Moscow: chikhalidwe. Zosiyanasiyana, mbali ndi zokopa

Dera Moscow lili likulu la East European Valley. Ndipo pakati ndi Moscow, ndi chikhalidwe cha omwe ali choikidwa makamaka malo ndi zambiri osiyana chikhalidwe cha mabusa ndi dera lonse.

deralo

Kumpoto kwa likulu Chirasha pfunde Upper Volga m'zigwa ndi kum'mwera kugona mapiri a Smolensk-Moscow zomwe zili. M'deralo pali nyanja ambiri ndi mitsinje, yomwe ochokera makamaka Klin-Dmitrov Ridge (North-kumadzulo mbali ya Smolensk-Moscow zomwe zili), chimene chiri okulira, ndipo ugwira kapena mu Volga, kapena Oka. The Moskva-Oka kumveka ndi membala wa ake Teplostanskoy zomwe zili ali kumpoto, kumadzulo kwa Moscow dera. Pa phiri ili ndi chimbuzi (253 meters), chomwe chili ndi Moscow mwachindunji yokha. Nature ozungulira likulu anatsimikiza ndi m'madambo lowland Mescherskaya, ukubwera kuchokera kummawa kwa mphero anapanga Klyazma ndi Moskva mtsinje. Zaokskaya kumveka atseka m'dera kuchokera kum'mwera.

M'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja, nkhalango ...

otsika Plain, zitunda, mitsinje, yomwe m'deralo pali 2000 zidutswa, zonse izi ndiyo pamaso pa ena nyengo, nyama ndi zomera zomwe dera Moscow ndi Moscow yokha. Chikhalidwe cha likulu ndi dera yozungulira, okongola, ngakhale yogwira amadza anthropogenic (mwamtheradi mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito anthu poyerekezera ndi chilengedwe). mitengo Relict ndi nkhalango coniferous kuphimba 40% ya m'dera lonse, pomwe nkhalango mabusa anaphimba 42% (2168 ha) m'deralo. Madambo, minda, mwakachetechete loyenda mitsinje, bogs (zoyendetsedwa yekha mpweya) ndi zigwembe kutetezedwa - kotero zikuwoneka ngati chikhalidwe cha Moscow ndi dera.

nkhalango

Kupulumutsa ulemerero zonse zachilengedwe, munthu zoona, mdani zofunika kwambiri, kuyesera kuchita mwakukhoza kwanga. Iwo amalenga kuteteza chuma monga "Zavidovo" kapena malo osungirako zachilengedwe monga "Mphalapala Island", womwenso yamakhonde Oka Biosphere Reserve. Mu dela la mzinda, ambiri nkhalango sekondale, wamkulu pa malo kudula mitengo ndi minda. Amasiyana nkhalango yaikulu ndi wosalira mu kapangidwe ndi zosafunika lalikulu birch ndi Aspen. Mu Moscow wokha, nayenso, 40% a mzinda yokutidwa ndi nkhalango, Pakati 21% ali wotanganidwa ndi nkhalango paini (Serebryany Bor, amene gawo pali paini mitengo zaka zaka 170). nkhalango spruce, amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuipitsidwa, unakhalabe ochepa - 2 okha%. Pa Losiny Ostrov pali nthawi ya zaka zaka 130. Moscow nkhalango deciduous kufalitsidwa ndi mtundu motere: - 10% mitengo (Izmailovskiy paki), Basswood -18% birch ali 39 m'dera%, Aspen - 4%.

Mitundu ya nkhalango anabzala wa Moscow ndi dera

Makamaka chikhalidwe cha Moscow chifukwa chakuti iye, monga ena a m'dera uli pa confluence a m'nkhalango steppe ndi nkhalango mabacteria. Ndiko kuti, dera lino ndi zobiriwira kwambiri. North ndi kumadzulo kwa dera kulamulidwa ndi pakati-spruce ndi paini nkhalango. Meshcherskaya lowland zosangalatsa gawo kum'mawa malo yokutidwa paini nayonso zosiyanasiyana ndi lowland m'madambo mitengo alder. Center wa dera ndi mmenemo Moscow, chikhalidwe cha omwe ali wolemera mu nkhalango kum'mwera nayonso coniferous-mitundu muli firs ndi m'nkhalango, birches ndi aspens, ndi ulamuliro pa malowo wa otuwira. Cha kum'mwera - malo a thundu yotakata-Ndalankhula, kuwonjezera pa zomwe pali ankakhulupirira ndi zokometsera, ndi Elm ndi linden. Ndipo mu malo m'dera kusintha (kwa steppe kwa steppe) pa Moscow-Oka phiri ankaona kubzala spruce Mwachitsanzo, mu chapamwamba Lopasnya Mtsinje. Koma pafupi kum'mwera ayamba kudutsa m'nkhalango, steppe ngati zilumba wobiriwira pakati zigwa, nkhalango thundu, phulusa ndi mitengo mapulo. Kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa dziko la dera ataphimbidwa ndi steppe nkhalango, amene pafupi kwathunthu analima ndi sipezeka mtundu wapachiyambi, ngakhale otalikirana.

kuwukonza zolakwika

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti pa nthawi yathu ndi reforestation yogwira. Izi zikusonyeza munthu kutembenukira kwa chikhalidwe, kusiya kokha ogula maganizo. Pa Shaturskie Lukhovitsky ndi zithaphwi ili kum'mawa kwa dera makamaka anayamba kukumana atsopano mwa zomera mbadwa.

Kukongola Usaphe

Tatchulawa zochita za anthu zikuphatikizapo mizinda ya gawo, kudzikundikira ambiri anthu, kupezeka ndi kumanga kopitirira misewu ndi njanji, kusintha malo hydrography (limasinthira mtsinje, zikamera wa malo atsopano, etc.), ndi ambiri outbuildings, zonse kuti ayenera limodzi ndi mzinda waukulu likulu la dziko yaikulu. Ndipo komabe, chikhalidwe cha Moscow ndi dera Moscow ananyengedwa kamodzi Yuriya Dolgorukogo, ndipo masiku ano wabwino kwambiri ndiponso zosiyanasiyana.

Kuchuluka kwa zinyama

Ngakhale kanthu chowononga anthu, anakhalabe, kapena anali oimira ambiri a dziko nyama. Mkati m'chigawo chozungulira Moscow ndi moyo mitundu 60-70 nyama. Pambali, pali zimapezeka zokwawa (6), achule (7), nsomba (40). Ndipo mmene mbalame pano ambiri! A mitundu 120 tikukhala mu dela la mzinda, 29 kudutsa mu madera a pakati pa mzinda. Ndipo m'deralo pali 200 mitundu kuno kalekale kapena pali mbalame chikhatho chimodzi. Tizilombo komanso ndi yaikulu kuchuluka - 135 mitundu ya agulugufe, 300 (limodzi la magawo khumi la bumblebee a) mtundu wa njuchi. Komanso pali zimapezeka ziwala (8) dzombe (23), kafadala pansi, tizirombo, atombolombo, nyerere, ntchentche kuperekedwa pamodzi 50 tili mitundu. 9 Ndipo iwo adalowa Red Book - mitundu 4 wa maganizo ndi mitundu 5 nyerere. Ungwiro wa madzi mu Moscow akuti pali anthu angapo akamba m'madera osiyanasiyana m'chigawo. The Red Book analembetsa mitundu khumi ndi awiri a nyama mu dera Moscow.

Wildlife zosiyanasiyana Moscow

Nayonso mitundu ya nyama zimene zafala kwambiri m'munda, naperekanso kalulu ndi agologolo chakuwuluka. The mbalame ambiri ali grouse, capercaillie, bullfinch, komanso msondodzi Tito, crossbill-Elovikov, ndi Redwing blackbird-ryabinovik. The zosiyanasiyana za chilengedwe ku Moscow ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu ngati wa nyama zazikulu m'nkhalango mitundu nswala roe ndi Boar zakutchire, mabanga gwape ndi marten paini, mink ndi polecat. Umakhala pafupi m'tauni moyo Sony ndi tawny kadzidzi. N'chifukwa chiyani mitundu amatchedwa poyerekezera osati dera, koma Moscow yokha? Chifukwa chimodzi cha m'mapaki woyamba wa dziko lonselo mu Russia - "Mphalapala" chilumba ", kumene pafupifupi onse a nyama moyo, lili pa dera la Moscow, malire a mzinda.

chikhalidwe mbadwa

A kotentha chokhala ndi nyengo ya Moscow Ndipotu, kusintha kwa zofewa kuti lakuthwa chokhala Asian European. Mwachidule, nyengo ya Moscow ndi zabwino kwambiri - ndi ndi wofatsa yozizira ndi m'chilimwe ndi chinyezi. Akutama mibadwo yambiri ya zapamwamba Russian, malo mbadwa ya Moscow pafupi ndi wokondedwa aliyense Russian, osati chifukwa chikondi pa iye adza kwa munthu ndi mkaka wa mayi ake, komanso chifukwa kwenikweni n'zosadabwitsa zabwino. Ndi wokwanira kuona retrospective wa zojambula za akatswiri Russian ndi m'zinenero kuonetsetsa kuti awa si mawu opanda pake. Banja ndi ngati polenovskie "Moscow Yard" ndi "Agogo Munda" amasangalala Pimenovsky "New Moscow", koma mtima wanga zopweteka kwa mazana a zojambula aluso m'deralo, chosonyeza chikhalidwe cha dziko kwawo. Moscow - mbadwa mzinda Russian, ili mu mtima wa gawo European la Russia, choncho chikhalidwe cha Moscow akuimira Russia, ngakhale chikhalidwe cha dziko lalikulu limodzi la mbali ina ya anasonyeza ndi kovuta.

zokopa Natural mu Moscow

Mu Moscow ndi dera Moscow zambiri zokopa achilengedwe. Zikuphatikizapo, Choyamba, "Serebryany Bor" ndi "Mphalapala Island". koma "Black Nyanja" ndi "Botanical Garden Vilar" angatchedwe kwa mndandanda chidwi. Chidwi zinthu ndi "chigwa cha Kubadwa kwa Yesu mu Mitino khwawa" ndi "Natural Reserve Krylatskiye mapiri." Komanso "Biruliovsky arboretum" ndi "Big Vostryukovsky dziwe" ndi dazeni zokopa zachilengedwe, kuchezera amene inu mukhoza kutenga lingaliro la chikhalidwe cha Moscow ndi dera Moscow.