Kodi udindo wa kugombe-okhala mu kuphunzira m'mayiko kumpoto chiyani? Titsimikizidwa zimenezi, kuphunzira Pomorie

Kodi udindo wa kugombe-okhala mu kuphunzira m'mayiko kumpoto, kumene anachokera ndiponso mmene moyo? Mafunso amenewa akhoza adayankha, aliyense Russian. Pa mbiri ya gombe-okhala mukudziwa angapo. Izi subethnos pangozi, ngakhale nambala yawo, ali ndi mbiri. Iwo akuphunzira miyambo ya makono gombe-okhala, n'zotheka kumvetsa zimene anali miyambo ya Lazaro akale.

ndi amene Pomors

Pomorie - izi ndi limodzi mwa magulu wamkulu mtundu wa anthu Russian. Iwo ankadziwika m'masiku a ulamuliro wa Novgorod Wamkulu. Pa kugwa kwa anthu a mafuko ndi ndondomeko maphunziro Russ Pomors anapitiriza chogwiritsira adzakhala mu White nyanja. Asayansi apeza kuti anthu a masiku ano ndi Russian North ndi mbadwa za anthu Chud, Karelia ndi Asilavo wakale. Kodi gombe-okhala, anthu aphunzira okha pa nkhondo yogonjetsa dziko la Siberia. Cossacks ambiri anamanga "Zimovniki" pafupi midzi Pomor, chifukwa zinali zotheka kusinthanitsa ndi anthu akuderalo ndi amene ankalamulira zingatheke kuukira zida (chifukwa cha kuyandikana yosiyanasiyana).

Chifukwa remoteness wa midzi ndi kusowa pafupifupi kulankhulana ndi dzikoli Pomors anathawa ukapolo. Wamba anakhalabe Freestyle. Iwo ankachita nsomba, nyama komanso kukafufuza. Pa nthawi yomweyo tinapitiriza kuchita mwambo wa Chikhristu "lakale". Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti staroverchestvo kukhala mphamvu zinathandiza mtundu.

Yowonjezera North

Kuti amvetsetse chimene chili mbali ya kugombe-okhala mu kuphunzira m'mayiko kumpoto, ayenera amatchula zikalata nthawi ya chitukuko chapakati Siberia. Pambuyo pa ulendo woyamba wa Ermak anadziŵa mayiko ambiri a kum'mawa ndi kumpoto. Mfumu kalata ufulu Cossacks n'kumachita amavomereza maulendowa latsopano. Pomorie, samasankha nawo moyo ndale za dziko, akhala ophunzira mwakhama chitukuko. Atsamunda anatsatira mayunitsi pasadakhale ndiponso kumanga mizinda pa malo akale wintering.

Pomors anazolowera kukhala mu mavuto, kotero iwo mosavuta ndinazolowera chilengedwe cha kumpoto kwa Siberia. Atsamunda mosavuta kubala chakudya chawo ndipo amapereka. Mu zina, ndinamenya nawo asilikali pa anawazunza wa mafuko woyendayendawu.

Chikhalidwe chanu

M'kupita kwa nthawi, nyanja kumpoto-okhala anayamba kuphunzira ndi anthu akuderalo. Iwo mwakhama kufufuza gombe la White Sea. mayiko amenewa anali wa nsomba ndi masewera, kotero wamba anapita uko pofunafuna moyo wabwino. Tinayenda Pomors makamaka pa bwato.

Mbiri yakale, madera ena a ku White nyanja anthu Finno-Ugric. Kuyambira malo awa Novgorod ulamuliro akhala phunziro la kuwonjezeka zonse. Kotero tsopano kwambiri mbali Chifinishi angapezeke mu chikhalidwe cha Pomorie. Kwa zaka zambiri, zoona Pomors anatsala okha. Chifukwa cha kukula yaing'ono ndi malo akutali okhala, fuko lino anali pansi pa ulamuliro wathunthu wa mfumu.

zamalonda

Arkhangelsk gombe-okhala anamanga midzi pamodzi njira zamalonda. Asanakwere wachifumu Petra Velikogo Angelo anali limodzi mwa madoko waukulu wa dziko. njira ina malonda inkadutsa Onega. Pa anali katundu kwa chapakati Russia kuti Scandinavia. Anthu wamba akutithandiza zedi mu kulamulira kwa m'mayiko ena.

Peter ndinamvetsetsa zimene ndi udindo wa kugombe-okhala mu kuphunzira m'mayiko kumpoto, choncho ndinaganiza kuti kulowerera pa moyo wawo. Pansi wamba pakadalibe kupeza chakudya chawo, ndipo anapita mu ulendo kumpoto. Choncho Russian America anatulukira. Iwo Pomors woyamba phazi pa dziko Alaska. Komabe, ndi kutsegula kwa ochita malonda kudutsa Baltic Nyanja mbali ya Arkhangelsk ndi Murmansk izo sizinali choncho kwambiri. Pomors ngakhale lalikulu zedi kupita ku dziko unexplored pamwamba pa Arctic Circle. Kupatula Siberia, komanso kufufuza dera Trans-Urals. Ngakhale tsopano, pali ena anasunga matabwa nyumba - "mphamvu m'ndende".

The mzaka zana makumi awiri wabweretsa kutsogolera zatsopano chitukuko cha Russian North. Non-kuzizira nyanja anakhala malo chachikulu maulendo zoyendera mu Europe. mzinda Romanov pa Murom anakhazikitsidwa. Mu First World nkhondo kuno katundu wa Entente. More gombe wapatali akuimira mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Apa wa kongoletsani-pangano akubwera thandizo lochokera ku anzawo a Soviet Union mu odana ndi Hitler mgwirizano.

Chikhalidwe chapachiyambi

N'zovuta kudziwa ndendende zimene udindo wa Pomorie mu kuphunzira m'mayiko kumpoto, chifukwa palibe njira bwino chizindikiritso cha mtundu uwu. Ife tikungodziwa chinthu chimodzi: anthu a kumpoto adzipangira chopereka zikuluzikulu chitukuko cha Siberia ndi Russian Trans-Urals America.

Today Pomors kupitiriza chogwiritsira adzakhala mu White nyanja. chikhalidwe chawo chapadera wakhala anawazunza wosamukasamuka, kusintha kwa mfumu, nthawi Soviet ndipo tsopano ndi phunziro la ndi azambiriyakale ambiri ndi ofufuza.