia asatambira kufotokoza malo ake ndi chirichonse chimene afika mu munda wa masomphenya. Poganiza wina ndi kuonera dalyu chachiwiri imodzi kamakhala poona ndi chisoni. Ndakatulo kuika mu mutu uwu ndi tanthauzo lenileni la Kale ndipo panopa pa dziko: Zingwe za nkhondo, imfa yoopsya ndi chimwemwe cha nyumba yatsopano, ntchito chakuya, kubwezeretsa kwa mphamvu. Koma kukumbukira ukhala wodzaza ikuwombedwa chisoni, zimene zinalembedwa zokwanira maganizo Twardowski.

Aliyense achinyamata ngati Echo a m'mbuyomu

Ndakatulo Tvardovsky "Pakuti kutali - mtunda" ladzala ndi maganizo zokongola ndi chibadwidwe. Machaputala, wolemba achititsa kukambirana ndi owerenga, zomwe zimawonjezera liveliness Malemba. Mu "kucheza zolembalemba," amanena zokhudza wake apaulendo anzathu, umene uli kale tsiku lachitatu wakwera: pali zazikulu, ndi kuti banjali, ndi mtsikana posintha zobvala za usiku wake. Popanda kutaya pamaso pa mbali kunja ya aliyense wa iwo anawonjezera basi awo ndi mfundo za zochita zawo m'tsogolo. Komanso apa pali kukambirana ndi owerenga.

Paulendo umenewu, Tvardovsky akukumana mnzake wakale, amene amanga naye. Iwo amakumbukira ubwana ng'ombe msipu pamodzi, zipolopolo moto sukulu nkhalango ndi Young League Communist. Comrades wachinyamata, amene sanawone kwa zaka 17, ndi mphindi zisanu kuti ndiyankhule kwa siteshoni "Taishet." Ndi misala chisoni polekanitsa abwenzi. msonkhano uno masamba zowawa za chisoni mu moyo wa mlembi.

Makombo a chokumbukira nkhondo

Ulendo wonse kumatenga masiku khumi ndi zikuphatikizapo mbiri m'zaka za anthu ndi zikuluzikulu malongosoledwe a m'dera la Russia. Apa ndi ozizira Urals amphamvu ndi Siberia - ndi "zimakhala zazikulu za zomera ndi mphamvu" ndi Far East. Mbiri mphindi asilikali amafotokozedwa "kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo." Masewero maganizo ndi mafano a ndakatulo "Mu kutali - mtunda" (Twardowski), mwachidule zomwe ndi voluminous ndithu, ndi chifukwa ntchito iyoyomwe ndi tanthauzo lenileni ndiponso nthawi yaitali kulemba, Chili zakale ndipo moyo uno wa anthu.

Anachita ntchito imeneyi, monga otsiriza, anaika zonsezi yekha mu kulemba ndakatulo "Mu kutali - mtunda" Twardowski. Chidule cha ngakhale kachigawo ka zithumwa ndi subtleties onse mankhwala lilibe palokha. Werengani ndime imodzi, owerenga chimadzera kumbuyo mu lingaliro kwambiri ndi chokumbukira wolemba. Mu chaputala chomaliza cha ulendo kubwerera ku Moscow pa pepala wolemba sawatcha tsoka chifukwa zimenezi molimba moyo wake.

Tanthauzo lakuya la kutalika kwa ntchito

Analysis a ndakatulo Tvardovsky "Pakuti kutali - mtunda" - nkhani za zosaneneka mafotokozedwe luso la nkhalango ndi zigwa, mitsinje ndi nyanja ya Mama lalikulu, za moyo ndi chokumbukira wolemba, wa zidutswa za nkhondo otengedwa kukumbukira a ndakatulo iyi. Koma zofunika kwambiri alili aboma ntchito ndi kufanana kwa nthawi, chisoni ndi chimwemwe, ndi kuzindikira za anthu a chi kubwera kwa zaka za m'ma latsopano. Mlembi, monga ngati mu moyo wake wonse ndense kukumbukira pamodzi mogwirizana awo ndakatulo m'nyimbo-epic "Mu kutali - mtunda," anawonjezera kukula ndi mphamvu ya ulemerero. Ndipo kotero kunapezeka mwaluso a Russian ndakatulo ya atumwi wotsiriza.