Kodi kapepala? Features polemba chinenero chimenechi

Today ife kulankhula za mawu "kapepala". losafunika adzakhala anafotokoza hereinafter. Tikuyankhula zokhudza mitundu ya ntchito zaluso ndi journalistic. Kawirikawiri ukuperekedwa dongosolo ziliri ndale kapena zipani payekha.

kulunjika

Kapepala - ndi mtundu wanyimbo kuti nthawi zambiri kusiyana ndi ena gulu chikhalidwe, chipani, boma. Ntchito zoterozo zambiri poyera aliyense payekha anthu. Kabukuko ali tanthauzo lofanana ndi zopeka, ndi wolemba ake nthawi zambiri si wosiyana kwambiri kuchokera wolemba. Zoyesayesa woyamba kusonyeza limodzi la munthu wodziwika, ndipo chachiwiri Cholinga chikhalidwe ndi. Cholinga zoipa uliri polemba chinenero ichi, nakayika mbali ya kukana, kukhudzana, mnyozo, zimakhalira pachibale wake ndi mitundu satirical mabuku. Apa izo anapeza mikangano ndi Izitu n'zovutitsa.

chinyezimiro cha chowonadi

Kuti tanthauzo kabukuko, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti iye akunena kwa munthu winawake, ndipo zinthu zina. Iwo anatulutsa Kutulukira. Art kalembedwe woyambitsa wa ntchito zimenezi ndi mbali zovuta za Zotengera, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusinjirira ndipo ngakhale Izitu n'zovutitsa. Choncho, tiyeni kuyesa chathunthu ndipo nthawi yomweyo mwa tanthauzo limodzi kuyankha funso, kodi kapepala. Tikuyankhula zokhudza zimalimbikitsa ndale, makamaka maudindo zopeka, amene ali pafupi ndi zingapo zochititsa kuti Zotengera.

Kapepala amathanso kupezeka mu mabuku. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula oyamba a chiwembu zopeka ntchito khalidwe kuti ndi khalidwe la zithunzi za makamaka munthu, pofotokoza molondola khalidwe kapena maonekedwe. Kapepala chiŵerengero ndi mabuku zobwezedwa. Amaonekera mwa zinthu zakale. Choncho, kapepala amapereka ubwenzi mabuku utolankhani. kusintha wawo ukhale zimachitika zinthu zina zakale.

nkhani

Ngati ife kulankhula za mfundo zimenezi kapepala, tisaiwale kuti mawu anayambitsa m'zaka za m'ma XIV. Poyamba otchedwa neperepletonnuyu kabuku popanda chophimbira. Monga mtundu wanyimbo ndi, zodabwitsazi zachitika mu nthawi ya Kukonzanso. Chibadidwe kapepala mbali - polemical cholinga, topicality, kukondera - inakhazikitsidwa kalelo mu mau, diatribes ndi invectives. Tiyeni tikambirane zinthu zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Diatribe - ndi mtundu wanyimbo mabuku akale, amene analengedwa ndi Cynic nzeru zapamwamba mu III. BC. e. Tikuyankhula zokhudza kuyankhulana pa nthanthi, mitu makamaka abwino. Amaphatikiza ndi polemic mwamphamvu, amene kunachitidwa ndi mdani kungoganiza, ndi amaukira koopsa kwa Uthunthu. Polemba chinenero diatribe kenako kuyala maziko a tsogolo la uthenga wachikristu.

maziko

Zilandiridwenso Cynics Amene adamutsutsa maziko zikuluzikulu ndi mfundo cha anthu, pakhala kutchulidwa satirical apamaliro. Mtundu wa mabuku analengedwa ndi dzina Cynic Menippus wa Godard. Nthanthi-satirical dialogues a wolemba lino lathuli mu nkhani wosangalatsa. Njira imeneyi analola caustic ndipo akugwiritsa kuwaseka anthu ofooka ndi masukulu a maganizo. Menippus ntchito lero ayi waliteteza. Komabe, zitsanzo ndi maumboni ntchito izi achuluka. Menippean Zotengera analenga olemba Mark Terentsy Varro ndi Lucian.

Zolembalemba Zotengera ndi spawned kabukuko ndipo journalistic nthambi. Mu Rome, accusatory chiyambi unaonekera mwa invective - munthu nayo. mitundu mabuku a zodabwitsazi ndi osiyanasiyana: ndi malankhulidwe polemical ndi nkhani, epigrams. Mbali ndale invective ali khalidwe la dzina achipongwe munthu wina. Izi ndi nkhani "Invective ndi Cicero" analembadi Sallust. Ntchito imeneyi akuyesa kuwononga makhalidwe a munthu uyu kumeneko monga munthu banja, wandale, Angachitsekereze achinyengo, zikubweretsa zinthu zophwanya malamulo kukhoti.

Cicero anati, chimodzimodzi otukwana ndi nkhanza invective. polemba chinenero ichi chakhala wamba mtundu wa nkhondo ndale ku dera la Rome. Cicero anamasulidwa invective ndi Clodius. Iwo ndi zolengedwa ofanana komanso anali maziko a zikamera wa mtundu wanyimbo anafotokozedwa ndi ife.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe kapepalako. Tikukhulupirira kudziwa zimenezi akhala akugwira.