Makope zinthu mu biosphere ndi

Pafupifupi schoolchild amadziwa kuti vuto la nkhaniyi biosphere a, limodzi ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi maziko a kuli zachilengedwe ndi chilichonse chokhudzana ndi izo. schematically kwambiri, mkombero izi zikhoza mwachidule motere. Mwachibadwa zikuchitika zamoyo zimawononga yambiri chuma mchere wa chikhalidwe chomwecho, ndi pambuyo pa imfa yake, mu mawonekedwe a zinthu zosiyanasiyana mankhwala kubwerera ku malo omwewo, motero kupanga, ndi kupalasa njinga za nkhaniyi biosphere lapansi. ndondomeko umenewu umatchedwanso biogenic ndondomeko, ndipo ikani otaya machitidwe ake m'mlengalenga, lithosphere ndi hydrosphere. Cyclical ndi repeatable zinthu kusintha zochitika pa m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana zinachititsa kuti dzina la - kayendedwe ka.

Pafupifupi mosachotsera, zamoyo zedi mu dongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, zomera zobiriwira zimawononga, amene ali mu mlengalenga, carbon dioxide, mchere, ndi akutali chilengedwe oxygen.

Zinyama kupuma mpweya yemweyo, amene anamasulidwa ndi zomera, ndi kudya zomera, kuyamwa ndi akonzanso organic. Komanso, pambuyo pa imfa ya nyama ndi zomera, mitembo yawo ndi kukonzedwa ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana kupanga mpweya woipa komanso kutembenuka mankhwala organic mu chikhazikitso mchere.

Ndiye kufalitsa zinthu mu biosphere wa - ndondomeko kusintha ndi kusamutsidwa zinthu zimene anapeza mu nthaka, kumene iwo adzagwa mchere, kenako, nayenso chosakanikirana ndi dziko mbewu. Kuti adzimvera dongosolo pa mlingo atomiki, ayenera mwachilungamo wophweka mapeto - maatomu ena ofunika kwambiri mankhwala zinthu, kuchita sikumatha cha kusamuka, osati kwa wina chamoyo ndi mzake, koma mtundu umodzi wa chilengedwe ndi mzake - zonse pano mu nthaka, m'mlengalenga ndi hydrosphere.

chiwerengero cha m'zinthu amenewa ndi pafupifupi wopandamalire Mwachitsanzo, akuti mpweya mumlengalenga kukula zake zonse mu zaka ziwiri ndi yaing'ono zikwi umadutsa zamoyo. Kayendedwe chomwecho amapanga ndi carbon dioxide, ndiye yekha mkombero zimatenga nthawi zochepa - zaka 200-300 yekha. Monga mbali ya ndondomeko imeneyi, yomwe ndi mkombero wa nkhaniyi biosphere, mmodzi yekha mkombero wa mankhwala amatchedwa m'zinthu biogeochemical.

Kodi anatsimikiza ndi dongosolo? Mwatsoka, mabuku, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, wodzala ndi mayankho a funso limeneli palibe. Kodi molondola amanena kuti chimodzi mwa zifukwa mokomera zopinga gwero la dziko lathuli. zosinthika ina ya yankho akhoza modalira ziphunzitso za Vernadsky kwambiri pa biosphere imene ananenetsa kuti kuli malo zolowa, ndilo chifukwa osati kukwera njinga ya nkhani, komanso kusintha phokoso la zili chilengedwe. Iwo anazindikira kuti mitundu yonse ya m'zinthu, monga sitinali localize iwo mu nthawi ndi malo, ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana pa onse katundu wawo. Onse chokhudzana ndi ndondomeko ya kagayidwe mphamvu. Poyamba, monga maziko a adzizungulira, iwo amachita mphamvu ya dzuwa. Kenako n'kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu mankhwala ndi kusinthika thupi, koma chifukwa ife sitingathe kulankhula za vuto la kuthekera mphamvu, mkaidi biosphere lapansi. Kulimbitsa njira ya mphamvu ndi chithandizo kwachilengedwenso ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu wolunga ndi khola boma la biosphere lapansi.

Monga tanenera kale, mmodzi wa ambiri "anthu olimbikira" wa dera ndi mpweya. Kukhalapo kwa chinthu ichi pafupifupi onse zinthu organic nawatsimikizira anafotokoza mpweya mkombero mu biosphere lapansi. Mu ndondomeko ya photosynthesis, kaboni assimilates ku Biosphere mabacteria zomera n'kukhala chakudya. Pamene kupuma kwa zinthu zamoyo, ndondomeko ndi kubwezedwa, chifukwa iwo anakhala nkhokwe ambiri mu mpweya mkombero. Zinthu zazikulu zimene kudziwa mpweya chithandizo ndi kupuma ndi dzuwa.

Komanso mbali yaikulu ya nkhani zonse organic ndi asafe. Wake, monga chigawo yofunika kwambiri, muli ATP, mapuloteni, zidulo mkati. Asafe uli makamaka mu mlengalenga, ndi chilinganizo ake maselo salola zomera ntchito mwachindunji. Choncho zomera zimawononga asafe ngati zinthu zochita kupanga. njira imene asafe umaperekedwa mu nthaka kapena madzi, ndi wosiyana koma makope asafe wakufayo mu biosphere lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, ena mwa mankhwala asafe anapanga mlengalenga pa thunderstorms. Ndi mvula kapena kuthamanga-kutali amapita ku mtsinje, nthaka, nyanja, kumene ndiye chosakanikirana ndi zomera.

Monga mmene taonera, m'zochitika zonse, zamoyo ndi maziko mapangidwe zipangizo dera biosphere lapansi.