Tsunami waukulu mu zaka zapitazi 10 mu dziko

Tsunami - zedi zachilengedwe chifukwa kuphulitsa mapiri kapena zivomezi m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndi yoweyula chimphona, kuphimba gombe makilomita ambiri mkati. Mawu akuti "madzi osefukira" ndi chiyambi Japanese, izo kwenikweni zikumveka ngati "yoweyula yaikulu pa Gulf." Ndi Japan zambiri amadwala Pakachitika tsoka, chifukwa mu zone ya Pacific "mphete ya Moto" - waukulu zivomerezi malamba a Dziko Lapansi.

zimayambitsa

madzi aumbike mwa "kugwedeza" matani biliyoni pa danga madzi. Monga mabwalo ku mwala anaponyedwa mmadzi, mafunde mphepo madera osiyana pa liwiro pafupifupi 800 kukafika pa ora, kuti afike kumtunda ndi akukhavukira pa iye yaikulu kutsinde kuwononga zonse mu njira yake. Ndipo nthawi zambiri anthu mmwamba mu zone madzi osefukira kanthu, pali maminiti pang'ono kusiya malo oopsa. Choncho n'kofunika kwambiri nthawi kuti achenjeze anthu za kuopseza ndi, yosalekerera palibe njira iyo.

Tsunami waukulu mu zaka zapitazi 10

Mavutowa zinachitika mu nyanja ya Indian Ocean mu 2004. Undersea chivomezi zoopsa 9,1 wachititsa zikamera mafunde chimphona mpaka 98 m. Mu mphindi zochepa anafika ku gombe la Indonesia. Onse a m'derali anali mayiko 14, kuphatikizapo Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Bangladesh.

Zinali tsunami lalikulu m'mbiri ya chiwerengero cha anthu amene wafika 230 zikwi. Kuli anthu m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja sanali okonzeka ndi dongosolo chenjezo za kuopsa, chimene chinali chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri
akufa. Koma ovutikawo akhoza kukhala apamwamba kwambiri ngati apakamwa a mitundu munthu m'mayiko amenewa ali sanasunge zokhudza tsunami kalelo. Ndipo mabanja ena anauzidwa kuti akhoza kusiya malo oopsa chifukwa cha ana, amene anaphunzira za mafunde chimphona m'kalasi. Ndi mthunzi nyanja, patsogolo kubwerera mu mawonekedwe a tsunami zakupha, izo zinali chizindikiro kuthamanga pamwamba otsetsereka a. Izi anatsimikizira kufunika kuphunzitsa anthu momwe zinthu mwadzidzidzi.

Tsunami lalikulu Japan

M'chaka cha 2011 pa chilumba Japanese anakomoka vuto. March 11 gombe la dziko panali chivomezi zoopsa 9.0, zomwe zachititsa kuti zikamera mafunde mpaka mamita 33 mu malipoti ena taonera mafanizo ena -. Madzi crests anafika 40-50 m.

Ngakhale kuti pafupifupi m'mphepete mwa nyanja mumzinda wa Japan ndi levees kuti adziteteze ku madzi osefukira, woyendera nthambi chivomezi kuti sizinathandize. chiwerengero cha akufa ndi kuwinduka nayo mu nyanja ndi kusowa ali anthu oposa 25 zikwi. Anthu mu dziko nkhawa poring pa mndandanda wa akuvutika chifukwa cha chivomezi ndi tsunami poopa kuti tipezamo iwo okondedwa awo.

nyumba 125.000 kuonongeka zomangamanga zoyendera zawonongedwa. Koma zotsatira owopsa anali ngozi pa mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu Fukushima I. Ndi pafupifupi zinachititsa kuti ngoziyo nyukiliya padziko lonse, makamaka chifukwa kuipitsidwa chatithandizira ya Pacific Ocean. Kupha ngozi anatumizidwa osati mphamvu Japanese la akatswiri a mphamvu, ogwira ntchito yopulumutsa ndi magulu adziteteze. Mphamvu yaikulu nyukiliya ku dziko ndipo anatumiza akatswiri ake kuti muthandize opulumutsa a kuwononga chilengedwe. Ndipo ngakhale zinthu ziliri mu nyukiliya magetsi ali okhazikika, asayansi osati kumvetsa tanthauzo lake.

madzi osefukira chenjezo utumiki analidziwitsa za kuopsa ku Hawaii Islands, ndi Philippines ndi madera ena, amene kugona mu zone chiopsezo. Koma, mwamwayi, iwo kale ku gombe la kwambiri attenuated yoweyula kutalika mamita atatu.

Choncho, tsunami waukulu mu zaka zapitazi 10 kunachitika mu nyanja ya Indian Ocean ndi Japan.

Major tsoka khumi

Indonesia ndi Japan ali mwa mayiko kumene mafunde zowononga kawirikawiri zokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, mu July 2006 Java madzi osefukira kachiwiri anapanga chifukwa cha ochuluka m'madzi zosagwiritsa. Bakuman kufika awo mamita 7-8, kukwera m'mphepete wogonjetsa ngakhale m'madera amenewa mozizwitsa choyipa pa oopsa 2004 madzi osefukira. Anthu ndi alendo a m'madera ena achisangalalo kukumbukira mantha kuthedwa nzeru pamaso pa mphamvu za chilengedwe. Onse pa tsoka ponseponse anafa kapena kusowa anthu 668, ndi zoposa 9000 anafuna kuchipatala.

Mu 2009, madzi osefukira zazikulu chinachitika mu Samoa zilumba, kumene pafupifupi 15-mita yoweyula anadutsa zilumba kuwononga zonse mu njira yake. chiwerengero cha anthu amene analipo anthu 189, makamaka ana, ndi pa gombe. Koma ntchito kugwira ntchito ya Tsunami Chenjezo Center ku Pacific analola kupewa ngakhale zazikulu ndalama anthu, kulola kuti asachoke anthu kuti malo otetezedwa.

Tsunami waukulu mu zaka zapitazi 10 zachitika mu Pacific ndi Indian Ocean gombe la Europe ndi ku Asia. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti mavuto amenewa sizingatheke m'madera ena padziko lonse.

Tsunami zoopsa mbiri ya anthu

kukumbukira anthu akugwirabe zambiri za mafunde chimphona anati kalelo. Ndi nkhawa wamkulu kutchulidwa tsunami amene anachitika mwa kuphulika kwa phiri pa Big Island cha Santorini. mwambo umenewu kunayamba 1410 BC.

Zinali tsunami lalikulu mu dziko la masiku amakedzana. Kuphulika kukwezedwa kumwamba lalikulu la chilumbachi, kusiya malo ake yomweyo wodzazidwa ndi beseni madzi nyanja. Kuyambira kuwombana ndi red-hot chiphalaphala, madzi mofulumira wiritsani ndi asanduke nthunzi, ikuthandizira chivomezi. madzi Mediterranean anakulira mpaka kupanga mafunde akuluakulu kuti anagunda gombe lonse. zinthu zankhanza anatenga anthu 100,000, amene ali ochuluka zedi, ngakhale m'tsogolo, chimene akale. Malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, ndi kuphulika ndipo zayamba chifukwa cha madzi zinachititsa kuti mofulumira wa Minoan chikhalidwe cha Kerete - mmodzi wa chitukuko kwambiri chachinsinsi wakale padziko lapansi.

Mu 1755, Lisbon anali pafupifupi kwathunthu zinawonongedwa ndi chivomezi choopsa, moto chifukwa chake, ndi funde zoopsa amphamvu mzinda wa pambuyo pake. anthu 60,000 anaphedwa ndipo ambiri anavulala. Oyendetsa ku zombo amene anabwera ku doko la Lisbon pambuyo ngozi, sanamuzindikire kumidzi yozungulira. tsoka anali chimodzi mwa zifukwa imfa ya mutu Chipwitikizi cha wamphamvu panyanja.

anthu 30 zikwi anaphedwa mu 1707 madzi osefukira ku Japan. Mu 1782, tsoka mu South China Sea, anati miyoyo ya anthu 40 sauzande. Kuphulika kwa Krakatoa (1883) unam'chititsanso tsunami, amene chikugwirizana ndi imfa ya anthu 36 500. Mu 1868, chiwerengero cha anthu amene mafunde yaikulu Chile anali oposa 25 zikwi. 1896 zinali zodzaza ndi madzi osefukira latsopano Japan, omwe anapha anthu oposa 26,000.

Alaska madzi osefukira

Yoweyula zosaneneka unakhazikitsidwa mu 1958 mu Gulf wa Lituya Bay mu Alaska. Chimayambitsa maonekedwe ake komanso anali chivomezi. Koma zidzawonjezera zina. Chifukwa cha chivomezi ku otsetsereka a mapiri ku gombe la Gulf anadza Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga chimphona ndi pafupifupi 300 miliyoni kiyubiki mamita. mamita wa miyala ndi matalala. Izo zonse anakomoka mu madzi a Gulf, kuchititsa mapangidwe ndi funde wautali kwambiri kufika kutalika 524 mamita! Scientist Miller anati pamaso panabuka tsunami waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse.

Ku khundu banki ya nkhonya anakantha ndi mphamvu kwambiri kuti otsetsereka anali anawonongedweratu onse zomera ndi zambiri miyala lotayirira, wosasamalira maziko olimba. zombo atatu anagwidwa Gulf mu kamphindi kudwala-fated, anali ndi tsoka osiyana. Mmodzi wa iwo anamiza, itawonongedwa chachiwiri, koma timu anakwanitsa kuthawa. A chotengera lachitatu, kamodzi pa Crest ya mafunde, adagwidwa kudzera kuluka ndi, kulekanitsa Bay, ndi kuponyera mu nyanja. Chinali chozizwitsa amalinyero apulumuke. Kenako anakumbukira pamene yokakamiza "ndege" pansi pa mchombo anawona nsonga za mitengo anathyola malovu a.

Mwamwayi, ku gombe la Gulf Lituya Bay pafupifupi anasiya, kotero yoweyula chisanachitikepo si amene anayambitsa mavuto ambiri. Tsunami lalikulu panalibe akuvutika kwambiri anthu. Akukhulupirira kuti anthu 2 okha anaphedwa.

Tsunami mu Russia

Mu dziko lathu zone tsunami zikuphatikizapo Pacific gombe la Kamchatka ndi Islands Kuril. Iwo kugona m'dera seismically wosakhazikika, komwe nthaŵi zambiri ndi yowononga zivomezi, ndi kuphulitsa mapiri.

Wolembedwa madzi osefukira waukulu mu Russia mu 1952. Bakuman kufika msinkhu wa mamita 8-10, anagunda Kuril Islands ndi Kamchatka. Chiwerengero cha sanakonzekere masautso zochitika pambuyo chivomezi. Amene pambuyo kuchotsa inagwedezeka anabwerera opulumuka nyumba, ambiri a iwo ndiribe wina. M'tauni ya Severo-Kurilsk anali pafupifupi inawonongedwa. chiwerengero cha anthu amene Akuti pa anthu 2336, koma mwina ambiri. Komwe kunachitika kutatsala masiku ochepa kuti patha zaka 35 wa October kuukira boma, tsoka anali kuletsedwa kwa zaka, adayendayenda izo mphekesera chabe. mzindawu anasamukira ku malo apamwamba ndi otetezeka.

Kuril tsoka inakhala maziko a utumiki m'gulu madzi osefukira chenjezo kwa USSR.

maphunziro akale

Tsunami waukulu mu zaka zapitazi 10 asonyeza fragility la moyo ndi zonse zimene analenga munthu, pamaso zinthu mafunde. Koma iwo amaloledwa kumvetsa kufunika kwa ntchito zoyesa za m'mayiko ambiri kupewa zotsatira ambiri aakulu. Ndipo m'madera ambiri anakhudzidwa ndi madzi, kukhazikitsa ntchito pa kupewa anthu za kuopsa ndi kufunika kuthawa.