Kodi snowflake? Kodi iwo anapanga ndi zimene tichipeza?

timibulu ayezi ting'onoting'ono zosamvetsetseka mitundu wapadera, amene amapereka ife iliyonse yozizira - ndicho chimene zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa. Chinsinsi cha chozizwitsa chimenechi zachilengedwe yakhala anakopeka kufunsira maganizo. Kodi zodabwitsazi, malamulo imvera mogwirizana okhwima Matupi awo ndi chifukwa iwo ali osiyanasiyana - mafunso awa adzayesa m'nkhani ino.

Mbiri ya kuphunzira zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa

Asayansi yaitali anayesa kupeza zimene zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa kufotokoza zovuta ndi zogwirizana kapangidwe ka nyumba. Woyamba zithunzi zawo ku chikhalidwe zimapangidwa ndi Swiss kafukufuku Mangus mu 1555.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVII ndi German wasayansi Iogann Kepler anapeza kuti pafupifupi onse zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa ndi timibulu hexagonal. Iye lofalitsidwa pa nkhani zokhudza sayansi.

Mu zaka 1635-1637 funso la chimene zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa ndi chidwi ndi French masamu Mnazareti Dekarta. Iye anafotokoza amaoneka ngati maluwa, maluwa ndi mawilo ndi mano asanu. Iye lofalitsidwa zina zachidule zawo mungathe kuona zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa ndi mano eyiti kapena khumi ndi ziwiri, mwachibadwa zikuchitika kawirikawiri.

Mu 1885, American wasayansi Wilson Bentley kujambulidwa woyamba chisanu galasi pansi simungathe kutiona. Pafupifupi zaka makumi asanu, zosonkhanitsira wake anali za 5000 ofanana zithunzi.

Japanese Nakaya Ukitiro - sayansi - anali kwambiri chinkhoswe mu kuphunzira mmene zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa anapanga ndi chifukwa iwo ali onse kotero osiyana, mu zaka 30 za zaka mazana makumi awiri. Iye anali gulu lawo loyamba sayansi, ndipo anapanga njira kwa kupanga matalala yokumba. Dzina la sayansi lotchedwa Museum ayezi ndi chipale chofewa lili Japan, pachilumba cha Hokkaido.

Mu 1955, a Russian A. kunja zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa magulu naini, komanso 48 mitundu. Pakati pawo - "hedgehogs", "singano", "mbale", "mipiringidzo", "khafu maulalo" ndi ena.

American Kenneth Liebrecht m'masiku awa, "anali wodzazidwa ndi zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa Handbook." Mu choyezera, timibulu chisanu mwakula chongopeka, ndi kosatheka kupereka kapangidwe mawonekedwe.

Kodi kupanga zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa

Zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa anapanga kwa nthunzi. Ting'onoting'ono m'malovu a kutentha otsika ndi chinyezi Mkulu Zachepetsedwa m'mitambo. Amakumana ndi fumbi akuyandama mu mlengalenga, ndi nawo. Choncho, womwe zigwirizana zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa, - ndi fumbi tinthu (galasi mtima) ndi tinthu tina ting'onoting'ono ayezi, pang'onopang'ono ukumera aliyense wa iwo.

Monga snowflake tsogolo ikagwa, izo limodzi ndi timibulu onse latsopano ayezi, pamene kusunga mawonekedwe ake bwinobwino hexagonal. mbali otukukira kunja kwa galasi kukula mofulumira.

Atakumana panjira ndi m'malovu supercooled, snowflake chikukulirakulirabe. Atafika misa yovutayi, anagwa pansi - pansi.

zosiyanasiyana zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa

Pa njira zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa anapanga ndi makulidwe, sukhala zinthu osawerengeka. The kwambiri a iwo - kusinthana kwa kutentha zigawo zosiyana za m'mlengalenga, ndi timibulu chisanu zikufika pochitika.

Mu mlengalenga, zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa ndi zonse kusintha. M'madera ozizira timibulu kukula mofulumira, iwo kukula kwambiri m'litali. Pali kumene mpweya kwambiri yofunda, "kuwala" zayamba lengthened, koma kuyamba kukula mu m'lifupi. Podziwa kuti snowflake, inu mosavuta fotokozani chifukwa, malingana ndi nyengo mu dera zambiri imagwera lililonse kwa mtundu wake wa chisanu.

Choncho, mu dera Baltic ndi pakati Russia mu nyengo bata, matalala zimadza mwa mawonekedwe a lalikulu "fluffy" flakes, omwe zovuta nthambi mawonekedwe. Ndi gusts amphamvu mphepo ndi zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa otsika kutentha adzawombana ndi mzake, ndi kutha mu zidutswa zabwino kugwa downwards. Ngati inu mufika makumi digiri chimfine, nascent timibulu ayezi adzakhala kubisa pansi "diamondi fumbi." Ndipo pakati pa Yakutia mu nyengo yozizira kawirikawiri kugwa woonda "singano" ayezi.

Pamene chisanu akugwa

Chipale aumbike mwa choncho pamene kutentha mpweya m'munsimu madigiri awiri Celsius. Mfundo kuti thermometer njira angagwe pansi pa ziro - ndi nthano. Pankhaniyi, iwo amayamba kusungunuka chisanu anagwa kale. Komabe, mu ndondomeko mpweya kutentha malo pamene pali precipitates kwenikweni amachepetsa.

Yakula chisanu flakes kugwa mu osiyanasiyana madigiri ziro awiri. Koma ngati kutentha wayamba pamwamba, ndiye, zimene tichipeza zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa - timibulu yaing'ono ayezi, adzakhala akupitirizabe kusungunula. Pankhaniyi, zambiri, tiyenera kuyembekezera kugwa chipale chonyowa ndipo ngakhale mvula.