Kodi kuukitsa gawo la dziko ndi manja awo. Kutaya m'dera tikukonza ndi munda

Today wakunja kwatawuni yomanga kusiyana mwamphamvu kwambiri, funso amakhala okhudzidwa, komanso kupeza malo pomanga nyumba kapena m'nyumba. Koma nthawi zambiri, kotero kuti pamene pali phunziro osakwanira kwa mtunda eni akukumana ndi vuto, amene anasonyeza m'dera ili m'njira ziwiri. Izi zikhoza kuyambitsa mavuto a erection nyumba ndi makonzedwe a m'gawo. Komabe, kulimbana ndi n'zongochedwetsana zotheka ndi musanayambe kugwira ntchito, ayenera kukhala bwino ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri ya kuthetsa nkhani.

mitundu malo

Musanayambe adzakhala kukhuthula malo zomangamanga, ayenera kukhala bwino ndi mitundu ikuluikulu malo, iwo zingasiyane mu mbali za miyala ndi mtunda. Mwa iwo ayenera utoto

• Ndime pamwamba pa nyanja;
• m'madera pansi pa nyanja;
• mbali pansi pa nthaka;
• mbali pamwamba pa nthaka.

Pokambirana za malo, yomwe ili pamwamba pa nyanja, muyenera kukumbukira kuti kale inu dziko, limene lili mu m'mapiri kapena pa phiri. Zimenezi zimabweretsa ndalama yaikulu ya mpweya ndi pafupifupi otsika pachaka kutentha. Ntaka mu milandu podzol, mchenga kapena dothi, koma nthawi zina amapezeka podzolic chernozem ndi dothi Mbali yokhala ngati. Thandizo la malowa ndi lathyathyathya kapena mapiri. Zikatero, popanda zochotsa sangakhoze kuchita, ndi chifuniro kuthetsa noticeable maganizo.

Features kukwaniritsa ntchito pa gawo pansi pa nyanja

Musanayambe kulera mlingo wa malowo, muyenera kudziwa zinthu ziti ali. Iwo akhoza ili pansi pa nyanja, ndi yodziwika ndi bogs lalikulu. Nthawi zina, dera anapanga m'madambo mchere, koma dothi si choncho kawirikawiri ndi matope ndi yachonde. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, akatswiri musati amalangiza bwino kusiya kupeza gawo zoterozo, koma ayenera kuchita kulera mlingo kupewa osefukira wa chapansi pa nyumba ndi kupereka zinthu oyenera kulima masamba ndi mbewu horticultural.

Features kukwaniritsa ntchito pa gawo pansi pa nthaka

Musanayambe kukweza dziko ndi manja awo, muli kuliyendera. Iwo akhoza ili pansi pa nthaka. Kukwera Pankhaniyi nkhani, monga m'dera dzenje, ndipo izo kukhetsa madzi kuchokera zigawo pafupi. Mungathe kukumana ndi leaching nthaka ndi kuchepa moyo wa nyumba. zotsatira Kopweteka angathe kupereka mkulu mlingo wa pansi. Zimachitika kuti gawo dziko ili pamwamba pa nthaka. m'madera amenewo, pa Koyamba, zolakwa zawo, koma makolokoto mtunda Ngokhoza kulenga mavuto processing nthaka ndi m'manja mwa munda. Mwazina, kusuntha m'derali ndi mabvuto. Kulera mlingo gawo chofunika kwa kuwongola monyanyira.

Kufunika kukweza m'gawo

Musanayambe kukweza siteshoni mu dziko, muyenera mutidziwe bwino zimene zikusonyeza kufunika kwa ntchito imeneyi. Ngati kusiyana mlingo si monga chitaperekedwa ndiye mungayambe ndalama pochita ennoblement popanda kulera mlingo. Koma pali milandu yambiri komwe akatswiri amalangiza kuganiza za mpheto deta. Pakati pawo tiyenera kuunikila moyandikana a pansi, pamaso pa matendawa, kutchulidwa ndi okwera, malo a m'madera oyandikana ndi apamwamba kwambiri.

Ngati pansi bodza pafupi pamwamba, zingayambitse eutrophication, mmene wosanjikiza chapamwamba nthawi linasokoneza. Ngati gawo ali ndi matendawa, ndi okwera, yomanga kungakhale kovuta, ndipo zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kwa malo Mwachitsanzo, ku unsembe wa nyali, chodzala maluwa kapena masamba. Ngati madera pafupi zili pamwamba, izi zikutanthauza kuti mvula ndi madzi osefukira wachititsa zonse madzi stagnation.

Njira yothetsera vutoli

Ngati inu mungakweze funso mmene kulera gawo la dziko, tiyenera kuganizira njira wotchuka kwambiri kukwaniritsa ntchito imeneyi. Zochita likukhalira kuti matekinoloje pali ambiri, koma iwo onse asonyeza ku mbali yabwino. kusiyana awo kwagona kuti osankhidwa njira, malinga ndi okwera pa zomwe m'pofunika kukweza gawo. Ngati index si zoposa 30 cm, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito anatengedwa kuchokera ku mapiri ngati kunja kapena nthaka. kusindikiza zina ndi vibratory mbale ndipo zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo pamwamba chisanadze yotengedwa wosanjikiza chonde m'nthaka.

Ngati mtengo pamwamba kuposa 30 cm, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza kukonzekera, amene anawakonzera njira pawiri a miyala ndi mchenga. zigawo okwana chuma ayenera kukhala pakati omwe anayikidwa fetereza, ndi pamwamba pa wosanjikiza lachonde popanda imene zomera kukula sizingatheke. Musanayambe kukweza siteshoni mu dziko, muli kuganizila ngati izo zikanakhala pa izo pakapinga. Pankhaniyi, zinthu ayenera kulankhula ndi mwapadera. Ngati udzu mumapindula madzi pamaso kukweza nthaka ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti mkati pali wosanjikiza dothi. Apo ayi, ntchito sadzakhala kukwaniritsa zabwino, ngakhale madzi zili mobisa kwambiri.

Ngati inu anatsimikizira pamaso pa dongo, tiyenera muchisiye izo ndi kuchotsa mchenga. Anaika pamwamba pa nkhungu, ndiye chinyezi adzapita mosabvuta. Ngati m'dera pamwamba pa pamene udzu ndi ili, pali njira, ndipo akhala chifukwa cha m'dera osefukira ndi bwino kuchita kuukitsidwa kwa mlingo ndi nthaka ndi porous. Iwo akhoza kumachita monga mchenga mtsinje.

mavuto njira kukokoloka

Pofuna kuteteza kukokololoka kwa nthaka, udzu isagwe simenti pakhoma, amene kutalika ndi pakati pa masentimita 3 4. Koma kuya unsembe wa dongosolo mu nthaka sayenera upambana 20 cm. Ngati inu anatsimikiza kuti mobisa tebulo madzi pa akuya mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 1 mpaka 2 m, m'pofunika kusamalira pamaso pa dongosolo ngalande. Komanso anatsanulira mchenga kapena wosanjikiza pansi pa gawo pamene udzu ndi anabzala.

ntchito kukonzekera

Ngati mudzakhala kukhuthula malo, ndiye sitepe yoyamba ndi kugwira ntchito kukonzekera. Am'derali chithandizo ayenera bwino kuphunzira, umene kudziwa mtundu wa kuya nthaka ndi nthaka madzi malo. Nkofunika kudziwa komanso mmene pafupi zili madamu. Imathandiza kusunga m'madera oyandikana, iwo amafukula maenje kwa maziko a nyumba, anaika dongosolo ngalande kapena digs mabowo kwa posts mpanda. Choncho mudzatha kudziwa kuya kumene madzi bwino. Nkofunika kudziwa kolowera madzi uyenda, ndi kumene stagnates ndi ndipamene m'dera m'madambo. Pambuyo lathu alili ayenera kuyeretsa dera, kumasula izo ku mizu ya mitengo, udzu ndi zinyalala. Ndi zofunika kulola nthaka kukhazikika mu kwa mlungu umodzi, koma izo nzoona, ngati nyengo youma.

zida kukonzekera

Ngati mukuganizira mmene kulera gawo la dziko, sitepe yotsatira ndi kukonza zipangizo zofunika, kuphatikizapo:

• fosholo;
• payipi;
• zidebe;
• miyala;
• miyala;
• akututuma mbale;
• Kuyeza tepi;
• chingwe;
• rakes;
• mchenga;
• madzi;
• simenti;
• mlingo hydrostatic;
• konkire chosakanizira.

Ndipo kuti apange dera lathyathyathya pamwamba kuti ali otsetsereka pang'ono masentimita 3 pa mita, ayenera kuchita ntchito zotsatirazi. topsoil Choyamba chikutha Choncho ndikofunikira wofufuza pazipita 20 cm. nthaka aikidwa padera pamaso chokwanira. Ngati mayikidwe mlingo imagwiridwa kwanuko, kudutsa m'dera limene pamodzi wozungulira ndi kukhazikitsa zitalizitali matabwa awiri-mita mtunda ayenera therebetween. Pakati pa iwo anatambasula chingwe, umene kusintha mlingo wa nthaka, kuchotsa kapena kuwonjezera dothi pakati zitalizitali lapansi.

kutalika kuti ndi yunifolomu, ndi kuunikira kwa mlingo. Kutaya malo titero tiyenera kuyimitsidwa nadzaza matendawa, kapena dongo. Ngati kusiyana mlingo waukulu moti akhoza adzaikidwa mu zinyalala dzenje yomanga. zochita Komanso kudzadalira pa makulidwe a wosanjikiza kuti kuwonjezeka kulera mlingo. Ngati yotsirizira adzaukitsidwa ndi kutalika kwa zosaposa 30 cm, ndi kwa malo ndi dziko yaikidwa zigawo, makulidwe awo akhoza zimasiyana masentimita 5 mpaka 10.

Nditamaliza ndi stacking wa mzere umodzi ndi tikaumbike mbale vibratory, madzi ndi kumanzere kwa maola 24. Ndiye mukhoza chitani yotsatira wosanjikiza stacking. Ndondomeko mobwerezabwereza mpaka ndiye, mpaka mungathe kufika kutalika ankafuna. Nkofunika kuganizira makulidwe a wosanjikiza chisanadze pochotsa, amene anabwerera ku malo.

ayamikira katswiri

Phunziroli malo udzathiridwa mu osakaniza mchenga miyala, ngati thandizo kutali abwino lathyathyathya pamwamba, ndi kusiyana msinkhu ndi wamkulu kuposa 30 cm. The aligorivimu Pankhaniyi ali yemweyo, wosanjikiza makulidwe ayenera kukhala wolingana ndi za 5 cm. Mu pakati pa osavomerezeka kuyala fetereza, akuimira chisakanizo cha peat. Wosanjikiza, chomwe miyala ndi mchenga, ting'onoting'ono basi ndipo anachoka maola 24. Mu sitepe womaliza wa dziko kapena kutalika kwa zigawo osakaniza ayenera kukhala pamwamba mlingo akufuna, ndi chifukwa phunziroli ndi chinachepa. anakhala kudzadalira kuchuluka kwa mvula, makulidwe a zigawo ndi zinthu zina zambiri.

Kukhazikika a m'madera ambiri

Lowe dziko lalikulu akhoza limagwirizana ndi njira yapadera. Gawo loyamba atachotsedwa topsoil, mkulu anadula tokhala ndi backfilled ngalande. Mothandizidwa ndi bulldozer adzakhala agwirizane m'dera ndi mtunda kovuta pamene pali mabedi mitsinje, zigwembe ndiponso mapiri. Malowo ali pa siteji yotsatira ndi ankalima kawiri, kusunthira mu nkhani iyi, mu kotenga ndi yopingasa malangizo, ndiye ankachitira ndi malire mlimi, komanso kawiri. Chotsatira adzakhala chisindikizo ntchito mbiya ili la madzi. Pa chomaliza mbewu yofesedwa msipu n'kuwaza pansi. Kwezani gawo mchenga akhoza kukhala a sayansi chomwecho. padziko wopindidwa mbiya kachiwiri. zotsatira zabwino chingapezeke mwa dongosolo la dongosolo ngalande, zikhoza kuthetsa osefukira m'dziko, pakuti padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa anakumba ngalande, otsetsereka amene ayenera zopanda za 4 cm pa mita.

Gwiritsirani ntchito chomenyedwa

Kutaya malo chomenyedwa, ngakhale anapanga, koma kawirikawiri ndithu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chuma nyumba ndi ndalama zambiri mkulu. mtengo wake ndi za maulendo 3 kuposa mchenga ndi nthawi 5 mtengo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zinyalala ndi. Ngati kufanizitsa mtengo ndi mitengo ya dothi ndi nthaka wakuda, miyala ndalama zina 2 mtengo kwambiri kuposa aliyense wa zinthuzi. Ngakhale kuti ntchito makhalidwe, pali ubwino, ambiri a eni malo wakunja kwatawuni weniweni amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga kapena dothi.

Mtengo wa mchenga

Mchenga, amene mtengo 250-380 rubles. pa mita kiyubiki, izo amagwiritsidwanso kwa kukhuthula. Komabe, si oyenera malo malo, ayenera kuonedwa isanayambe ntchito, chifukwa iwo adzakhala ntchito kwambiri ndi buku, koma kenako kukhala chopinga mbeu.

Pomaliza

Kutaya m'dera akhoza ikuchitika osati ndi mchenga ndi nthaka, komanso tchipisi nkhuni ndi khungwa. Kumbali ya m'maganizo a zinthuzi ndi bwino, koma iwo sangakhoze nthawizonse kutchedwa othandiza. Ngati m'dera lonse kudzaza tchipisi kapena makungwa, kuti njira imeneyi sitinganene kuti molondola. Nthawi zina pansi yaikidwa pa kutumphuka, koma mu nkhani iyi makungwa mukhoza kuyamba kuvunda, ndi njira izi ndi onse adzapita mofulumira mu nthaka. Pankhaniyi, wosanjikiza chapamwamba zomera chonde adzakhala oyenera chodzala okha Patapita zaka zingapo, pamene makungwa kwathunthu peregniet mu wosanjikiza wa. Choncho, njira zina zothetsera kusamvana kwa deta, komanso mchenga, mtengo umene ndi mkulu mokwanira, inu simungakhoze zonse adzatchedwa yoyenera.