Kodi ntchito. Tanthauzo la polojekiti, zizindikiro zake ndi makhalidwe

njira Project ofotokoza kukwaniritsa zolinga zake chimathandiza:

1) Phatikizani kwambiri kaamba ka zolinga za kampani, kupeza zomwe n'zotheka m'tsogolo.

2) pulani ochiza Kugawilidwa kwanthaka chuma.

3) ntchito zochita za anthu ndi asangalatsi.

polojekiti ndi chiyani? tanthawuzo

Mawu "ntchito» (projectus) anamasuliridwa ku Latin monga "chabwino, retractable patsogolo oumbidwa". Ndipo ngati inu kusewera kumbuyo mawu kwa lotanthauzira mawu a Oxford, ife kupeza: "bwino anakonza chiyambi cha malonda, ineyo analengedwa ndi kampani kapena ntchito olowa chofunika kuti akwanilitse zolinga zenizeni." Ngati ndinu yankho izi mwatsatanetsatane, ndiye ikugwiridwira - ndi:

• kampeni (kapena mndandanda wa zochita motsatizana), womwe vuto adzathetsedwa mafunso ena kapena ikuchitika lingaliro wanzeru;

• chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa nthawi ntchito, popanda lomwe polojekiti yanu kudzakhala kovuta, ndi tanthauzo la zolinga zofunika;

• ntchito yochepa kuchitika m'njira yake ndi kutsegula kwa wina kuchuluka kwa chuma;

• case, akamaliza amene ali ofanana kuti apeze mukufuna;

• nthawi yochepa ndi chuma, akonzedwa a khama kapena chochitika pafupi ndi chandamale (ntchito yonse imene mwapadera analengedwa kuti atumikre bungwe lotero);

• mndandanda wa zinthu nthawi yake, kukhazikitsa Izi zidzapangitsa kuti kupambana umodzi chifukwa zolondola; Monga ulamuliro, zonsezi Cholinga chake kusintha Mkhalidwe kapena chitukuko cha mankhwala atsopano (utumiki);

• popularization ndi structuring wa malingaliro angapo ndi kutifotokozera zolinga ntchito amene ali mbali ya ntchito yaikulu, kukhazikitsa anzake a mapulani osiyanasiyana kanthu (zinthu);

• kamangidwe ka ntchito motsatizana, kukhazikitsa zomwe kukwaniritsa ena mwa zotsatira mu nthawi yayitali;

• mwatsatanetsatane nkhani ya ntchito zomwe zinakonzedwa ndi nthawi yeniyeni ndi m'mikhalidwe yeniyeni, cholinga chimene - kusintha zinthu m'tsogolo;

• chochitika zofuna yokonza ndondomeko zambiri ndi kupereka mndandanda wa ntchito umalimbana kusintha mu zinthu zilili;

• amalota limagwirira limene akhoza anazindikira m'tsogolo, kenako lonena kunja kuno kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo kwa kudzikonda;

• kuphunzira phunziro chidwi pano chifukwa cha kukafola ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito m'tsogolo.

Ndi mitundu ntchito mukhoza kukhala munthu (mwachitsanzo, chitukuko cha webusaiti munthu) kapena osauka, mphamvu anthu kusintha (nthawizina - kupitirira kuzindikira).

mbali

The ntchito, zomwe ndi wapadera chizindikiritso, otchedwa luso kapena zachilendo. Ndipo ngati inu mulibe kubwereza kuphedwa (kapena safuna kuti zikhoza kuyankhulidwa nthawi) Msikiti polojekiti posachedwapa, umatchedwa munthu wolemera.

Ngati Mapeto ayenera analandira mu timeframe anakonzeratu Choncho, ofala ikugwiridwira - malire nthawi. Ndipo pamene kugwiritsa ntchito mu moyo amafuna nawo akatswiri ochokera minda osiyana, ntchito tanthauzo akhoza "woyenera" mawu amodzi - Interdisciplinarity.

kuopsa

Kuopsa ndi zovuta mu kapangidwe ndi kasamalidwe ka polojekiti uka makamaka kukachitika kuti mavuto amenewa sikunathetse. Riskiness polojekiti zimadalira ukulu ndi zida ndikukhazikitsa (kupezeka kwa zofunika zida, zida ndi zipangizo). ngozi zambiri, mwachitsanzo, kumakhala polojekiti ndalama, kutanthauzira zinthu zimene sindingathe kukhala popanda kudziwa zofunika.

Ndalama za ntchito ndalama

Ndalama m'banja kapena kudzikonda ndalama ikuchitika likuvutika kampani - woyambitsa wa ntchito ndipo amapereka ndalama ya ndalama lenileni la ma sheya hoda. Komanso salamulidwa zingatheke ntchito phindu ukonde wa kumalo a ntchito, komanso zopereka damper, ndi mapangidwe likulu ndi mosamalitsa akulimbana. Mtundu wa ndalama zimatheka ngati ntchito yaing'ono.

Tanthauzo la polojekiti, ndalama zolipirira kunja:

1) ndalama Zowonekera kunja kungakhale pa ndalama za boma, chuma ndipo sanali ndalama mabizinezi, anthu, ndalama zakunja ndi ndalama zina pa kutaya oyambitsa lapansi.

2) kukhazikitsidwa ndi magawo.

3) Investment banki ndi chuma ngongole.

kuchepetsa zinthu

Aliyense ntchito tichipeza zinthu zitatu Kuchepetsa:

• Nthawi. Bwino kuwerengera nthawi ya polojekiti, ndi luso vuto lagawidwa nyumba zingatipunthwitse, ndipo kenako amapenda "podomnost 'kuchuluka kwa ntchito fanizirani zotsatira zawo ndi zimene zinachitikira kutukula bwino.
• Resources. Mwachitsanzo, anthu chuma: kasamalidwe ndodo, tanthauzo la ntchito ya polojekiti ntchito luso lawo.
• Zotsatira. The zigawo zikuluzikulu za chinthu ichi ndi izi: viability chuma, malonda aluso mtengo-mogwira mtima, bwana ntchito ndi asangalatsi akatswiri.

kamangidwe pulogalamu

Poona ntchito za bungwe lirilonse lili pafupi Sizotheka kudziwa mitundu iwiri chifungulo cha ntchito zake, alipo pa nthawi yomweyo:

• otchedwa "chizolowezi" ndi ntchito mobwerezabwereza kapena ndikupeleka;

• ntchito.

Kusiyana waukulu pakati mitundu iwiri ya ntchito - cyclical chikhalidwe cha njira obwerezabwereza, ndi subordination za mapulani konkire kanthu umalimbana kukwaniritsa chifukwa wapadera.

Mwachitsanzo, opangira popanga magalimoto, conveyors ntchito shopu anapezazo mlandu ndi processing makalata zokhudzana kumatchula ntchito. wotuluka chosatha yodziwika ndi digiri mwachilungamo yaikulu ya ndithu, ndipo amafuna njira mwadongosolo, zomwe cholinga chake - kuonjezera kupanga dzuwa maofesi alipo komanso zida.

Tanthauzo la polojekiti lolunjika pa kukhazikitsa kusintha mkati kapena kunja, ndi Mwachitsanzo, mu chilengedwe cha zosintha latsopano, retrofitting conveyors kapena kukhazikitsa makina atsopano makina. kusintha kunja zikugwirizana yokopa malonda, ukugwirizana ntchito gulu la kusintha timakhala msika. N'zotheka, makamaka, onani yofanana zotsatirazi:

• Ntchito Mgwirizanowu mapangidwe (ziŵalo kumalo a ntchito, luso ndi zina zotero);

• ntchito malonda mapangidwe (chitukuko kafukufuku kupanga mankhwala atsopano, mapangidwe mumaganiza mwapang'onopang'ono, kupeza misika sankadziwika);

• ntchito mapangidwe (limodzi) zomangamanga (inakonzedwa kukonza, m'malo zida ndi zina zotero);

• ma pulani a bizinesi akuyendera pansi mgwirizanowo (anapereka zoyambirira kapena unpresentable kupanga zomangira potumikira choyambirira).

mndandanda akhoza anapitiriza, ngati inu kuphatikiza ndi zitsanzo osiyana mafakitale kusiyana kwambiri ukulu wa ntchito, deadlines, chiwerengero cha antchito ndi tanthauzo la zotsatira.

Muziganizira kupeza zotsatira

Cholinga cha ntchito iliyonse - kupeza chifukwa yeniyeni kuti, zolinga. Cholinga yeniyeni - kuti ndi anakopa polojekiti.

Tanthauzo la polojekiti kumafuna kuphedwa kwa ntchito modalirana. Ntchito umalimbana zolinga, anapatsidwa kwambiri tanthauzo zotithandiza awo kukhazikitsa. Mbali yoyamba ya kasamalidwe ntchito - zolondola mtima ndiponso chiphunzitso cha zolinga, kuyambira pamwamba mlingo kutsiriza ndi chiphunzitso mwatsatanetsatane za zolinga zofunika kwenikweni.

Komanso, ntchito Tingaone monga sitepe ndi sitepe kukwaniritsa kwambiri momveka bwino zing'onozing'ono ndi kupititsa ake - mmene kukwaniritsa zolinga zazikulu. polojekiti imatengedwa wathunthu pokhapokha akamafika cholinga chachikulu.

Kodi mbiri ya ntchito

Chachuma (mbiri) - magulu ntchito (mapulogalamu), ogwirizana ndi cholinga chimodzi kuti ulamuliro wabwino ndi bwino. Kukolola ntchito mu mbiri akhoza cholukanalukana, osati chokhala cholinga ambiri ndipo tilipo paokha.