Kodi mfundo "boma chikhalidwe"? Akamanena za boma moyo

Lero ndi funso lofunika kwambiri ndi tanthauzo la "boma chikhalidwe". Tikukhala mu nthawi imene kukhazikitsa mfundo zake si zotheka komanso zofunikira. Nanga boma moyo? Dziwani izi.

Lingaliro kwambiri a "boma chikhalidwe" mfundo (khalidwe), kutanthauza za lamulo lalikhulu ladziko ndipo malamulo. Iye anaganiza kuti Constitution la amatitsimikizira ndi zachuma ufulu ndi kumasulika, komanso maudindo chogwirizana, zomwe zimatengera pa. Moyo boma - boma kuti ali kutumikira anthu, amayesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti kusiyana chikhalidwe amachepa kapena inathetsedwa kwathunthu.

Kodi Russia boma chikhalidwe?

The Russian Constitution amayankha zabwino funso limeneli. Lembali limati dziko lathu ndi boma chikhalidwe. Ndipo lingaliro la "boma chikhalidwe" zikutanthauza kuti mfundo umalimbana kukonza malo amene ufulu chitukuko cha anthu ndi yolemekezeka aliyense kukhala mana. Choncho, Russia anachita ichi.

Enshrined mu Constitution la ntchito boma

Bwino mfundo ya "boma chikhalidwe" ndi chofunikira ake, ife akusonyeza kuti dziŵani ndi udindo wake ndinagona pansi mu Russian malamulo. Ena mwa iwo ndi izi:

- kuteteza umoyo ndi ntchito anthu;

- kukhazikitsa malipilo yochepa amene adzaperekedwa;

- awonetsetse kuti banja, ali mwana, makolo, anthu okalamba ndi olumala boma thandizo;

- kukhala dongosolo analipo a yothandiza;

- kwa anthu kukhazikitsa phindu penshoni boma ukutitsimikizira ena zotchinjiriza moyo.

Chikhalidwe ndi cholinga cha mtundu chikhalidwe cha boma

Kugwirizanitsa anthu, mitundu, magulu chikhalidwe onse, ogwirizana ndi mfundo inayake ya "anthu wamba" ndicho mtundu chitukuko cha boma. Moyo boma - boma lomwe cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa chitetezo ndi zofuna za anthu onse. Inamangidwa pa kuzindikira zofuna yovomerezeka, kumasulikha ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe, amene ankamuona ngati mtengo wapatali kwambiri.

Moyo boma - ndi bungwe landale woimira Institute umalimbana gulu la anthu onse, woyenera aliyense moyo kuteteza ufulu, ufulu ndi zofuna za anthu onse ndi mzika. Ndi chida kuthetsa mikangano ndi mikangano onse m'dzikoli ndi kunja. Ichi chitanthauza chiyani "boma chikhalidwe".

Iwo umakhudza mwambo wa chilamulo. Only lamulo, ndiye m'modzi amene kale njira kwa lamulo, akhoza kukhala chikhalidwe. Popeza m'ma 90s. m'njira imeneyi, pa dzanja limodzi, kufalitsa malingaliro owolowa manja, koma winayo - udindo chikhalidwe cha boma ndi zofuna opangidwa ndi anthu poyerekezera ndi mfundo zachikhalidwe, kuchuluka, malingaliro atsopano anayamba kupanga za mtundu timasamala ndi boma. Moyo boma - boma kuti tsopano kuoneka ngati limagwirira kochotsa zotsutsana pakati pa zolinga chikhalidwe ndi malamulo a msika. Izi ndi khalidwe lofunika kwambiri kwa iye.

Kusiyidwa udindo paternalistic

Moyo boma, mosiyana otchedwa "moyo boma", lero amamuchititsa kusiya ntchito paternalistic. Chinali cholinga, kuthetsa wodalira. Moyo boma - boma kuti amakhala ndi chilakolako kulenga zinthu yabwino kwa kampani mwa chuma msika, ndi chikhalidwe olaula.

periodization a chitukuko

Zinayambira Mu 90s. m'dziko lathu nthawi angatchedwe siteji ya owolowa manja boma moyo. Pali mitundu zotsatirazi wa iwowa:

- Socialist (s 70s kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi m'ma 30 zaka 20);

- malamulo boma chikhalidwe (ku 30s kuti mapeto a 40s kwa zaka za m'ma 20);

- boma la yothandiza (mapeto a 40s wa - 60s Mu zaka zapitazo);

- ubwino boma (mochedwa 50s - m'ma 80s);

- siteji ya mavuto ndi kuonongeka kwa moyo boma (80s - m'ma 90s);

- ndi owolowa manja moyo boma (kuyambira cha m'ma 1990s kwa lino).

Zizindikiro za boma moyo

Kupangidwa zaka zoposa 100 ndife chidwi kudziwa mfundo muli, zosiyanasiyana awo mukagwiritsidwe, yochepa ya zizindikiro chosatha. The woyamba alipo anthu onse a anthu a anzawo a boma. The chachiwiri - chikhalidwe malamulo a ndondomeko boma chikhalidwe, ufulu wake zonse ndi kulamulira njira chikhalidwe. Pa ntchito yofanana malamulo si kuti zonse chikhalidwe njira, komanso kuti mphamvu ufulu chikhalidwe nzika. boma chikhalidwe udindo. Wachitatu zonse Mbali - pamaso pa ubwino bajeti chikhalidwe. Chachinayi - pamaso pa dongosolo boma ntchito zotchinjiriza moyo zodzitetezera pa umoyo wake. Chachisanu - kuzindikira udindo wake kwa mlingo wa moyo wa nzika. Moyo boma - boma imene onse zizindikiro izi alipo.

ndondomeko chikhalidwe

mfundo Social - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zida waukulu ntchito kukhazikitsa boma chikhalidwe. Ubale wa yotsirizira nazo kwenikweni akuwonetseredwa mu momwe kwambiri ndi kwathunthu akuchita mfundo zachikhalidwe, komanso mmene izo zimanyezimiritsa zofuna ndi zosowa za nzika. Motero, boma moyo - ndi pamene mfundo za mchitidwe mfundo chikhalidwe.

malangizo ake ndi kukwaniritsa zotsatira ndi zolinga zokhudzana patsogolo chitukuko ndi chuma umoyo wa nzika, kuwongolera moyo wa anthu ndi kukwaniritsa mkhalidwe wa bata ndale komanso, kuteteza zikamera wa matumba a izo mavuto chikhalidwe.

ntchito

Kotero, ife anayankha funso: "?" "Kodi mfundo" boma chikhalidwe. Tsopano tiyeni tione ntchito kuti ali. Ponena za amene muyenera kuganizira zinthu zotsatirazi:

- ubwino boma lili ndi zinthu zonse za miyambo dziko lililonse;

- chikangoperekedwa zomwe zili kufunika kwake ambiri chikhalidwe, kotero postulates, ndi miyambo, refracted mwa prism mwa zolinga ndi zolinga za boma moyo;

- tingaone monga mbali ya ntchito pachisangalalo ndi njira zina zomwe polojekiti inadzachitika boma moyo.

Makamaka otsiriza zikuphatikizapo:

- umoyo ndi chitetezo cha anthu;

- thandizo magulu a anthu amene ali pabwino ovutika;

- kuthandiza makolo, achibale ubwana;

- kuwongola kudzera ndalama kusokonekera lochitira ena;

- kulimbikitsa chikondi neri Al.

"Munthu" gawo

Sikuti wandale komanso za chuma komanso makhalidwe mapangidwe boma chikhalidwe. Kumafuna "anthu" gawo. Zizindikiro za boma ndi awa:

- gulu demokalase kachitidwe mphamvu;

- mkulu makhalidwe a anthu, ndipo akuluakulu - makamaka;

- angathe wamphamvu zachuma, amene amalola kuti njira zosiyanasiyana umalimbana kusokonekera ndalama, nthawi yomweyo alibe kwambiri maganizo a malo eni;

- pa lathu zokhudza malamulo a boma, lomwe kumaonekera chitukuko cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana chikhalidwe ndi kusankha awo kukhazikitsa ndi ena.

Zopinga pabwere ya boma chikhalidwe mu Russia

1. Dziko lathu sakupeza chithandizo chokwanira m'chilamulo, ndi mu Russia boma chikhalidwe simungati muzidalira pa maziko ake. Tidalenga si monga mu West, siteji latsopano limene chikuchitika mu chitukuko ulamuliro wake wa malamulo.

2. The Russian "pakati wosanjikiza" eni ake adakali osati anakhazikitsa. Ku phwando boma chuma privatized zokha, pafupifupi chilichonse anapita ambiri a dziko lathu.

3. Mu Russia, palibe mphamvu chuma chofunika kugwiritsa miyeso umalimbana kusokonekera ndalama, ngakhale kwambiri kunyengerera ndi kudziyimira pawokha ndi ufulu wa eni.

4. Mu dziko lathu akadali sunathetse okhawo mitundu zambiri zofunikira malonda ndi kupanga. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti palibe mpikisano weniweni.

5. Palinso palibe okhwima, anayamba anthu wamba.

6. The mlingo wa anthu Russian makhalidwe abwino yafupika, pafupifupi wataya awathandize ofanana ndi chilungamo. Mothandizidwa ndi andale "akatswiri" ndi ideologues, ndi TV ananena mu chikumbumtima anthu zimawononga m'mbali kuti zachuma ndi ndale ali osayenerana ndi makhalidwe abwino.

7. ndale alipo mu Russia, ndi mapulogalamu bwino chikhalidwe mulibe.

8. ndondomeko yomenyera ndi phukusi la dziko la anthu Russian yafupika ndi udindo chikhalidwe la dziko la inertia. Kuti, anthu wagwa mu kwambiri ena, ndi nzika za lakhala ndi mphamvu msika ndekha.

9. anthu enieni, pali zolinga zenizeni, palibe dongosolo dongosolo amoyo amene mwasayansi umboni.

Ngakhale kuti panali mavuto amenewa, njira yokha chitukuko m'dziko lathu a anthu ufulu Umutu ndi boma la Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe. Izi nkhawa osati Russia, komanso mayiko ena onse.

Choncho, mwaphunzira kuti tanthauzo la "boma chikhalidwe". nkhani zimakambidwa kuphunzira nkhani monga sayansi ndale ndi jurisprudence. Pa yobereka za mayeso maphunziro chikhalidwe ndi kukhala ndi chithunzithunzi cha mmene boma moyo. Mfundo imeneyi iyenera Choncho kudziwa nzika iliyonse.