Ndi tsankho Kodi maonekedwe ake ndi chitukuko mbiri

Today pali yaikulu zosiyanasiyana mfundo za ndale komanso. M'zaka za m'ma wotsiriza unali vuto lenileni chifukwa cha maonekedwe pa siteji dziko la gululi, monga kusankhana mitundu. Zotsatira chinayambitsa mayankho ambiri otsutsana. Komabe, kodi tsankho?

Mau oyamba olembedwa mu French dictionary Larousse mu naintini m'chaka wachiwiri. Pali yankho la funso "kodi tsankho" anali: dongosolo kuti ananenetsa chapamwamba cha mtundu umodzi pa ena. Kodi mlanduwu?

Malinga ndi wamkulu Chilamulo Dictionary, lolembedwa ndi Sukharev ndi Krutskikh tsankho - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa pangozi yaikulu padziko lonse. Ndi mfundo ndi unsembe wa tsankho, ozikidwa pa olakwika mitundu komanso tsankho.

tsankho ali ndi chimene muli zizindikiro zake? dongosolo kandalama ndi makhalidwe institutionalized wa kukuchititsa zimenezi kumabweretsa vuto lochitira, komanso zoti ubwenzi woterewu pakati pa magulu osiyana a anthu tidalungamitsidwa onse abwino ndiponso makhalidwe abwino, ndi za chikumbumtima, ndale ndiponso mfundo za sayansi view. mfundo izi zachokera kayendedwe ka mawonetseredwe mu malamulo ndi kuchita.

Kodi tsankho? Ichi ndi chiphunzitso chimene aliyense mtundu kapena fuko gulu ali ndi ufulu wolamulira wodzikweza ndi anthu ena (ngakhale ali psevdoobosnovaniya pamaso pa malingaliro yokha). Zochita izi umaonekera kuponderezedwa kwa anthu pa malo ena aliwonse (mtundu, mbadwa, dziko kapena fuko chiyambi). Pamsonkhano wa mayiko pa Kucotsa Kusala limodzi zikwi mazana asanu ndi chaka sikisite-sikisi, analengeza kuti tsankho ndi mlandu. Aliyense maonekedwe ake ndi chilango mwa lamulo.

Malinga ndi msonkhano uno, kusankhana mitundu tinganene kuti chiletso aliyense, zokonda kapena osati potengera khungu, mtundu kapena chiyambi, amene ali ndi cholinga kuononga kapena impairing ufulu kuzindikiridwa, ndi chiletso cha mwayi ndi ufulu mu ndale, chuma chake, miyambo, kapena cikhalidwe.

Ankaona akuti anaonekera m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, pamene French Gobingo anali atapereka maganizo chapamwamba cha mtundu Aryan pa ena. Komanso pansi mfundo imeneyi mwachidule kuphatikizapo umboni zoyerekeza-sayansi choonadi. Makamaka pachimake anali vuto la chisonyezo cha tsankho mu USA (United States). A ambiri African America, anthu akomweko, osamuka wafunsira kanthu zikuluzikulu zochokera kusankhana mitundu yonse. Ndipo tsopano, kusankhana mitundu America zimagwiritsa ntchito ya wowopsa gulu Ku Klux Klan.

Mu zaka za m'ma otsiriza, ndi maganizo ndi wapamwamba koposa ena pa ena, anayamba ndi kulolerana wa Darwin, eugenics, Malthusianism, nzeru za olamulirawo ndi misanthropy, elitism ndi nzeru ena monga Haykraft, Kidd, Lapudzh, Volta, Chamberlain Amoni, Nietzsche, Shoppengauer, anakhala maziko malingaliro a Fascism. Iwo anapanga maziko a chiphunzitso cholakwika ndipo amalimbikitsa tsankho, kusankhana mitundu, atsankho, lingaliro ndi wapamwamba koposa "oyera Aryan mtundu" woposa ena onse.