Ovuta njira njira. Tili Njira - ndichiyani?

kasamalidwe Project kale mbali ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kwa malonda a akalumikidzidwa ndi makulidwe. Chotero dongosolo kasamalidwe ntchito kumapangitsanso mphamvu ya kupanga ndi kulamulira khalidwe pamisinkhu onse a mkombero kupanga. Pakati zosiyanasiyana za lonse njira ndi zipangizo kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti, makamaka wotchuka njira ya "njira yapadera" amene mfundo mukupemphedwa kuti tione mwatsatanetsatane.

ndi kasamalidwe Kodi ntchito?

Ambiri matanthauzo a "ntchito" ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana: ndi nthawi-okha ya zochita zogwirizana kukwaniritsa wapadera cholinga chake mtundu. Wapadera, nthawi ndi mipherezero atathana - ndicho chimene chimasiyanitsa ntchitoyi kuchokera ntchito kampani.

kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti ndi wochitachita kasamalidwe dera njira yake ndi zida.

Mwa magawo onse a kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti ndikupeza pachimake: mwambo mapulani, kukhazikitsa ndi kutsiriza. Mu nkhani iyi, ntchito mapulani - mmodzi wa magawo kwambiri. Mwa chimango ake ndi mapangidwe mipherezero zikuluzikulu za nthawi ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito anachita. Sitepe kumafuna ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo: okhutira, nthawi, bajeti ndi ntchito pachiswe.

Gawo kasamalidwe kwa gawo mapulani amachita ntchito yeniyeni ndi mapangidwe chinsinsi kuneneratu chiwembu cha zochita za anthu onse ntchito gulu.

mapulani Network: ikuyandikira chachikulu

zopezera mapulani njira amagwira osauka kuyambira 1950s lapansi. Zimatengera chilengedwe cha ntchito chitsanzo chimene angachite chidzakhudza ubale pakati pa miyambo ya unyolo wonse kupanga ndi kuti kuganizira zinthu za nthawi, mtengo ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu.

Network zithunzi otchedwa kuwonetsera mawonekedwe a tsatanetsatane zinthu zina ntchito ndi kusinkhasinkha za ubale pakati pa iwo ndi zofooka (nthawi, gwero kupezeka ndi zina zotero.). Zikuoneka Zithunzi izi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a tebulo kapena tchati, amene amasonyeza makhalidwe a polojekiti.

Nthawizina pomanga ndandanda maukonde sizitheka molondola kudziwa nthawi iliyonse ntchito. Malinga chinthu ichi, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu kwa kuwerengetsa ndandanda maukonde. Loyamba anayamba ndi njira anafotokoza - njira yovuta, kusonyeza chifukwa mu ziyenera bwino nthawi ya ntchito. Achikulire zitsulo ntchito njira PERT chikukhudza kuwerengetsa Mwina makhalidwe nthawi ya ntchito.

Mu njira onse, ntchito njira yapadera: ndi mawerengedwe a nthawi zake, ndi tanthauzo la ntchito m'gulu izo.

Zinthu zazikulu za ntchito zopezera ndandanda

The kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti ndi zambiri amachita Network kukonzekera bwino, kotero tsopano pali ya mitundu ngati chintchito.

zinthu zachikhalidwe za ndandanda maukonde ndi kugwira ntchito ndi zochitika.

Ntchito ndi chomwenso ndi mivi, komanso 'kukhala' pa chochitika wina ndi mzake.

Ntchito (kapena wotuluka), zofuna nthawi ndi chuma, wotchedwa weniweni, ndi ubale zochitika amene alibe amafuna kanthu kwenikweni (mwachitsanzo, ndi chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe koyenera kuti chiyambi cha ntchito yotsatira, amene sikutanthauza nthawi zina kapena ogwira ntchito), - fictitious. Amatchulanso chiyembekezo monga mtundu osiyana ntchito kuti zimatenga nthawi, koma afunika chuma (mwachitsanzo, munthuyo nawo ntchito imeneyi).

Events - ichi ndi chifukwa, amaimira bwalo (kapena zina chatsekedwa zojambula chithunzi). Payokha kudziŵa chochitika koyamba (opanda ntchito m'mbuyomu, ntchito chiyambi) ndi kutsiriziratu (mapeto a polojekiti).

ndandanda yokha zikuoneka ngati Intaneti imene mfundo imakonzedwa zochitika zokhudza ntchito kusonyeza makhalidwe chachikulu.

njira

Akamanena za njira lili mu yapadera njira masovedwe cha kutalika kwambiri yaitali ntchito ntchito unyolo, kuchokera koyamba kuti chomaliza.

Tili njira - osati maukonde, koma nthawi yaitali. nthawi wake pang'ono pokha limafanana ndi nthawi wofunikila kuphedwa kwa ntchito zonse ntchito (kuphatikizapo ntchito yomweyi).

Njira yapadera nthawi zambiri molakwika amatchedwa yayifupi - sizowona. chisokonezo ndi chifukwa chakuti kutalika kwa njira yapadera lilibe chakudya (katundu) nthawi, i.e. lililonse ntchito zikumuyendera akuyamba pa akamaliza amene m'mbuyomu. Komabe, n'kotheka woyang'anira ntchito akuyesera kuchepetsa kutalika ichi ndi kuwonjezeka kapena reallocating chuma (mwachitsanzo chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito).

njira yovuta njira ntchito ikukhudza mawerengedwe a magawo a zochitika ndi ntchito iliyonse ya ndandanda maukonde payokha. Kuchita kawirikawiri ntchito yapadera mankhwala mapulogalamu kuchepetsa nthawi iterations zonse zofunikira kwa masekondi angapo. Izo sikutanthauza maphunziro apadera ndi maphunziro owonjezera. Komabe, kwa kusanthula zina za ndandanda maukonde ofunika akuyendayenda ndi kuwerengetsera ukutchulidwa pansipa.

Mawerengedwe a nthawi oyambirira maukonde ndandanda wa zochitika

Oyambirira akuti Zokwaniritsa zochitika Trudy - nthawi zofunika kumalizidwa kwa onse amagwira asanayambe mwambo pansi kulingalira.

zochitika zoyambirira isanayambike nthawi TR (i) ndi masamu koyamba (kuyamba) kuti chomaliza (mapeto) chochitika motere:

• chifukwa kuyambitsa mwambo (kuyamba): Tp (s) = 0;
• pakuti zochitika zina i: TR (i) = Max [TR (i) + T (k, i)], kumene T (k, i) - nthawi ya opaleshoni (k, i), ine m'gulu chochitika.

Choncho, kuwerengera nthawi oyambirira a mwambo, muyenera kudziwa chimene ntchito zina mu chochitika ichi, ndi n'kutsamira nthawi pamene panali chochitika yapita ndi nthawi ya ntchito akutuluka ndi m'gulu chochitika mu funso. Kuyambira limanena izi ndi kusankha wamkulu.

Tanthauzo thupi la njira kuti mpaka ntchito yonse inatha, yoperekedwa kwa chochitika makamaka, izo sizifika pochitika. Mwachitsanzo, mu chochitika, "Chiyerekezo" zikuphatikizapo zinthu zitatu kufanana-kuthamanga: mawerengedwe a mtengo wa ntchito, mawerengedwe a mtengo wa zida, mawerengedwe a pamwamba. Aliyense kanthu kumatenga mosiyanasiyana nthawi, malingana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (yapita zochitika). Pambuyo kuwerengetsa nthawi pamene aliyense wa atatu ntchito udzatha, tingadziwire nthawi ya kukwaniritsidwa kwa zochitika, "Ziwerengero" - ndiyo nyengo zitatu zaposachedwapa, ndiye pamene ntchito zonse zitatu kuti zikadzachitika. Kale chochitika akuti "Ziwerengero" sanabwere. Choncho, yaikulu ya limanena za amusankha.

Magawo oyambirira zambiri ili kumanzere mu mabwalo a zochitika.

The mawerengedwe a mawu zaposachedwapa cha zipambano za maukonde ndandanda wa zochitika

Kenako tsiku zikayenda zochitika TN - ndi nthawi imene n'zotheka kuzengereza nthawi popanda kusokoneza ntchito lonse.

Kuzipeleka mochedwa zochitika TR (i) mopitirira ku chomaliza (mapeto) kuti poyamba pa (kuyamba) motere:

• zochitika chomaliza (mapeto): T (f) = TR (f);
• kwa onse ena i: T (i) = Mph [T (j) - T (i, j)], kumene T (i, j) - nthawi ya (i, j), kusiya zochitika i.

Choncho, kuwerengera nthawi zaposachedwapa, m'pofunika kudziwa zimene ntchito tuluka mwa mwambo umenewu, ndi kupeza nthawi kusiyana pakati pa zosayembekezereka wa zochitika wotsatira ndi nthawi ya ntchito, mkati ndi kunja kwa izo. m'pofunika kusankha wamng'ono kusiyana analandira. Mu mawu ena, mawu anafotokoza kuti mwagwira oyambirira a zochitika m'pofunika kuchita mawerengedwe a zosiyaniratu.

Tanthauzo thupi la njira ndi magawo ina ya zochitika tiyeni inu yesezera dongosolo dera ntchito pafupi zotheka kwa unakhazikitsidwa mu sitepe yapita oyambirira tsiku (pambuyo pake) tsiku akamaliza ntchitoyo. Kuti ndi mfundo imeneyi kudzasonyeza mmene mukhoza "kumangitsa" ntchito popanda kusokoneza tsiku lomaliza kwa akamaliza ntchito.

nyengo zina zambiri ili mu mabwalo a zochitika.

Mawerengedwe a nkhokwe ya zochitika

kuwerengetsera The akutsatiridwa mbali ziwiri cholinga chofuna kudziwa kuti nkhokwe kwa kanthawi - nkhokwe za nthawi. Iyi ndi nthawi malire, zomwe ungachedwetsedwe (anachedwa) kugoletsa chochitika zochepa popanda kuswa ntchito kumapeto tsiku. Iwo limanenedwa ngati kusiyana T ndi Tp: R = T - TR.

Njira (yovuta njira) zikuphatikizapo mawerengedwe a ndandanda maukonde opangidwa zochitika zofanana magawo.

The mawerengedwe aligorivimu

Mawerengedwe a yovutayi njira ntchito ndandanda maukonde tichipeza magawo angapo omwe zagwiridwa ndi mitunduyi pamwambapa. kuwerengetsera The likhoza kupangidwa ndi zinthu aliyense wa ndandanda maukonde.

Njira mawerengedwe:

1. Magawo oyambirira a ntchito chochitika / ntchito
2. Kuzipeleka mochedwa ntchito ya zochitika / ntchito.
3. MAKONZEDWE zochitika / ntchito.
4. Tanthauzo la ntchito ndi zochitika m'gulu njira yapadera chifukwa cha polojekiti.

Kale mu gawo 1 aligorivimu umadziwika kutalika kwa njira yapadera chifukwa cha polojekiti. Ndi oyambirira (pambuyo pake) tsiku kuphedwa chochitika chomaliza.

Ntchito m'gulu m'buku lino, n'zosavuta kuwerengera kwa ziro ntchito malo ndi zochitika. Musaiwale kuti njira yapadera ya mwambowu koyamba limayamba komanso limatha ndi chochitika chomaliza cha polojekiti mosalekeza.

N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kuphunzira njira yapadera?

mapulani Project Mulimonsemo zikuphatikizapo mawerengedwe a kutalika kwa njira yapadera ya ndandanda maukonde. Khalidwe limeneli limasonyeza yachangu zotheka nthawi akamaliza chenicheni cha ntchito zonse m'gulu polojekiti. Koma kwambiri ndi mtima wa ntchito zimenezi.

Kuti ndi ovuta ntchito njira amafunika chisamaliro chapadera kwa bwana ntchito ndi gulu lake. Ndipotu, ntchito izi mulibe nkhokwe aliyense! Iwo sangakhoze omangika ndi kusokoneza deadlines kukwaniritsidwa kwa chochitika chomaliza, mwinamwake tsiku lomaliza la akamaliza ntchito zonse (kutalika kwa yovuta njira) kusintha, umene ndi zotsatira zoipa. Pofuna kuchepetsa mavuto ngati polojekiti, pamene ndandanda Nthaŵi zambiri oyang'anira chongopeka kuwonjezera nthawi analola kuti aphedwe ntchito zina kuti adzawapatse zone gawo lotetezedwa pa contingencies ndi kuchedwa. A gawo lotetezedwa zosakhalitsa asanafike m'pofunika kukhala zigawo yayenda ntchito maukonde kuchepetsa Mwina kulephera kwa deadlines.

The njira anafotokoza - njira yapadera - ndi ngodya ya mawu kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti. N'zosavuta ntchito ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa nthawi ndi kuzindikira mbali kwambiri unyolo wa ntchito iliyonse, ngakhale pa mlingo banja.