Kale: chithunzi, dzina, maphikidwe

Kale, kabichi kapena kale na - ndi zosiyanasiyana zodabwitsa kabichi, amene anatha kupewa kusinthidwa chibadwa ndi kuweta. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World mu France, anthu chifukwa cha njala ndi vitamini akusowa opulumutsidwa atitchoku. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu England, osati chifukwa cha njala anathandiza izo kumera mu kalasi. Calais, komanso Yerusalemu artichokes, anapindula udindo wa "aiwala masamba" kwa zaka zambiri. Masiku ano, wabwerera zikomo tebulo ndi odyera otchuka, amene mwachangu ntchito masamba ntchito yokonza zakudya zawo.

Dzina ndi malo ndowe

Kale dzina ali oposa mmodzi. Koma iwo akutchedwa ndowe (amatsimikiza pa syllable wachiwiri), brunkol, kale na, gryunkol. Koma ziribe kanthu momwe wotchedwa masamba, izo zikuwoneka mofanana Mulimonsemo, masamba ake fringed akhoza kukhala wofiirira kapena zobiriwira kulocha, ndipo iwo alibe kupanga mutu. N'chifukwa chake Latin dzina la mankhwala zikumveka Acephala kapena Brassica oleracea, kutanthauza "lotayirira, unattached." zosiyanasiyana uyu ali mkulu, nthawizina kufika mita imodzi, phesi, kumene mbali zonse mwachisawawa masamba mogwirizana. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti gryunkol ndi mtundu kwambiri wakale wa kabichi zakutchire.

Kale amalowerera kukula ngakhale pansi zinthu zinafika poipa kwambiri nyengo. Pambuyo akuvutika chisanu ndi zimapezeka kokha juicier ndi zotsekemera. Ku Ulaya, kale na lisanathe Zapakati anali wotchuka kwambiri wobiriwira masamba. M'mayiko ambiri zikugwira kulima masamba, koma m'kupita m'malo mwa mbewu zina zamasamba. Pamene mtundu umenewu anakumbukira kachiwiri kuti ankaona zosowa, makamaka M'madera a zitunda wathu.

Koma, koma, palibe State asamalira palokha malo gryunkolya. Kabichi ngati m'mayiko onse, koma kulikonse ndikukhulupirira kunja kwa mphamvu zina. Germany kuitana ndowe French chikhalidwe England ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zikumera kubwera ku Scotland kapena Siberia, koma kwa Dutch izo - ndi German "nzika". Ku United Kingdom ndi United States ndowe zikuoneka pansi pa dzina la Red Russian kale na - Red Russian kale na. Iwo amanena kuti ku America masamba zombo anabweretsa ndi amalonda a ku Russia, kenako mankhwala litakhazi- anakakhala California minda. Mugone ankadutsa Arkhangelsk ndi London analimbikitsa adzabwerensoyo wa ndowe mu England.

Mitundu Kale kabichi

Kale ali mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

1. Siberia kale na - zosiyanasiyana kugonjetsedwa ndi otsika kutentha ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana.
2. Trostyanaya - kutalika kwake angafikire pafupifupi mamita awiri. Mbali ya mtundu uwu kuti ali ndi tsinde bulky, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ndodo.
3. Russian Red - ali ndi katundu mofanana Siberia, koma zikuoneka yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa kumulowetsa masamba limaonetseratu wofiira.
4. Lopotana kabichi - osiyanasiyana ambiri kale na (kale na). Ku mitundu ina zimaonetsa kukoma zofewa ndi okoma. masamba Culture kuti mphwephwa ndi lopotana tione.
5. Kabichi Redbor F1 kungakhale mdima ziwembu wofiirira kapena wofiira mtundu, kotero mtundu kawirikawiri ntchito opatsa ena kamvekedwe mbale.
6. Tuscan kabichi - losiyana elongated woonda pepala ndi dongosolo makwinya.
7. Yaikulu kabichi - chisanu-kukula zosiyanasiyana.

Kaya akhale zosiyanasiyana kale na (lopotana kale na), masamba bwino kudya zosaphika, kuwonjezera iwo kuti saladi ndi achinyamata adyo, tomato ndi Basil. Choncho, katundu phindu chikhalidwe ndi bwino anasunga.

Zikuchokera brunkol kabichi

Kale lili mchere ambiri, kupatsidwa folic acid, 20% magnesium, calcium, mkuwa ndi potaziyamu. Kale, chithunzi akhoza m'nkhani ino, limayenda ndi mavitamini A ndiponso C. Iwo zili pafupifupi 50%. Mu chiwerengero pang'ono ang'onoang'ono a chikhalidwe lili mavitamini B1, B2, B6, ndipo E.

mankhwala ndi, ndi vitamini K, umene uli wofunika kwambiri kwa thupi. Provitamin A (beta-carotene) ndi mbali ya kathebuloyo. mankhwala lili 85% ya mlingo tsiku la thunthu. magalamu zana kabichi kale na ali 28 kcal.

Zothandiza zimatha kabichi brunkol

Kale ali ndi makhalidwe ena angapo ena zabwino, ndiponso umene m'pofunika kukula masamba iyi. mankhwala amathandiza kuthetsa akusowa calcium. Limodzi gram kabichi anthu pafupifupi 1.35 mamiligalamu wa zinthu, pamene yofanana mkaka lili mamiligalamu 1,13 yekha. Kashiamu ku kabichi izi chosakanikirana ndi thupi ndi 25% kuposa kashiamu mkaka. Kwa anthu amene amadwala tsankho kwa mapuloteni mkaka, ndi chopondapo ndi nkhokwe kwambiri wa calcium.

Chifukwa zili bwino vitamini C, brunkol ankaona antioxidant kwambiri ya chiyambi achilengedwe. Low calorie kale na amathandiza kulimbana pogwiritsa kwambiri. Ngakhale kochepa zili calorie, masamba kwathunthu osabwereranso kumeneko mpaka zitanyowetsa thupi ndi ambiri zipangizo zofunika. Choncho, zamasamba ndi kudzipatula chikhalidwe kunyada kwa malo chakudya menyu awo.

Kale kale na imatengedwa chosaneneka zinthu zonse kupewa masomphenya. Culture amatchedwa Mfumukazi ya carotenoids, chifukwa kapu imodzi mankhwala lili 200% kufunika tsiku la vitamini A.

Kukonzekera kale na

Brunkol n'kumene zodabwitsa mbale ambiri. Lopotana kale na (maphikidwe pansipa) kungakhale zikuluzikulu za saladi kapena msuzi. Masamba achinyamata akhoza kuphikidwa masamba zokoma saladi. Kuti akonze izo adzafunika eyiti masamba ka kabichi magalamu zana la feta tchizi, galasi mmodzi wa currants chofiira (jamu, rasipiberi, wakuda currant, mphesa kapena apulo magawo), pang'ono owonjezera namwali mafuta, kotala chikho cha Kinoya, parsley, katsabola, zobiriwira anyezi kukoma .

Osambitsidwa ndi zouma masamba a kale na ayenera kusema n'kupanga woonda. Ndiye kuwaza anyezi ndi amadyera, chikwapu mu blender zipatso za. Berry puree Kusakaniza ndi mchere, mafuta ndi tsabola. Tsopano, mu mbale kuphatikiza grits ndi, amadyera, anyezi ndi kabichi ndi kusakaniza saladi ndi msuzi mabulosi. Top mbale tikulimbikitsidwa azikongoletsa zidutswa tchizi ndi zipatso otsala.

Kuti akonze msuzi ndi kabichi gryunkol akonze:

• zana ml ya kirimu.
• Kapu imodzi ya nkhuku kapena masamba msuzi.
• 400 ga nandolo zii.
• White tsabola, mchere.
• mbatata limodzi.
• 200 ga ndowe.
• Awiri "Parmesan" supuni grated tchizi.
• Chimodzi kapena ziwiri timphukira la timbewu.
• Atatu kapena anayi timphukira wa Basil.

Mbatata yeretsani ndi kusema chunks lalikulu. The muli awiri wiritsani mbatata ndi nandolo. zakudya zophika zimagwirizizirana ndi masamba akanadulidwa kabichi ndi msuzi ndi whisk pa blender onse. Mu yosenda yikani akanadulidwa masamba Basil ndi timbewu tonunkhira, Parmesan, kirimu ndi moto chidebe pang'ono za msuzi. Oyambitsa nthawi zonse, ife konzekera mbale kwa mphindi ziwiri. Pudding m'mawa ndi crackers.

chikhalidwe kubzala

Childs, chikhalidwe wakula kwa mbewu zomwe anabzala mu nthaka lotseguka. mbewu Kale kuti ayenera anabzala pakati pa April kapena oyambirira May, osati bwino kulekerera ndi kumuika. Choncho kale kuchokera zikumera nthaka bwino asakhudze. Kutentha kwa mbewu zambiri akhale madigiri 50. Aliyense bwino n'kofunika kupanga pang'ono humus ku phulusa nkhuni.

kudya kukula kale na (kale na). Mbewu kumera pa masiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri mutabzala. Kunyumba, chikhalidwe wakula kwa mbewu.

Malangizo pa masamba

Kugula kabichi kale na, kulabadira kwa chikhalidwe masamba: iwo ayenera kukhala khirisipi ndi olimba ndipo alibe mawanga mdima. Kusunga mu firiji mu thumba pepala kwa masabata awiri. Ngati mukufuna kupulumutsa gryunkol yaitali, ndiye kuchita izo mu mufiriji mu chidebe pulasitiki.

Pamaso kuphika kabichi ndi bwino kusamba kunja ndi kuchotsa izo kuchokera ku mapesi.

Contraindications kudya ndowe

Kabichi zosiyanasiyana ili lili oxalates. An yambiri ya iwo mu thupi kumabweretsa matenda angapo. Choncho kugwiritsa ntchito chopondapo ayenera kuchotsedwa madona amene ali ndi ndulu kapena miyala impso kumeneko.