Koyefishienti wa kutsetsereka mikangano ndi anagubuduza

Zinthu zakuthambo aliyense kusuntha thupi (kapena kubwera zoyenda) anakumana ndi malo ozungulira kapena thunthu ndi matupi ena. Pankhaniyi, mphamvu tionetse kuti kupereka kukana kuti gulu lawo. Mphamvu zimenezi zimatchedwa mphamvu mikangano iwo kusamutsa gawo la mphamvu mawotchi za kayendedwe mphamvu mkati, amene anatsagana ndi matupi Kutentha ndi chilengedwe.

Mikangano ndi kunja ndi mkati. Internal (mwinamwake otchedwa kukhuthala) ndi zosayembekezereka wa asilikali tangential pakati kusunthira wosanjikiza madzimadzi kapena mafuta zoletsa kuti gulu limeneli.

Mosiyana, mikangano kunja limapezeka pa mgwirizano wa zolimba mu mawonekedwe a mphamvu tangential pamwamba ndi impeding m'gulu lawo mangawawo. Izo, nawonso, lagawidwa malo amodzi (malo amodzi mikangano) ndi kinematic. Malo amodzi mikangano Umaoneka mumayesa kusuntha thupi limodzi wachibale n'kupuma wina. Kinematic ulipo pakati pa kusuntha matupi, anakumana ndi mzake. mikangano kunja angathe kugawidwa anagubuduza ndi kutsetsereka kukhululukirana.

ndi tanthauzo thupi la mikangano chiyani? Imathandiza kapena zoipa? Koyamba, ndi mikangano okha kupewa kuvala mbali makina, matayala galimoto, nsapato zidendene ali achotsa, etc. Ndipo kukhazikitsidwa .. lopitirira zoyenda si zotheka chifukwa ichi. Koma kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala kwambiri. Mikangano kutha - ife sitingathe kuyenda kapena tikutembenuzika buku kapena kunyamuka galimoto kapena kusiya ikuyenda. A nambala yaikulu zochitika thupi mu dziko zachokera kukhululukirana. Zomwe ziwiri zikuluzikulu za anthu amene athandiza chitukuko cha chitukuko - ulimi wa moto ndi kuyambitsa kwa gudumu - sizikanatheka popanda izo.

zodabwitsazi zachokera monyanyira matupi iliyonse: mphako wina anakumana nthawi amamatira ku roughness pamwamba pa ena. Kuti mwangwiro yosalala (mwachitsanzo, mosamala wonyezimira) pamalo mwamphamvu pafupi wina ndi mnzake, malamulo a mikangano maselo zochokera kukondana la tinthu lapansi.

Kuphunzira sayansi mikangano tribology. Mu 1781, French sayansi C. Coulomb kukonza malamulo kunayambitsa mikangano youma. Empirically ofufuza anapeza kuti mphamvu mikangano ndi F, zikuchitika pa kutsetsereka, ndi mwachindunji njila kwa mphamvu kuchita thupi N kuthamanga bwinobwino. ubwenzi umenewu ndiwo motere:

N: F = K ∙ N;

kumene kuchuluka K - mikangano koyefishienti (njila koyefishienti). Mtengo wake inaŵerengeredwa motere: Thupi aikidwa pa ndege okonda ndi tilting izo atapeza yunifolomu apaulendo. Pankhaniyi, mphamvu mikangano F ndi wofanana ndi mphamvu ya galimoto P:

F = P ∙ tchimo;

Mphamvu N (yachibadwa kuthamanga mphamvu) ndi wofanana P ∙ Ko munthu; chifukwa K = tg a. The koyefishienti wa mikangano ndi apa tangent a padziko ndingaliro ngodya pa zimene Wopanda thupi uniformly, mwachitsanzo. E. Pa liwiro zonse.

Zochita kufunika kwake kuchita masamu pafupifupi yekha. Pamwamba pa thupi, zambiri mu digiri ina zakhudzana ndi oxides, dzimbiri ndi zosafunika ena. mikangano koyefishienti anatsimikiza kuti ma pairwise zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuyesa, anadzetsa matebulo wapadera pakuyenerera.

Anagubuduza mikangano umatheka choona kuti avundulidwe gudumu ndi pang'ono mbamuikha mu pamwamba msewu, mwachitsanzo. E. Iwo ali kuti agonjetse hillock yaing'ono. M'pamenenso msewu, ndi kupatula kugundana ndi wochepa mphamvu kukhululukirana. Mtengo wake ndi kuchita masamu mu nkhani iyi ndi njira: F = K ∙ N / r Mukhoza, imene R - kufunika kwa utali wozungulira gudumu. Choncho, pakubwezeretsa mikangano koyefishienti ali kutalika gawo. Kawirikawiri yafotokozedwera masentimita monga ankatsutsa koyefishienti kutsetsereka mikangano, umene ndi kuchuluka dimensionless.

Monga tanena za mkati mikangano koyefishienti alipo osati kwa zolimba komanso zakumwa. hydraulics nthawi zambiri chofunika kuwerengera imfa mphamvu yeniyeni mu kachitidwe hayidiroliki akuwuka mu mapaipi a. Iwo ali a mitundu iwiri: chitayiko kutalika wochokera mu mipope molunjika ndi yunifolomu otaya, ndi imfa wamba chifukwa - otaya mapindikidwe chifukwa kusintha mawonekedwe njira (chidule, thambo kasinthasintha). zomvetsa hayidiroliki mopitirira ntchito phindu chomwecho, chimene chimatchedwa "koyefishienti wa mikangano hayidiroliki".