Perm. Mchere (mndandanda)

The moyo chuma ka dziko lililonse kumatengera zifukwa zambiri. Ofunika ndi chuma cha charo mwini. nkhokwe mchere chikufunika gawo lililonse mafakitale ntchito zaulimi, zomangamanga. Nawonso chitukuko ndi ntchito zigawo munthu zimadalira kupezeka kwa zachilengedwe ndi kuchuluka kwawo.

Munda loyamba

Mchere yaikulu ya Perm Krai chimatanthauza kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Apa mwachangu kupitiriza kukhala minda mafuta, mchere, diamondi, golide, malasha ndi zambiri.

M'pofunikanso powasamalira chakuti kufunafuna chuma, anapereka mwa chilengedwe - loopsa ndi zovuta ntchito. Osati kale litali, anthu omwe ankachita anapeza prospectors miyala adakuitanira. Koma Masiku ano zikugwira Akatswiriwa - akatswiri ndi mlingo katswiri wa maphunziro ndi zoyenera.

Ena mwa madipoziti mchere mu dera Perm anadzatchedwa kuyambira cha m'ma XV. Geological nthawi amatchedwa "Perm" amalembedwa apeza loyamba ndi gawo la madipoziti m'maderawa yaitali miyala. phindu ili Geological ulendo moona England Lower, amene ankatha kudziwa gombe la Yegoshikha nkhokwe zofunika achilengedwe.

madipoziti Perm mchere

Iwo likukhalira kuti mmodzi wa atsogoleri dziko pa m'matangadza mchere Umutu ndi dera Perm. Mchere Verkhnekamsk anapereka mwala, potashi ndi potaziyamu ndi magnesium salt. Mkati mwa utali wozungulira Berezniki ndi Solikamsk pa akuya mamita mpaka 600 zigawo wandiweyani mchere ili. Wosanjikiza choposa ndi mwala, komanso zikuchitika monga Mzere wapakatikati. Kuseri kwa icho pali wosanjikiza potaziyamu ndi magnesium, ndi kovuta chabe kufika potashi ndi thanthwe strata. Nthabwala, Akatswiriwa kuitana wanga "chitumbuwa."

Verkhnekamsk madipoziti mchere inakhazikitsidwa zaka zoposa miliyoni zapitazo. Iwo likukhalira kuti kamodzi pano panafika mwa nyanja. Chifukwa zotsatira za otentha dzuwa m'madziwo ndi usavutike ndi vaporized kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndende mchere pang'ono ndi pang'ono yafupika mu kuchuluka kwa madzi chinawonjezeka, ndipo anayamba kudziunjikira ambiri pansi pa kumalo yaing'ono osaya. Ndipo pamene nyanja mbisoweka kwathunthu, mu malo ake zinali chiyambi cha mapangidwe ndi mobisa chipinda chodyeramo salt zosiyanasiyana, utoto yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira woyera koyera ofiira owala.

Resources a mchere thanthwe

Rock mchere zambiri pinki ndi chikasu, ndi mndandanda wonse mchere Perm Gawo zikuphatikizapo subspecies colorless ndi wangwiro m'matangadza izi. Halite (otchedwa mandala mchere) mosavuta dissolves m'madzi, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi anthu zosowa zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku kwa zaka zambiri mu mzere. Upper kamera ali malo kumene subsoil pafupi saline podstupayut pansi. chodabwitsa chinali chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe a mchere.

Apainiya la mlanduwo mchere anali Kalinnikova wamalonda banja, amene anafika ku Novgorod. Chidwi ndi chuma cha dziko Permian, iwo apanga m'zigawo za mchere pafupi mitsinje ndi Usolka Borovitsa, kumanga nyumba zambiri ndi kuphunzitsa za mchere. Poyamba adzakhala wodziwika kuti maonekedwe a m'mudzi waung'ono wa Salt Kama mozungulira malo waukulu wa nsomba maziko a zikamera wa mumzinda wamakono wa Solikamsk.

Chitukuko cha ulimi mchere mu zaka XV-XVI

Kwenikweni, kupanga mchere anali ikukoka brine ndi evaporation. Mfundo yofunika kuti nthawi ndi mchere tebulo sakanakhoza kukhala mophweka kugula. Iwo akhoza kukopedwa pa mtengo zilipo si aliyense.

Posachedwa Kama wadutsa mu malo eni ena katundu ndalandira kwa Ivana Groznogo achifumu hayala zololera. Mu zaka za m'ma XVI, eni dziko akhala amalonda Stroganoff nawo makampani. Popeza mchere m'zigawo zafika pamlingo latsopano kutchuka ndi dera lonse Perm. Mchere anagulitsa mwa Russia ndipo zimagulitsidwa ku mayiko CIS. Kukula chuma m'dera anabweretsa ndalama yokulirapo ndi angathe kukhala makampani.

"Permyak - makutu mchere"

Pa nthawi imene madipoziti mchere pa anthu ambiri kumodzi ankagwira, umene dzina lakuti lidakalipobe lero linkadziwika kuti "Permyak - makutu mchere". Kukayitana iwo anakhala chifukwa. chakuti ntchito pa minda Stroganov kuunika suona, chifukwa zimakhudza zotsatira kwambiri zosangalatsa kwa anthu ogwira ntchito. Kudzera matumba ambiri a katundu zobwezerezedwanso seeped mchere fumbi. Thanzi la munthu, zonse kukokera padziko katundu, kunasonyeza zoipa; kukhetsa kuwononga khungu, manja ndi makutu, ndiyeno iwo anali wofiira ndi chofuna.

Mu ulemu ndi anthu amafuna zikugwira ntchito imeneyi, pakati pa Perm wayikidwa Permians chipilala. Verkhnekamsk mchere anakhala nthawi yaitali yekha mchere shaker osati kwa Russia, komanso ndiwo za chitukuko cha makampani mankhwala ndi luso chakudya. Komabe, anatulukira minda yopindulitsa kwambiri mu Volga beseni nyanja mchere makampani kwambiri mochedwa mayendedwe awo m'dera Perm.

Potaziyamu ndi magnesium chuma

Patapita pafupi Solikamsk Ryazantsev NP apeza miyala ya potaziyamu ndi magnesium salt. Izo zinachitika zofunika kwa Akatswiriwa anapeza pamene tikubooleza bwino, yomwe kenako dzina la mkazi wa anatulukira Lyudmila. A angapo zaka pafupi Akatswiriwa Lyudmilinskoy m'badwo aona potaziyamu mchere pinki mthunzi, atavala sayansi dzina sylvinite.

Phunzirolo lili mkati, ofufuza anapeza malo anapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa chuma mchere adzatha kupereka wambiri galasi, feteleza potashi kwa kupanga ulimi wa Perm dera lonse. Mchere wa kutukula chigawo yomweyo anapereka anadabwa wina pambuyo chaka: mlingo wandiweyani mchere ili mwala wosanjikiza madipoziti mchere, amene zikuchokera m'gulu magnesium.

Wotero mdima wofiira salt zina angathe kulandira otsika limatsogolera zitsulo amene ntchito shipbuilding ndi ndege yomanga.

Kupezeka kwa madipoziti mafuta

Poganizira mchere mchere wa Perm Krai (ena zithunzi amaoneka pamwamba), muyenera ndithudi kutchula anapeza mwangozi munda mafuta. Pofuna kudziwa malire a zakale timu m'madzi expanses wa Akatswiriwa, kutumikiridwa ndi Preobrazhenskiy P. I., mu 1928 mkati midzi m'mudzi Verhnechusovskie anachita kufufuza zina, nkhokwe kwambiri unexplored mchere. Palibe ngakhale sanathe kuganiza kuti iwo adzapeza malo mafuta pobowola. The kwambiri kuti ntchito ikaleka chifukwa cha kusowa migodi mchere. Nthawiyi Chiwalitsiro anakana kuthetsa kuboola anaganiza kupitiriza pobowola ndi kuzama zina pachitsimepo.

Luso sanamugwiritse Iye mwala Chief zamiyala - ndi akuya pafupifupi 330 mamita ali thanthwe, wodzazidwa ndi mafuta. Mwamwayi, zinali kwambiri pamwamba mafuta filimu. Pa malo a bwino choyamba, mwaulemu dzina "Agogo", anapereka nsanja. Nthawi yatsoka oyamba anagumula pansi kasupe kwa nthawi yaitali mu chikumbukiro anthu, m'mawu ntchito zolembalemba, essays, Maulendo.

Kudziwika yotsatira madipoziti mafuta mchere wa dera Perm zinachitika mu 1934 mu Krasnokamsk. nthawi ino, monga wina m'mbuyomu, palibe amene ankaganiza kuti kachiwiri ndithu kupeza zimene mukufuna. Musanayambe mutatulukira mafuta, mumzinda anaganiza kubowola artesian masika. Posachedwa pafupi Akatswiriwa anapeza minda angapo, kuphatikizapo Osinskoye, Chernushinskogo, Kuedinsky, Ohrid ndi ena.

Coalfield m'dera Perm

chuma mchere wa dera Perm (chithunzi ndi dzina la angapezeke mu periodicals apadera) mu mndandanda wake ali ndi malasha. Ngakhale pakali pano, ndi nkhokwe khala otsiriza ali osakwanira kuphimba zofuna kutulutsidwa kwa Kama, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti Mwachitsanzo, Kizel khala beseni amapereka mafuta ku mbali yaikulu ya gawo Russian kwa zaka zoposa mazana awiri.

Izo ntchito mu malo Kutentha, zomera mafakitale, zomera zitsulo ndi kwa Kutentha kwa anthu.

M'zigawo za zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, ndi miyala

M'madera ena zikupitilirabe m'zigawo ya diamondi wapatali. Zikupezeka miyala ndi miyala placers mtsinje m'malire. Advantageously, mu malo awa pali miyala colorless, koma Nthawi zambiri diamondi chikasu ndi buluu mitundu. Diamondi - diamondi faceted. malangizo amenewa ndi mtengo makamaka mkulu. Iwo zinkagwira ntchito jewelers kulenga katswiri awo. Diamondi nthaŵi zambiri amagwiritsira ntchito njira zambiri zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, iwo sangakhoze kuchita popanda kukumba miyala zovuta, processing galasi, zitsulo ndi miyala.

Akuti daimondi koyamba Permian serf mnyamata wa khumi ndi zinai, Pasha Popov. Pambuyo pake anapatsidwa Freestyle monga Zikomo anapeza wapatali. Moyandikana, pafupi ndi dziwe Vishera Mtsinje, kwa pafupi zaka ncho golide. Minda bwino kutchedwa Popovski phiri ndi Chuvalskoe.

Mitundu ina ya mchere

Ena chuma m'dera Perm anayeza nkhokwe yaikulu, amene adzakhala m'zaka zoposa chimodzi. Zikuphatikizapo zinthu peat, amene, monga mwa kuyambirira Ziwerengero za miyala ya dongosolo matani biliyoni angapo. Peat n'chofunika kwambiri makamaka osati monga mafuta komanso feteleza Mwachibadwa zomera.

Komanso Dziwani kuti dongo, mchenga, miyala, gypsum - amtengo wolemera Perm. Mchere wa sipekitiramu zofunikira. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito pa zomangamanga.