Mtundu Crystal - utawaleza pa kalilole

mankhwala Crystal anaonekera zaka zambiri zapitazo. Chitsimikizo cha ichi - anapeza ofukula zinthu zakale zofukulidwa makombo a galasi. Point a Miphika akuda Krustalo a masiku a masiku amakedzana. mankhwala Crystal ntchito ndi Aroma. Iwo makina, zipangizo, zodzikongoletsera.

Czech kapena akuda Krustalo kwa zaka wodala ndi munthu. Adawonekeranso iye Bohemia - malo amene anadzakhala Czech Republic, iye, pang'ono amadziwika. Kodi moyo wa anthu ake, monga zinatha - sitikudziwa. Pozindikira maphunziro a mbiri, kuti asanakhale Czech Republic, izo zinakhala pansi pa dzina Bohemia.

Wachikuda galasi galasi ngale

Chinthu china - Chibohemiya galasi. Dzina limeneli lidakalipobe mpaka lero. mankhwala wotchuka kwa galasi Chibohemiya otchuka padziko lonse. Ndi zinthu cholimba, kupatula wokongola. Mbali Aika - zodabwitsa iridescent mitundu, amene amathandiza mu cheza cha kuwala, osatembenukira ku silhouettes lowoneka.

Mu ngodya zonse za dziko, ndi ofunika kuposa galasi ina. The glassmakers woyamba amene katswiri njira ya kulenga Chibohemiya galasi, anali Czechs. Choncho, wotchedwa - Chibohemiya mtundu krustalo.

Crystal- mwanaalirenji

mankhwala kale ku Bohemia galasi akhoza kugula konse. Iye ankaona ndi item mwanaalirenji. Crystal kupeza yekha omveka ndi olemera. Wamba ndi chinachake cha galasi Czech sikunali kotheka.

Ndipo kuyambira zaka za m'ma 12, zinthu zinasintha. Czech Republic amakhala mayiko olemera, osauka makampani kupanga galasi. Kuyambira kumayambiriro 90 ntchentche za m'ma XVI pali lonse galasi-kuwomba pagululo. Ndipo posachedwapa, akuda galasi linayamba kupezeka ndi anthu wamba.

Zosiyanasiyana Czech Krustalo

Ndipotu Dziwani kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya krustalo. Krustalo zachilengedwe ndi m'mafakitale anapangidwa ndi anthu. Lero, pali mitundu 4 kusitalo;

1. Mountain (a mankhwala achilengedwe).
2. Barium.
3. Patsogolo.
4. Kashiamu ndi potaziyamu.

Industrial mtundu galasi analengedwa ndi kusakaniza okusayidi otsogolera silika, kulumikiza ndi sodium, potaziyamu ndi oxides zina zowonjezera.

Izi galasi luso chilengedwe imatengedwa ovuta kwambiri ndi woopsa kwambiri. Kulephera kutsatira mfundo specifications zingakhale zomvetsa chisoni.

Pamene galasi ndi chopangidwa ntchito otsogolera barium, muyenera kutentha kwambiri kufika madigiri 1500. Limagwiritsa ntchito zina zosiyana ndi mchenga silika. Ndi thandizo lawo, analenga galasi wamphamvu.

Wapadera galasi ulusi

Mtundu krustalo "Bohemia" anatchuka chifukwa ulusi wapadera pa galasi, amene anali anayambitsa Aroma wakale. kusema limeneli kalelo chokongoletsedwa ndi ziwiya zosiyanasiyana. Kenako njira imeneyi anamugwiritsa ntchito kupanga mankhwala galasi.

Court jeweler mfumu ya Rudolf II anali oyamba kukhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polenga njira wakale wa mankhwala galasi, potero ulemu yekha, ndi galasi padziko lonse. Iye amakonda kuchita wapadera yake njira. mankhwala Izi kudula galasi ndi chosema chabwino, diamondi mbali ndi puncturing.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, nyengo yatsopano ya galasi-ikuwomba. Wapadera, choyambirira kalembedwe zaluso Chibohemiya galasi odulidwa anamwazikana padziko lonse. Zamgululi zopangidwa Czech galasi zinatchuka zosaneneka mu Europe. Ndipo posachedwa mankhwala ali chidwi msika lonse mu Middle East.

mankhwala onse aluso Czech kusiyana ndi mankhwala amisiri ena. Ine anagunda galasi wachikuda, poyamba pa zonse, ndi wapadera zokongoletsa kukongola. Woyamba amene anayamba kufunafuna Czech galasi, anali sultans Ottoman.

Komabe, mu VI m'ma Czech galasi sinali pa galasi kuti tsopano. Izo sizinali mpaka kumapeto kwa 1676, mwachitsanzo mpaka nthawi monga blower galasi, ndi Briton ndi kubadwa, osati woyengedwa mu galasi Chibohemiya kuwonjezera okusayidi patsogolo. Mmisiri Rayvenskroft anayesera njira zambiri.

Adafuna kulenga amphamvu ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, kapu wokongola. A malo apadera mwa zatsopano anatenga onyenga diamondi. Iye anatenga chikho wokongola, sonorous ndi cholimba zakuthupi.

Mkubwela kwa galasi anaonekera galasi choyamba. Izo zinali zosiyana mitundu yonse ya nzeru ndi phokoso amazipanga kukongola. Kenako Czech glassmaker Mueller wagwiritsa ntchito kukwaniritsa Rayvenskrofta, kenako pakati pa 1684 panali wachikuda Krustalo, ndi momwe ife tikudziwa izo. Masiku ano, Czech Republic, ntchito njira ziwiri kupanga galasi:

1. Bohemia galasi.
2. Utoto galasi.

Mfundo Chibohemiya Krustalo

Sacramenti ya chilengedwe ake amapita m'ma. Polenga galasi Chibohemiya izo amagwiritsa ntchito luso lakale la ulimi wake. Chifukwa cha iwo, pambuyo kuchiritsa, zimaonekeratu, wamphamvu, ndi luster wapadera.

Crystal amakhala choncho chifukwa cha ntchito ya carvers ndi polishers. The ntchito lonse zachitika chonse mwa dzanja, zomwe zimachititsa galasi kunyezimira ndime ndi diamondi.