Kodi nyengo ndi chiyani?

Mlengalenga ndi "malaya" a Dziko lapansi, kotero amatchedwa, ndipo moyo pa dziko lathu lapansi popanda izo sizingatheke. Dziko lapansili, lomwe kulibe chilengedwe, silingadzitamande ndi zamoyo. "Chovala" chimenechi cha mlengalenga chikulemera matani 5 biliyoni, ndipo timachokera ku oxygen, ndipo zomera zimapuma mpweya woipa. Kupyola mmenemo, matalala omwe amawonongeka kuchokera ku mlengalenga amalephera, ndipo mpira wa ozoni ndiwo chipulumutso chathu kuchokera ku ultraviolet ndi mazira ena. Nanga chimachitika n'chiyani? Tiye tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane.

Mlengalenga ndi chigoba cha gasi cha thupi lakumwamba, nyenyezi kapena mapulaneti. Mlengalenga womwe umapanga mpweya umakhala ndi mphamvu yokoka, kotero zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kumene mapeto ake amatha. Ndipotu, gasi ndi chinthu chopanda pake. Choncho, mlengalenga momwe mpweya ndi dziko lapansi zimasinthira monga umodzi umodzi zimaonedwa kuti ndizozungulira.

Zigawo za m'mlengalenga

Mpweya wozungulira dzikoli uli ndi mitundu yambiri. Zili ngati dzira limene mapuloteni akuzungulira yolk. Zigawo, kapena zigawo za m'mlengalenga, zili ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo ali kutali. Tiyeni tiwadziwe bwino.

Troposphere. Iyi ndi "khitchini ya nyengo". Kutalika kwake kuli pafupi makilomita 15. Apa chirichonse chimasuntha osakhala, mvula yozizira ndi yozizira ya mpweya imasakanikirana, motero amapanga mitambo, fogs, mitambo.

The Stratosphere. Pazenerazi, 25-30 km akuda, kumtunda kwake, ozoni amasonkhanitsa. Mpweya umenewu, umene makulidwe ake ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndiwothandiza kwambiri padziko lapansi. Koma mpweya wa ozoni umangowonongeka nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kumasulidwa kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana osayenera m'mlengalenga.

Mesosphere. Bululi limayamba pamtunda wa makilomita 50-55, omwe ali pafupi makilomita 80 pamwamba pa dziko lapansi. Panthawiyi, pamene kutalika kwawonjezeka, koteronso kutentha.

The thermosphere, kapena nanosphere, ndi malo osaneneka a gasi ionized. M'madera awa, mpweya umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzuŵa sungathe kupezeka, uli ndi magetsi akuluakulu. Ndi m'magulu akuluakulu a mlengalenga omwe amapezeka polar auroras.

Mankhwala amapangidwa

Poyankha funso lokhudza momwe mpweya uliri, munthu sangathe kunyalanyaza zomwe zikuchitika. Choncho, imakhala ndi mpweya wa magawo 10 osiyanasiyana, omwe amapezeka nayitrogeni (78%), amatsatiridwa ndi mpweya (21%). Amakhala 1%, ndipo apa malo ofunikira amapatsidwa argon, gawo lochepa la carbon dioxide, neon ndi helium. Mpweya wa mpweya uli ndi zinthu zowonongeka, ndipo samalowa ndi mankhwala ena. Ndipo kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri ka m'mlengalenga kamakhala ndi sulfure dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia, ozoni (mpweya wokhudzana ndi mpweya), ndi mpweya wa madzi.

Kuphatikiza pa zinthu izi, palinso zinthu zakunja ku atomosphere: utsi wa particles, zotayika kwambiri, fumbi, mchere ndi phulusa laphalaphala.

Kusokoneza

Kuphatikiza ndi funso la mlengalenga wa dziko lapansi, vuto la kuwonongeka kwa "mpweya wakuda" wathu ndilofunikanso. Zomwe zimayambitsa zowonongeka ndi mabungwe ogulitsa mafuta ndi mphamvu, mafakitale ogulitsa, zamakono zamakono. Pa zinthu zonse zovulaza, 80% imakhala ndi mpweya wa sulfure dioxide, hydrocarboni, carbon oxides, zowonjezera ndi nayitrogeni. Kawirikawiri anthu samadziwa kuti pali chikhalidwe chotani komanso kuti ndi zofunika motani pa moyo wa dziko lonse lapansi. Timagwiritsidwa ntchito poona kuti mpweya uli pomwepo, ndipo amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito envelopu ya mpweya monga momwe imakhalira.