Kodi kumwa mowa ndi chiyani?

Zaka za makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri za anthu zinali nyengo ya chitukuko chofulumira ndi zochitika zokhutiritsa muzinthu zosiyanasiyana za sayansi ndi zamakono. Chimodzi mwazinthu zimenezi ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Kukonzekera kwatsopano

Njira yachizolowezi yopangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo wakhala akudziwika kuyambira kale. Amafuna kupezeka kwa zipangizo zakuthupi zachilengedwe, zipangizo zamakono ndi zikhalidwe zina za kayendetsedwe kake. Chotsatira ndi chogwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma ali ndi zovuta ziwiri - kulemera ndi phukusi. Mu galasi lokhala ndi galasi lopangidwa ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi kumabweretsa mavuto enanso potsata. Ndizifukwa zomwe zakhala zikuyendera kafukufuku ndi asayansi omwe adzipanga cholinga chopanga mowa wochuluka. Ubwino wa zoterezi ndi zoonekeratu. Kupita panjira kapena pa tchuthi, ndizosavuta kubweretsa thumba la ufa kusiyana ndi thumba ndi mabotolo. Pa nthawi yoyenera, kokha kumangokhala kosavuta kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zakumwa zofunikira zikhale zokonzeka mkati mwa mphindi zingapo.

Lingalirolo limakhudza ambiri, ndipo asayansi atha kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Zotsatira zake, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zidakalipobe. Opanga mtundu watsopano wa mowa amayesa kukhala okondweretsedwa kwambiri ndi makasitomala amtsogolo. Amamvetsera kuti chinthu choterechi chidzawononga ndalama zochuluka kuposa momwe amachitira. Ndipo phindu lotero sizingatheke koma ogwira ntchito omwe angagwiritse ntchito chidwi.

Poyembekezera malonda

Otsitsimutsa chiphunzitsochi amaimira mowa wambiri monga chinthu chofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, kumwa mowa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi alendo ngati njira yothandizira mabala. Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, oyendetsa galimoto kuchokera ku ufa wodabwitsa akhoza kukonzekera okha, kapena, monga akunena mwa anthu, "opanda madzi". Chilichonse chiri chosavuta, mofulumira, musadandaule ndi zolemba zambiri. Chomera choyamba chopanga chipangizo chatsopano chiri ku US, ku Arizona. Boma likuganiza kale kupyolera mu mafunso onse okhudza mitengo ndi msonkho. Zoterezi zingayambe kugulitsidwa posachedwa. Choyamba, opanga akukonzekera kupanga zinthu zisanu:

• Vodka,
• Ramu,
• Cocktail «Zachilengedwe»,
• Chokwanira «Lemon Drop»,
• Malo ogulitsa otchedwa "Pauderita", omwe amavomereza kwambiri amafanana ndi otchuka "Margarita".

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kusakaniza mowa koteroko sikukuphatikizidwa ndi lamulo pa zoletsa zaka. Chifukwa chake, achinyamata amatha kugula katundu wotereyo pa intaneti. Mwina izi sizowona, koma zowona sizitsutsana ndi aliyense.

Chodziwika bwino

M'dziko lathu anthu adzizoloŵera zotengera monga teyi, kapu kapena zakumwa zofewa. Koma anthu ochepa chabe amadziwa za mowa wambiri. Ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungachigwiritsire ntchito? Sayansi yamakonoyi ndi yophweka kwambiri. Zili ngati malonda: "Ingowonjezerani madzi!" Ndithudi, palibe chovuta. Pali njira ziwiri:

1. Thirani ufa mu chidebe choyera, ndikuwatsanulira ndi madzi omveka.

2. Thirani madzi muzakonzedwe chokonzekera, ndi kutsanulira gawo la ufa mkati mwake.

Mfundo, palibe kusiyana. Ndipo mu izo, ndipo mu nthawi ina zakumwa zomwezo zidzatha. Zosangalatsa kwambiri. Musagule hafu imodzi ya botolo la vodka kumwa kamodzi kokha. N'chifukwa chiyani kulipira zambiri? Kodi mungatani ndi ena onse a vodka?

Ndipo kodi zinthu zidzasintha bwanji mukagwiritsa ntchito mowa wambiri? Zidzakhala zotani: chuma chamtengo wapatali kapena mwayi wochepetsa kumwa mowa? Mwinamwake onse. Kapena, mwachitsanzo, mayiyu adapanga kuphika mkate. Pofuna kupatsa mikateyo, amafunikira magalamu 100 a ramu kapena cognac. Muzochitika zachilendo, iye amakakamizika kugula botolo lonse, ndipo izi, ndithudi, ndi zodula. Pogwiritsa ntchito malo owuma, mwini nyumbayo akhoza kuphika dessert yokoma ndipo nthawi imodzi amapezera ndalama. Kodi si phindu lanji?

Momwe mungapangire ufa wodalirika

Ambiri, akumbukira maphunziro apamwamba a sukulu, amatsimikiza kuti mowa woterewu sungapangidwe, chifukwa mowa wa ethyl umatentha kwambiri (-114.3 degrees Celsius). Kodi ufa wotere ungasungidwe bwanji mumkhalidwe wamba? Pano, supramolecular chemistry imathandizira. Ndi iye yemwe angathandize kumvetsa chomwe kwenikweni ndi mowa wothira. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zatsopanozi zikhoza kuimiridwa ndi mawonekedwe awiri: ethyl mowa ndi cyclodextrins. Kubwerera mu 1974, asayansi a ku America apereka chikalata chovomerezeka, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti molekyu ya mowa iike ngati kuti mu selo yopangidwa ndi gulu lina la chakudya, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzikhalitsa kuchokera ku starch wamba.

Pambuyo pake, akamagwirizana ndi madzi, ethylene molecule "imamasulidwa ku mitsempha" ndipo imayambitsa vutoli moledzeretsa. Ichi ndi chinsinsi chonse. Pali mantha kuti anthu ena angaganize kuti ayese kungowonjezera phulusa ili, motero akuwonjezera kuledzera kwake. Koma apa chirichonse sichidalira pa wopanga, koma wogula. Aliyense adziwonongera moyo wake ndi thanzi lake.

Kusiyana maganizo

Nthenda yotembenuka mtima yalandira dzina losazolowereka Palcohol. Kuchokera nthawi yomwe adakonzedweratu mpaka pano, mikangano yosagwirizanitsa yakhala ikuchitika mdziko. Ena amati kumwa mowa sikuti ndibwino kwambiri m'malo mwa zakumwa zamakono, koma ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'madera amenewa komanso malo omwe ntchitoyo imakhala yolemera kwambiri (zokopa alendo, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino). Komabe, otsutsa awo amanena kuti zonsezi sizongopeka poyerekeza ndi zoipa zomwe mankhwala atsopano amabweretsa kumtundu. Ndipotu, ufa wonunkhira, m'malo mwa chovala chimodzi, amatha kugula mwana, ndikugwiritsa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, popanda kusamba ndi madzi. Pankhaniyi, zotsatira zake zingakhale zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, thumba laling'ono likhoza kutengedwera mosavuta kumalo aliwonse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kumwa mowa sizingatheke. Anthu ayamba kumwa mowa paliponse. Ndipo ndi ubwino wanji womwe ukhoza kutsogolera gulu lakumwa? Mayiko ambiri amathandiza maganizo awa. Mwachitsanzo, Canada siinavomereze kugulitsa mankhwalawa m'dziko lawo lomwelo. Ena onse amatenga kuyembekezera ndi kuyembekezera. Mwinamwake chipangizo chatsopano sichiyenera kudzawonekera pa masamulo a masitolo? Nthawi idzaika zonse pamalo ake.