Zofunika otaya mu mmene kukumana: mwachidule, makhalidwe, mitundu ndi ziwembu

Zofunika otaya - chinthu zofunika kafukufuku, kasamalidwe ndi kukhathamiritsa wa mmene kukumana. Ndi kayendedwe ka chuma mkati mwa ogwira ntchito ndi kupitirira.

Mmene kukumana zinthu otaya - njira yokonza ndi kusamalira ndondomeko pa siteji iliyonse ya ulimi kuti azipeza phindu lalikulu.

Mitundu ya otaya mmene kukumana zakuthupi

Pali classifications angapo a zolowa za katundu. Woyamba amakhala ndi chiŵerengero dongosolo logistic. Pamafunikanso mitundu itatu utuluke:

• Muzifunsa;
• linanena bungwe;
• mkati;
• maonekedwe.

Woyamba ndi mtsinje umene walowa mu dongosolo mwa kundipatsako kwa chilengedwe kunja. Izo ndi chimafotokozera chilinganizo zotsatirazi: Uwerenge otaya zinthu, anagawa pogwiritsa ntchito katundu.

Mtsinje linanena bungwe chuma, Tikawonetsetsa alowa malo kunja kumalo a ntchito. Pofuna kudziwa mlingo wake, m'pofunika kuyala kuchuluka kwa katundu kuwasindikiza ndi mfundo za malonda ndi malo.

Internal otaya aumbike mwa kuchita ntchito zina pa kutumiza mafakitale mkati bungwe kapena mmene kukumana dongosolo. Kunja otaya zinthu chikukhudzana ndi ntchito za bungwe, komanso mfundo za kugulitsa katundu kapena maofesi wocheperapo.

Gulu la otaya mfundo zosiyanasiyana ndi assortment

Mkhalidwe umenewu ndi wofunika makampani osiyanasiyana mankhwala aliwonse. The otaya zinthu zikhoza kukhala wosakwatiwa-mankhwala multiproduct. Mtundu woyamba akunena za ulimi wa mtundu wina, ndipo chachiwiri - osiyanasiyana katundu.

Assortment umayenda m'gulu monga odnoassortimentnye ndi multiproduct. Iwo amasiyana chiwerengero cha mankhwala ukubwera kapena kutumizidwa.

Gulu la otaya mfundo katundu physicochemical

cargoes chochuluka ndi mchere katundu kapena chiyambi phiri. Zikuphatikizapo mchenga, miyala, malasha, agglomerates zachilengedwe ndi zambiri.

Chochuluka katundu - mankhwala amene amadutsa mu zambiri. Izi tirigu ndi mbewu monga chimanga, komanso mankhwala ena ofanana.

cargoes chochuluka amadutsa mu mathanki, ziwiya zambiri. The ndondomeko ya kutumiza ndi mayendedwe sizingatheke popanda hardware wapadera.

Unitized katundu - mankhwala ndi katundu osiyana thupi ndi mankhwala ndi magawo. Iwo amadutsa mu muli, matumba, mabokosi, popanda phukusi.

classifications zina utuluke zakuthupi

A zosiyanasiyana chuma magalimoto classifiers zinthu amathandiza kusunga ma akawunti bwino.

Zofunika utuluke logistic zidzasankhidwa ndi muyezo zotsatirazi:

• Ndi zosintha. Misa - Umaoneka ndi kutumiza lalikulu la KATUNDU katundu. Small - kutumiza consignments ang'ono ndi katundu osachepera galimoto. Close - kutumiza katundu ikuchitika ndi magalimoto ambiri kapena makina. Middle - katundu amene anabwera kuchokera zoyendera magalimoto ang'ono kapena galimoto limodzi.
• Specific kulemera. utuluke opepuka zikhale zosatheka kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu galimoto. Pamene lolemera nawo yonyamula galimoto chovomerezeka katundu mphamvu.
• Malinga ndi mlingo wa ngakhale. Iwo amaganizira ngakhale ndi zosagwirizana katundu afotokoze akuchitira ndi kusunga.

uziyenda bwino akulowera nkhani zachokera Gawo lomaliza. Pano pali chitsanzo. Tiyenera kupulumutsa mkaka ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku malo ogulitsira ritelo. Pamodzi ndi adzakhululukidwa kutumizidwa Confectionery. Alumali moyo katundu osiyanasiyana. Choncho, iwo sangakhoze yodzaza mu galimoto.

Mfundo za gulu la otaya zakuthupi

Pali zifukwa zingapo zimene zimakhudza mapulani moyenera otumiza katundu. Zofunika otaya limafanana ndi mfundo za mtundu uliwonse.

dongosolo zipangizo Amasamala mfundo zazikulu: obschelogisticheskih mosabisa. Nawonso, anawagawira motere:

1. System njira - ntchito yokhudza dongosolo mamembala mmene kukumana. Cholinga chake ndicho konza otaya zakuthupi ndiponso kuti azipeza phindu lalikulu.
2. Mfundo okwana mtengo - yowerengera chuma ndi zambiri umayenda. Cholinga ndi kupeza ndalama kasamalidwe a dongosolo mmene kukumana.
3. Mfundo kukhathamiritsa lonse - kukhathamiritsa ndi kasamalidwe chuma chifukwa cha harmonization unyolo m'deralo.
4. Mfundo wa kunyalanyaza chiphunzitso cha kusokonekera kwa ndalama - bungwe kabwino ka ndondomeko mmene kukumana pakati pa mbali zonse za dongosolo.
5. Mfundo comprehensiveness. Ntchito kulenga ndi konza kasamalidwe mmene kukumana.
6. Mfundo kugwirizana panali ndi kusakanikirana. Izi a chamoyo yachibadwa pakati pa ophunzira onse dongosolo mmene kukumana pa chomera kupanga.
7. okwana khalidwe kasamalidwe mfundo. Imakhala odalirika ndi khola ntchito iliyonse mchitidwe dongosolo mmene kukumana.
8. mfundo mawerengeredwe ntchito kulenga kuchifotokoza, bungwe njira logistic m'madera osiyanasiyana a dongosolo.
9. Mfundo polojekiti ndiponso kusinthasintha. Mmene kukumana dongosolo ayenera ntchito stably. Kuphunzira chikoka cha zinthu zoipa, n'zotheka kukhazikitsa mmene kukumana kwa ogwira ntchito iliyonse.
10. mfundo ya kukhulupirika - kupereka mgwirizano zambiri pakati pa mbali zonse za dongosolo.

dongosolo chuma otaya mogwirizana ndi mfundo khumi awa. Pofuna ntchito mwake, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito magawo ena ndi makhalidwe a dongosolo mmene kukumana.

zida Management

Khola ntchito malo kupanga sizingatheke popanda mmene kukumana okhazikika bwino. Pali njira ziwiri za kasamalidwe otaya zakuthupi: akukankha ndi dongosolo lenileni.

Yoyamba njira zosonyeza kuti kupanga mankhwala akuyamba, zachitika ndipo itha pa siteji yomweyo mzere ulimi, malingana ndi dongosolo mmene kukumana. Chochita chirichonse anavomera. The kulanda katundu zikuchitika pa lamulo malo ulamuliro yeniyeni. Malowo ali yotsimikizika dongosolo ndi kupanga kanjedza. Onse zigawo zikuluzikulu dongosolo ndi ukugwirira ntchito payokha, koma zogwirizana.

Dongosolo amakhala ndi chakuti mankhwala onse (zipangizo, yomalizidwa mankhwala, etc.) kubwera ku malo akamavutika. Mu dongosolo ili, palibe ulamuliro centralized. Imathandiza kuti kuchepetsa kwambiri kufufuza, monga kayendedwe ka utuluke zakuthupi basi zinthu zingapo dongosolo mmene kukumana.

CHITSANZO akukankha dongosolo logistic zinthu otaya

Pano pali pafupifupi magalimoto chitsanzo: kupanga - CD - kutumiza.

Childs, ndi zotsimikizira kampani yaikulu lonse zakuthupi otaya ndondomeko zikuphatikizapo pa zinthu 10:

• kugula pa nkhani workpiece;
• kugu- processing ake;
• zotsimikizira zomera zosiyanasiyana;
• ulamuliro supervisory;
• kasamalidwe msonkhano;
• Kenaka wagawo ndi zina zotero.

Izi zidalira pa mtundu wa mankhwala chopangidwa, komanso makhalidwe ake.