Kodi "raster": tanthauzo, gulu, kumasulira mu vekitala ndi

mlengi aliyense amadziwa chimene chitsanzo. Nkofunika kukonzekera mafano kwa kusinthidwa awo, masanjidwe chilengedwe. Pakuti pafupifupi wosuta maukonde kusiyana pakati akamagwiritsa si chachikulu chotere. Komabe, izi ndi maziko a ntchito ndi kukonzedwa aliyense ayenera kudziwa, amene akufuna kukhala wokhoza pokonza zithunzi.

Tanthauzo raster, ubwino ndi kuipa

Kodi bitmap? chithunzi iyi imakhala ndi bokosi la pixels, utoto mtundu wina. Ndi wosavuta zindikirani, chithunzi wokulirapo. Wapamwamba ndi zithunzi raster amasunga malamulo munali chiwerengero cha mfundo ndi mtundu wawo. Photos, zithunzi scanned, mafanizo magazini ndi pa kompyuta - raster. The gululi wa pixels (madontho) angathe kupatsira fano lililonse Kuvuta, mthunzi, gradients, blur, halftone, 3D-zotsatira ndipo ngakhale makanema ojambula. Photorealism - ndi mwayi waukulu uwu mtundu wa zithunzi.

The kuipa raster zotsatirazi:

1. Kulephela onga. Phunzirani fano (ie anatambasula ndi gululi wa pixels) kapena kulitsitsa (styanuv kuti mfundo zina adzataika), akhoza kwambiri amanyoza fano khalidwe.
2. bitmap ali okha rectangle a. Ndiko kuti, pa ntchito kujambula pa wina ndi mzake pansi "chikopa" pansi pa woyera maziko pamwamba.
3. Zovuta zambiri fano, m'pamenenso akulemera wapamwamba.

Features raster

Zithunzi Raster amasiyana kukula, kuthetsa, zigawo mtundu ndi chiwerengero cha mitundu. Kwambiri komanso kwambiri makhalidwe a gululi lapansi. Kudziwika mitundu ya raster masanjidwewo mtundu: wokhazikika ndi zosapanganika.

1. Kukula (by kulemera) - chiwerengero cha pixels m'chifanizo kuchita masamu mu CB (MB, GB). Ikuluikulu ndi zovuta zambiri chithunzi, m'pamenenso akulemera.
2. Maonekedwe - chiwerengero cha pixels pa mamilimita (ppi) mu Intaneti images, photos, kapena madontho pa mamilimita (DPI) m'mafanizo kusindikizidwa. Ikuluikulu phindu bwino chithunzi, modekha. Zithunzi Standard kusamvana Internet - 72 ppi, kusindikiza masanjidwe - 300 ppi.
3. Mtundu gawo amasonyeza mithunzi zofunika. Izi zikhoza kukhala wamba RGB, pamene wofiira, wobiriwira ndi buluu alipo mu anapatsidwa kuchuluka aliyense mapikiselo ndi kusakaniza kupanga mtundu ankafuna. Kukonzekera masanjidwe zambiri ntchito CMYK - gawo ongokhala cyan, magenta, wachikasu ndi wakuda. Labu - ndi "kuwala", ndi red-wobiriwira ndi buluu wachikasu; Grayscale - mithunzi ya imvi.
4. Kodi Akamva ambiri ndiyotengera aliyense mapikiselo zimadalira mtundu wa chithunzi. Images monochrome mfundo akulemera 1 pang'ono. Ngati mapikiselo 4 pang'ono chitsanzo tichipeza mitundu 16. 8 bpp kupereka 256 mitundu, 16 Tinthu - 65K mitundu 24 Tinthu -. Mitundu 16 miliyoni ..
5. Mitundu zotsatirazi rasters, malingana mapikiselo osiyanasiyana: nthawi zonse mauna kapangidwe (ndi madontho shading kapena gululi) stokahtichesky gulu yeniyeni alibe, i.e. ndi pixels imakonzedwa mosintha.

bitmap mosiyana vekitala

Kuwonjezera mtundu raster ndi vekitala - njira kulenga chitsanzo chimene pixels wa - losavuta zojambula akalumikidzidwa: rectangles, ovals, mabwalo, mizere molunjika ndi zokhotakhota. vekitala zithunzi file lili masamu chilinganizo - kanjedza magawo (m'mimba mwake, m'litali, m'lifupi, mudzaze mtundu, mizere), malo awo pa chinsalu (X ndi Y-mwandondomeko) ndi malo ake wina ndi mzake. Vekitala kujambula mawonekedwe ndi Kusintha - monga kusintha makhalidwe a zinthu zimene akufuna. Pamene inu kuwonjezera kapena kuchepa chifaniziro chake ndi khalidwe liti sanasinthe. Chithunzi vekitala si maziko amakona anayi - iwo akhoza anaikapo mu mzake. Mu nkhani iyi, file choyambirira akulemera kwambiri zosakwana raster lapansi.

Ndi ochuluka ubwino kuti chophimba akhoza kutsutsa vekitala? Images mu mtundu uwu sangathe adzatchedwa zimathandizadi - ali pang'ono zojambula-ngati anasonyeza chifukwa chakuti ntchito mitundu olimba ndi gradients. Modern zithunzi akonzi - Corel kulimbitsa, monga Adobe Illustrator - angathe kugwira ntchito ndi zotsatira zovuta monga mithunzi, mtundu aziphatikiza, blurring, koma raster fano processing mphamvu icho chiri kutali. The vekitala zakonzedwa masanjidwe kusindikiza.

akamagwiritsa Raster

Raster zithunzi angapulumuke ku m'njira zosiyanasiyana, komanso kutembenuka chikuchitika ndi losavuta - mufunika kutsegula file ndi mkonzi zithunzi, kusankha menyu item "Sungani" ndipo kutambasuka yoyenera.

Gif - mtundu losavuta. Iwo amathandiza chilungamo ndi makanema ojambula zotsatira akulemera pang'ono, koma mtundu wa ndi otsika - 256 mitundu. The gif yabwino kwa chintchito sitolo, matchati.

PNG amagwiritsa psinjika lossless ndi kuthandiza chilungamo, mtundu kwambiri kuposa gif.

TIFF ntchito kulanda kwa raster kuti vekitala, monga mtundu uwu si kuphatikiza zigawo mu kujambula.

JPEG - mtundu wotchuka ntchito zithunzi akadali, zithunzi scanned, zithunzi intaneti.

Kodi kutembenuka kwa raster kuti mtundu vekitala

Ayenera kusintha bitmap fano mu vekitala limapezeka mu mawonekedwe mlengi pa kupanga kapena ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera fano, kusintha popanda kutaya khalidwe. Kumasulira mu vekitala - osati ntchito yaikulu, zotsatira monga ambiri chithunzi sangathe idzaseweredwe. Ndi Kufufuza basi khalidwe chithunzi yafupika kwambiri: mtundu zinthu molakwika, anataya mfundo chithunzipo. Izi basi amalenga zinthu magulu a pixels a mitundu zofanana, yomwe ili pa mizere ya bitmap lapansi. Ngati chithunzi ndi zovuta, analenga zinthu kungakhale kwambiri, ndi kusintha iwo amakhumudwa. Autorouting akupezeka akonzi Corel Drew kapena Illustrator.

yabwino fano akhoza zopezera kokha kupyolera Kufufuza ndi Buku. Mu zamoyozo zojambula lazungulira pa mizere ndi mthunzi kapena buku analengedwa ndi superposing zidutswa za kukula osiyana ndi mtundu wina ndi mzake. Chophweka njira kuchita limeneli pa cholembapo likutipatsa, cholembera kutsatira mzere. Pamanja kwaiye chithunzi vekitala ndi okwera mtengo ndi analitamanda kwambiri.

... ndi mosemphanitsa

Rasterization - ndondomeko kutsatira zosiyana, pamene zojambula vekitala kumasuliridwa mu raster, mwachitsanzo, yothandiza ndi zambiri Zosefera patsogolo Zithunzi. Mu nkhani iyi, katundu abwino a vekitala zikawoneka, ndiye izo zidzakhala zosatheka onga fano chifukwa popanda kutaya khalidwe. Choncho, zofunika kusunga file choyambirira kuwonjezera kapena kusintha fano ngati n'koyenera.

Pamaso kusamukira chophimba (Sinthani kukhala Bitmaps) uike magawo zotsatirazi:

1. Mtundu - chiwerengero cha mitundu m'chithunzi'chi.
2. Dithered - ngati inu yambitsa izi mtundu item adzakhala popangidwa ndi kusakaniza.
3. Redolution - kusamvana.
4. Anti-aliasing - mzere kapena fractures Kamangidwe koyamba adzakhala ankawachotsera.
5. Trandparent Backgrounf - chizindikiro amapanga maziko mandala.
6. Kukula - kukula.

Choncho, ntchito yoyenera ndi zithunzi muyenera kudziwa raster zomwe ndi vekitala. Raster chithunzi kupangidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa pixels - zing'onozing'ono likutipatsa zinthu. Raster zokongola, imabereka zotsatira ambiri chithunzi, ngakhale makanema ojambula. Komabe, izi zithunzi zovuta onga ndi kusintha. Vekitala M'malo mwake, n'zosavuta kusintha ndi kusintha kulikonse chinthu chojambula; pamene makulitsidwe khalidwe akanali yemweyo. Komabe, mthunzi, blur, zovuta gradients ndi mitundu aziphatikiza kusonyeza kovuta. Raster zojambula kungakhale za chionetsero mu mtundu vekitala, ndi mosemphanitsa.