Kukhoza malamulo nzika: lingaliro ndi wokhutira zoletsa

Lingaliro la nthawi ndi ochititsa mphamvu malamulo nzika amaonedwa zathu mdziko lathu ndipo iwo ndi Malamulo. Makamaka, kugwira ntchito mu dziko ayenera kukhala malangizo amene mphamvu kumapereka lingaliro kuti ufulu wa anthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi ntchito nkoyenera pa nzika iliyonse. Ikufotokoza GC mu 17 TH nkhani.

General chiphunzitso

mbali chifungulo cha mphamvu malamulo:

• ndikosatheka kupatuka;
• abstractness.

Wa Civil Code, ndizoonekeratu kuti boma mphamvu malamulo nzika (lingaliro, okhutira, chiyambi, kutha - onse ataphimbidwa mu kuchita izi zofunika malamulo) akhoza kumva, ngati ife bwinobwino udindo wa, ufulu wa nzika zimene zilipo kwa iwo mwa malamulo a dziko. Ndizoonekeratu mwachindunji kuti malongosoledwe a mphamvu zochokera chakuti munthu weniweni - ichi ndi yapadera ya maganizo ndi thupi magawo, komanso chinthu chimene ali malamulo, chikhalidwe khalidwe.

Kodi kuona apongozi?

Kuti timvetse mwatsatanetsatane zimene ndi lingaliro, zili ndi phindu la mphamvu nzika ayenera amatchula gwero pachiyambi, mwachitsanzo Civil Code. Great chidwi mfundo imeneyi zake 18 TH nkhani. Limavumbula mndandanda wa ufulu yapachiweniweni amaonedwa achikhazikitso, lofunika kwambiri m'dziko lathu.

ndi nanga?

ufulu Kodi yapachiweniweni angatchedwe yotyani? Lingaliro ndi ochititsa mphamvu malamulo nzika - anthu zikusonyeza akupenyetsetsa malamulo otsatirawa:

• chuma cha chuma;
• akalola;
• cholowa;
• bizinesi mwa lamulo;
• kunena wotuluka;
• bungwe mabungwe alamulo;
• nawo udindo;
• malinga ndi kukoma kwanu kusankha kumene moyo;
• kukopera.

Kodi onse?

Ya malamulo kumasulira lingaliro ndi ochititsa mphamvu yapachiweniweni malamulo nzika, komanso motere kuti anthu ena ufulu wina:

• chuma;
• Moral.

Zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kwa anthu ufulu mwachindunji zotchulidwa mu lamulo, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kuti amenyane ndi lingaliro la chilamulo boma ndi mfundo malamulo a mayikowo. Izi zimapangitsa losatheka kupanga mndandanda wa mwayi ku mawonedwe ufulu wa chibadidwe kwa nzika wamba a dziko lathu. Pa nthawi yomweyo wonenedwa 18 TH Nkhani ya mndandanda zotha kuonetsetsa kuti aliyense anabadwa chithunzithunzi cha mmene ufulu titchedwe zofunika kwambiri, ndi amene simuli gulu. Choncho, mfundo ndi ochititsa mphamvu malamulo ndi mphamvu nzika amafotokozedwa 18 TH Nkhani ya Civil Code kapena kutsatira ku mfundo zimene zili kuchita izi normative linasindikizidwa.

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Mu kuphunzira mawu a Article 18 momveka bwino kuti Mwachitsanzo, lamulo lolamulira kuti munthu aliyense akhoza katundu, ndi chofunika kwambiri kwa mapangidwe katundu ufulu. Koma sikuti iye yekha. Kalembedwe yosavuta zambiri za lamulo, limene limafotokoza mphamvu nzika (lingaliro, okhutira, chiletso), potero kuika maziko zambiri asapita yapachiweniweni malamulo amene alipo anthu masiku ano. Izi zikuphatikizapo, ndi imakhudzana ndi maudindo osiyana. Mafotokozedwe ndi losavuta: mwachoonadi n'zosatheka kukhala membala wa Relations Katundu, ngati palibe ufulu chinachake kuti zinthu zina kukhala mwini.

Chimene icho chiri, ndi chimene simuchita

Kungokhala ndi mtundu wa mphamvu malamulo m'dziko lathu. Pa nthawi yomweyo sitingathe kunena ngati anthu awiri ali ndi ufulu wofanana kwambiri voliyumu. Koma n'zotheka, mwachitsanzo, malo a ufulu angathe wofanana onse. Kukhoza mphamvu sanalemberetu ndi ntchito za munthu, ngakhale ali ndi ufulu wa chibadidwe.

Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za kulingalira ndi motere. Tiyerekeze kuti pali munthu wina amene chuma - zogona nyumba. Pa nthawi imeneyi, iye ali ndi ufulu wa mwini. Koma ngati anali ndi chilakolako, nzika adzalandira nyumba wogulitsa bwino. Koma nzika ya nenani, katundu alibe zinthu koyamba, ndiyo nyumba analibe. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti patapita kanthawi iye sakanakhoza kukhala ndi ufulu wa wogulitsa.

Tikaganiza ife tiri kulakwitsa

zolakwa chakale anafotokoza mfundo mfundo - ndi kukana chachiwiri ufulu nzika ya wogulitsa nyumba. Iwo amayamba ndi chakuti anthu amene amati umaimira mfundo ndi luso posungira wa nzika kwambiri, zodabwitsazi amamangidwa ndi zinthu zenizeni pano ndi tsopano. ufulu zotengera malingaliridwe chibadidwe kuti munthu weniweni, mulibe kulankhulana mwamavuvu ndi zinthu zonse zoperekedwa ndi lamulo. CC amapereka zosiyanasiyana zimene munthuyo mwina ali ndi ufulu - mu zinthu zambiri, ngakhale amene konse kutenga malo mu moyo wa nzika wamba.

Kuphunzira malamulo kufotokoza mfundo ndi ochititsa mphamvu malamulo a nzika Ndizachidziwikire kuti mpata kuti akhale mwini wa chinthu, chinthu - uyu si mchitidwe mphamvu malamulo. M'malo mwake, zili mphamvu ali ngati chinthu mwayi kuti mukhale nayo ena umwini chinthu. Choncho, pansi pa malamulo amakono mphamvu mulingo wa nzika (lingaliro, okhutira, maonekedwe, kuchotsa anafotokoza mu Civil Code) motere: Munthu m'zonse zokhudza udindo zikhoza kukhala. Zimenezi zikugwira nyumba zogona, zing'onozing'ono. Komanso, kungakhale ubale wabwino, conjugate ndi zinthu losavuta - inde ngakhale zidole ndi zovala.

Ndipo zimene motere pamenepa?

Tiyerekeze kuti munthu, ali yake, kutenga mulinso kupatulana ake. Iye ali pambali m'njira zosiyanasiyana: mungathe kugulitsa, motero mukumaliza mgwirizano, mukhoza ndalama kapena ntchito mwayi zina mwa lamulo. Lingaliro ndi ochititsa mphamvu malamulo nzika nthawi Palibe kusintha ndi ulemu kwa munthu, palibe ufulu wa chibadidwe.

Ndi ofanana ndi vuto ngati pamene bwalo analandidwa katundu munthu kapena lamulo kutsirizitsa umwini. Zimenezi adzagwiritsa ntchito ku chinthu chinachake, amene wakhala nawo kungochita mlanduwu, koma sikumangotikhudza ufulu ndi mwayi munthuyo.

Ndipo ngati inu mukuti wosalira zambiri?

Lingaliro ndi ochititsa mphamvu malamulo nzika, limene Civil Code wa dziko lino tiri anthu, ngakhale pazifukwa zina kunapezeka iikidwe (awoawo kapena gulu lina chifuniro) zina chuma amakhalabe ndi ufulu kupeza wina watsopano. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti nzika iliyonse ali ngati katundu ufulu ndi kupeza ufulu watsopano katundu.

Pa dzanja limodzi, malamulo a dziko lathu amanenedwa ndi njira ya lamulo la makhalidwe a anthu, kuti boma la chilungamo adalakika. Okhutira ndi maganizo mphamvu malamulo nzika wotere kuti n'zosatheka kapena kuletsa tsopano, osati kuchepetsa chibadidwe ufulu wa anthu a mmudzi malamulo m'tsogolo. Kuti, muchisanzo chimenechi makamaka kwa malo, khoti akhoza kulamula kuti wotsutsana ndi kupezeka uziyenda, koma sizipanga, ngati munthu uyu akapanda ufulu nazo zinthu, tsopano kapena mtsogolo.

Palibe cholepheretsa! Kodi izi ndi zoona?

Pamwambapa zikusonyeza kuti mfundo m'munsi: chilamulo panopa sangathe mwa njira iliyonse asagwiritse mphamvu kwa nzika zonse. Lingaliro la zodabwitsazi ndi nkhani amafotokozedwa Civil Code, ngati kuti mosamala kuwulula njira ya lamulo la zinthu.

Mwachidule, mtengo wa ufulu akhoza okha, ndi zina zenizeni, ngakhale kutero. Chophweka njira kuwaona ndi zotsatirazi: mphamvu zikutanthauza kuti nzika iliyonse ali ndi ufulu wosankha malo okhala padziko kukoma ndi kukhala pano. Koma malinga ndi lamulo ulamuliro zochita mwina pa kulowa mu mphamvu ya munthu amene adzayenera momwemo pa mwachindunji kwa pamalowo. Mu kufanana ndondomeko boma limaletsa zogona kwina.

No chitsanzo zochepa lucid ndi bizinesi. Ngati aliyense nzika ya Russia, malamulo ndi ufulu umenewu ntchito ndi zochita bwalo ndi munthu makamaka akhoza kuletsa. Komabe, ngakhale kuvomerezedwa chiletso: khoti akhoza zoika chiletso. Pa mlingo uliwonse, munthu akhoza kusunga malire a ufulu.

Kodi chiphunzitso kuchita?

Chifukwa ndife a chilamulo kuli munthu aliyense limodzi ufulu onse, amene anamuika pa Civil Code - ndi chodabwitsa chachikulu, limene linapatsa ufulu wofanana, mwayi wofanana ndi zinthu zabwino pa moyo ndi chitukuko mbali chitukuko ndi malamulo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zosavomerezeka kungotenga ndi kuchepetsa ufulu wina chabe chifukwa "akufuna."

Kumana munthu ufulu, kapena kukana ufulu bizinesi, kugwira ntchito kwa nzika ya ntchitoyi, chilango chigawenga zimatheka pamene lamulo kuchita. Pankhaniyi okha chilichonse mphamvu malamulo akhoza zolamulidzwazo potsata malamulo a boma, si zosiyana ndi zolembedwa achikhazikitso, monga: Constituion, Chikalata cha Human Rights.

Ndipo pamene ntchito?

N'zotheka kuchepetsa mphamvu malamulo a nzika ngati kumene mlandu - utsogoleri, chigawenga. Ngati chilamulo cha khalidwe limeneli amayenera ndizigwirizana izo, monga ulamuliro, ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu.

Izo zinachitika kuti munthu sangathe zoika chiletso ntchito mphamvu malamulo, ndithu paokha, komanso sangathe kutaya zinthu za mphamvu.

Ndipo zitsanzo?

Tangoyeserani nzika ayenera kusiya mudzi, wosankhidwa wake kale kukhazikikamo. Chifukwa, iye ananena kuti sakufuna kuposa kuona banja lake wakale - mkazi wake, amene banja mwana. Malinga ndi makhoti udindo amene tikambirane opanda kanthu.

Koma nzika, iye wakuti kudzapereka zochita null alionse, kapena kuyiwala za izo - Zili kwa munthuyo. Kuti ndi chilakolako okwanira ndi kukhumba, anati munthu yemwe akanakhoza konse kwenikweni kusiya mzinda wakale, kuti salinso intersect ndi amene anali banja lake. Koma chinthu amenewo mwa njira iliyonse mlingo wa chiletso. Fotokozani mosavuta kuposa: ngakhale nzika, kuchoka, ikhala zotheka kusunga malo omwewo. Ndipotu iye basi azindikira chinachake kuchokera okwana ufulu: kukhalabe mu malo omwewo, kapena kusankha munthu watsopano. Iye amachita monga iye akufuna.

Ndipo kodi izo kutsogolera?

Malamulo a dziko wathu aliyense ndi ufulu wosankha malo mu moyo wanu, chimene zikuwoneka yoyenera kwambiri munthu, zabwino ndi yabwino. Kumene, pali kuchotserapo: Mwachitsanzo, sizingakhale choncho n'zosavuta kupeza mu mzinda kapena nyumba pawekha m'dera malire. Koma watenga milandu payokha yapadera. Mu chimake ambiri, munthu ali ndi ufulu wopita kulikonse kumene wasankha. Ndipo palibe zotsatira malamulo a sadzapulumuka m'mudzimo kapena M'malo mwake, loletsa zimenezi. Kumene, ngati mawu si mlandu.

Ndipo ngati chitsanzo?

Monga mwachitsanzo tafotokozazi, zikuonekeratu kuchita: Mkazi wakale kale munthu banja amene anasonyeza kuti akufuna kupita ku malo ena, kotero kuti si kukumana, akhoza kutenga mwanayo ndipo pambuyo munthu.

mwamuna ananena cholinga chake chofuna kusintha malo sangathe ananena kuchita kuzengereza kuphedwa mlandu mpaka osawerengeka. Mwamakhalidwe, izo zikhoza kukhala zabwino kwambiri, koma mawu a ziyenera a zinthu mogwirizana ndi chilamulo palibe zofunika. Mu iliyonse mwa njira onse achibale tikuzindikira, mu kuchita, anawapatsa lamulo ufulu wosankha malo abwino moyo. Ku maganizo a chilamulo mu lotereli zilibe kanthu, mtundu wa zifukwa chifukwa cha zochita chomaliza.

Akudalira?

Wa Civil Code ayenera kukhala kuti si munthu wabadwa, nthawi yomweyo kamakhala ataima. Kuti adzakhala yodziwika ndi nzika ya dziko pa nthawi yoikidwayo kwa iye, ndipo imfa idzatha. Jurisprudence saganizira zimagwirira kuti tipeze tsiku lobadwa, imfa, akukhulupirira kuti mfundo ngati yekha thupi ndi wapadera mfundo ufulu ayi.

Biology ndi Chilamulo

Ku maganizo a chilamulo adzakhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimene munthu anabadwa, kuti zamankhwala zikutanthauza kuti mwana kupuma paokha. Izi zimachitika, pali mphamvu boma.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, si choncho moperewera. Pali ana ena amene anali amasiye akangobadwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati bambo wa mwanayo sanali kapena anamwalira, ndipo mayi ake anamwalira akubereka, pamene mwanayo anabadwa pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo amakhala mwini malamulo ndi kulandira adzalandira zonse zotsala za makolo. Koma apa pali mwana amene asanabadwe, ufulu amenewa wobadwa nawo, ndipo simungathe kuchita china. Ngakhale lamulo limapereka mfundo zina lakonzedwa kuteteza zofuna za dziko la wolowa m'malo.