Kulimbikitsa zitsulo: kalasi, GOST, mphamvu kalasi. zitsulo chimango

Kulimbikitsa zitsulo ndi mwalamulo anatiitana, si choncho: ngati inu kuphunzira GOST 5781-82, n'zotheka kuti tipeze dzina lolondola zikumveka ngati "Hot kwa zolimba analimbitsa Konkire". Komabe, dzina anali kwambiri yaitali, kotero mu katswiri malo mwamsanga wotsikirapo kwa munthu "zolimba". Zimenezi n'zomveka, ndi kosavuta komanso mofulumira.

zambiri

Anavomera kupereka ena makalasi zolimba. Chigawo zachokera i zotsatirazi:

• zodziwitsa mbiri;
• Lopangidwa magawo.

Kulimbikitsa zitsulo ndi makalasi zotsatirazi:

• AII.
• AIII.
• AIV.
• AV.

Kwa zaka zingapo, msika ndi kufunika lalikulu kwa ikuthandizira zitsulo kalasi A500S. Ngati muphunzira za GOST 5781-82, kumeneko sadzatha kupeza kulongosola ngati iye magawo awo. mankhwala amenewa amapangidwa ndi lathu kwa mfundo zotsatirazi:

• STO AISU 7-93;
• specifications.

Chotero dongosolo standardization, amene yagawidwa siyana, wosachedwa adagulung'undisa ikuthandizira zitsulo wa mbiri nthawi, anayambitsa mabizinezi ntchito m'munda wa zitsulo akakhala. Iwo ndi ogwirizana kucheza limodzi kuti wapanga maulendo kuphatikizapo chitukuko cha malamulo kupanga katundu.

nkhani yapadera

Anafotokoza ikuthandizira zitsulo A500S - si nokha mu dziko la mankhwala wosachedwa adagulung'undisa. Komanso, mwapadera ziperekedwe AI kalasi kuti ISO akhoza ikhale A240 lapansi. Mbali yaikulu - mbiri umenewu nsikidzi. zipangizo yaiwisi ndondomeko kupanga ntchito zitsulo JV 3 (PS). Awiri ndi zolakwika kuchokera kwa mankhwala alionse ndi mbiri yosalala ndi malamulo ndi GOST 2590-88. chikalata ichi normative komanso kufotokozapo yolondola anagubuduza kwa milandu onse.

Kulimbikitsa yosalala zitsulo amapangidwa mu akamagwiritsa zotsatirazi:

• mipiringidzo;
• Bay.

The coils angapezeke ku mbali ya mamilimita 6 mpaka 14 (phula - 2 mm). Kusankha zolimba mipiringidzo penapake zambiri. The osachepera zotheka awiri - 16 mm, ndi yaikulu likupezeka - 40 mm. Kuyambira 16 22 mamilimita phula ndi 2 mm, kuyambira 25 mpaka 40 mamilimita ndi kuchuluka kwa atatu.

Kodi ndi chifukwa chiyani?

Brand A240 ikuthandizira zitsulo chofunika yomanga ndi malo ena kumene ntchito nyumba analimbitsa simenti, onena za zolimba awo. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti gulu ili zipangizo "kuzungulira", monga ntchito zovekera anapanga kupanga zinthu kuzungulira ngati, ikuthandizira mankhwala opangidwa ndi analimbitsa simenti. Izi ndi zoona kwambiri pamene mchitidwe limasuka ndege waukulu kukonza. Hot-adagulung'undisa ikuthandizira zitsulo A1 polenga zinthu, kusintha kwa potsegula wa anamaliza midadada, mayendedwe ndi katundu. Komanso, pantchitoyo mophweka kulumikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamodzi.

Brand zolimba ndi AI, komanso kuzungulira, m'pofunika kuti zosiyanasiyana kutisokoneza. Ndi ntchito zake anapangidwa:

• mipanda;
• mipando;
• chipongwe.

Circle ndi zovekera zitsulo A1, ngati iwo anapangidwa malinga ndi mfundo apadera ntchito monga zipangizo: munthu angakhoze kukoka waya. N'zotheka kupanga mbiri:

• nthawi;
• yosalala.

Ngati vavu Bzalani ali ndi zipangizo zoyenera, ndiye zitsulo A1 angathe kutumikira kupanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana pa lathes kapena mphero. Zofunika machined.

Popanda kunyalanyaza mfundo

Nkhani zimene ayenera zitsulo ikuthandizira, GOST 5781,82. Malinga specifications, ndi mpweya mu zikuchokera zitsulo sikungakhale kuposa 0,3%, ndiye yekha ntchito kwa mankhwala konkire. Zovekera ntchito zipangizo kale silikuyenda yaiwisi ndi wamba.

Ngati analimbitsa simenti ntchito, zinachitika kale ndi pretreatment, ndi zolimba amusankha ngati kuti mokwanira kuthana ndi katundu ovuta amene khalidwe la sing'anga uyu. Childs, voteji waukulu ndithu, chimene chimafuna kuti vavu zitsulo ali mphamvu yapamwamba ndipo chopangidwa mosamalitsa kuyambira wangwiro zitsulo. Ngati waya ntchito, ndiye mphamvu zake ndi mkulu akufuna.

Ngati otentha-adagulung'undisa ikuthandizira zitsulo zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa nyumba kosamugonjera kupsyinjika ndiye amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu wamba. Kodi zogwirizana zotsatirazi zitsulo sukulu:

• CT3.
• ST5.

Pakuti prestressing zitsulo nthawi mlandu okhutira mpweya:

• pafupifupi;
• mkulu.

Komanso zitsulo zolimba angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndi thermally ankachitira kuonjezera mphamvu magawo.

Zitsulo: Kodi inuyo?

Anapangidwa khalidwe ikuthandizira zitsulo, GOST 5781,82 amalimbikitsa kutenga wangwiro zitsulo:

• mpweya;
• otsika aloyi.

Pali zopangidwa zingapo zimene zimagwira ntchito kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu anati. Monga ulamuliro, makasitomala kutumiza kuti ndi kumveketsa bwino mbewu limasonyeza zopangira imene akufuna kuona chotsirizidwa. Ngati malangizo amenewa Mlengi sanalandire, ndiye The kupanga ogwira paokha chiganizo mokomera zosinthika mulingo woyenera kwa mtundu winawake wa mankhwala. Makamaka, chifukwa A800 anapanga ntchito zopangidwa zotsatirazi:

• 22H2G2AYU.
• 22H2G2R.
• 20H2G2SR.

Kodi wina n'kofunika?

Polenga unstressed nyumba konkire ayenera osankhidwa makalasi oyamba lachitatu ndi zothandiza apamwamba, ngati kamangidwe wadutsa prestress.

Ngati muli ntchito pa otsika kutentha, ndipo malo adzapitiriza ntchito kwambiri zinthu, ndiye zovekera yabwino kwambiri mtundu ngati chimene chimasiyanitsa kuchuluka wotsikirapo mpweya. embodiments Kapenanso zipangizo akhoza anasankhidwa zinapita zina mkulu kutentha processing.

Koma ngati anaganiza ntchito monga chuma ikuthandizira waya, ndiye bwino kupereka mmalo chimene ndi mpweya kapena osakhala sakupezeka, kapena wokhutira si upambana 0,8%. Kwa nkhaniyi, yodziwika ndi kuchuluka mphamvu - 180 kgf / mamilimita ² kuphatikiza. mungachite izi anapereka:

• mkulu-kutentha chithandizo;
• kuumitsa.

Mpweya ndi chuma khalidwe

Ndi nthawi, imene zipangizo adzakhala kupanga armature zomangamanga, GOST 5781-82. Makamaka, anthu amanena mpweya ali ndi mphamvu pa magawo yomaliza ya mankhwala konkire mu durability ake ndi zoona. Kwakukulu mpweya ali zitsulo, m'pamenenso kuuma ankaikira fixture, koma nthawi yomweyo kumawonjezera brittleness. Komanso mkulu mpweya zitsulo kuwotcherera zovuta zambiri chifukwa si kokwanira quality, kudalirika akuvutika chifukwa angamulambirire.

Chiwerengero cha zili mpweya amalola kulowa kwa gulu zotsatirazi:

• Low mpweya zitsulo mavavu, mmene pawiri la uli mu kuchuluka kwa osapitirira peresenti kotala;
• ndi msinkhu avareji zili - kotala kwathunthu kwa 0,6;
• ndi okhutira mkulu kuyambira 0,6 2%.

Kodi kusintha?

Kuti ikuthandizira zitsulo anali ndi makhalidwe abwino mu aloyi akhoza kuwonjezera zigawo zina. Monga zinthu alloying anatengedwa ntchito:

• tungsten;
• vanadium;
• chrome;
• faifi tambala.

Mu ena kasakaniza wazitsulo anawonjezera awiri kapena zigawo zina, mu zina - chisakanizo cha zitsulo 5-6. Zimenezi zimathandiza kupeza apamwamba aloyi zitsulo ndi ziwawa:

• mphamvu;
• kuuma;
• kukana kuti dzimbiri.

Kuti aloyi zitsulo, akhoza kukhala mbali ya zopangira pakachitsulo, manganese. Malinga ndi mmene zina zambiri zili ndi zinthu, kulankhula za zinthu za thupi limodzi la magulu awa:

• otsika aloyi zitsulo zolimba chikukhudza palibe maperesenti oposa asanu inclusions;
• srednelegirovannoj, mmene kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera zimasiyanasiyana malire a 5-10%;
• Mkulu-imayenera chimodzi pa zinthu khumi kapena kuposerapo wopangidwa mwa zigawo zina.

"Kodi mu dzina?"

Kulimbikitsa zitsulo - si zitsulo chabe, komanso ambiri zigawo zina. Pa zimene kulolerana ndi, m'nkhaniyo, mungathe kuwona kuchokera dzina. mfundo apanga pokamba za munthu kapena zina zina mwa nkhani mutu. zitsanzo:

• X - chrome.
• C - zirconium.
• T - titaniyamu.

Pambuyo pa mtundu olembedwa kanjedza. Amaonetsa mmene mpweya uli m'nkhaniyo. Anasankha hundredths a. Kenako, kalata. Iwo amatanthauza chinthu mankhwala, kenako mwachindunji mmene ochuluka ali mbali ya vavu. Ngati palibe manambala si ananenera, Ndizachidziwikire kuti mankhwala ali m'gulu kuchuluka kwa ndalama zochepa kuposa wina.

Chitsanzo: "zitsulo ikuthandizira 35GS" amaimira zitsulo, wopangidwa mwa mpweya amene ali pano pa ndende ya 0,35%, ndipo ali pakachitsulo ndi manganese, koma kuchuluka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri ndi zonyozeka, choncho palibe deta mwachindunji (pano mu buku peresenti n'komwe chiweruzo cha zakuthupi kuchuluka).

Zomwe amafuna ndi kudikira?

Mu za masiku ano, ndi ikuthandizira zitsulo kuti:

• zosavuta china chotulutsa;
• pulasitiki;
• olimba.

Ndi mphamvu ambiri amadziwira kutha kupirira zowononga zolimba katundu wa chilengedwe. chikoka kunja mwina kutambasula zitsulo ndi unakhota, zija compress, odulidwa. Pakuti aliyense wa mitundu ya katundu kuonetsetsa munthu mphamvu mfundo. Zolimba ndi zambiri ntchito akukhala mkulu kwamakokedwe nkhawa, choncho ndi kufunika ayenera kulabadira mu malo oyamba. Kuti aone ngati zolimba ndi kuima chitsutsire anatambasula, muyenera kuonanso:

• flowable malire;
• kumatula kukana.

Ductility - ndi chizindikiro kuwalitsa zinthu kusintha kwa katundu kunja kuyesa kusintha mawonekedwe a mankhwala,-gawo mtanda wake. Ngati vavu ndi zinthu zikatere musunge makonda awo koyamba, pambuyo kuchotsa katundu, zikhoza analili wapachiyambi, kapena kusunga kusintha kwanu. Plasticity yafotokozedwera elongation pa yopuma, unakhota ngodya, ndalama za kupinda, chitsulo otsalira pambuyo yozizira.

Weldability - ichi ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu Mkhalidwe kulumikiza zipangizo zina pa ntchito njira kuwotcherera. chizindikiro ichi anatsimikiza mtima:

• zitsulo zikuchokera;
• kusungunuka njira;
• ndodo phindu mu gawo;
• lumikiza mbali;
• plasticity.

Zimango ndi Wodalirika

The zoikamo pamwamba amakulolani kulankhula za katundu mmene wabwino makina chitsulo. Ndi pa mfundo imeneyi kuonetsetsa specifications, ntchito.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi zolimba wa kwamakokedwe mphamvu yake. Kuthandauza kwa izo, komanso akudzizindikiritsa yaikulu motani madzimadzi malire, yaikulu motani kungakhale elongation wa zitsulo wachibale ndi mfundo koyamba, achite mayeso wapadera kupanga: ntchito makina kwamakokedwe kuyezetsa lakonzedwa kuti ntchito imeneyi.

Ntchito zichitike njira zotsatirazi: mungayambe makina anaika pa chitsanzo katundu ukuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Zolimba ndiye m'dongosolo okhwima ubwenzi kupewa "mpulumutsi" Mwachitsanzo. Zimagwirira akuyesera kutalika ndodo longitudinally deforming izo. Zizindikiro otengedwa mavavu akhoza kupanga magetsi tchati (lonse wayikidwa amangosankha).

mbali luso

Zigawo molunjika ndi zithunzi kusonyeza katundu pa zimene chitsanzo si olumala. Ndi kuwonjezeka katundu Tingaone kuwonjezeka njila m'litali, amene amalola kuti mfundo za kudalirika kwa zitsulo ndi luso kukana zodabwitsa kunja. Anakonzeratu malire katundu ntchito kwa chitsanzo mayeso. Akafike mtengo ichinso pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa chikoka cha mphamvu mawotchi.

Mu bwino sewero, ndodo motsatizana mchikakamizo cha lalikulu kunja mphamvu, abwerera kumka ku boma wapachiyambi pamene katundu atachotsedwa. Luso limeneli ndi chifukwa elasticity wa zitsulo. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti elasticity dera zitsulo ali sangachite. Pamene zizindikiro zomwe Opyola malire amenewo, kubwerera ku mfundo choyambirira kadzakulakani. Kudziwa ngati chizindikiro malire kulankhula za kufika malire zotanuka.

Tikakhala mayeso a opangidwa mogwirizana ndi GOST zitsulo zolimba CT3, ndiye inu adzatha kutenga magawo pafupi zotsatirazi:

• patukani mphamvu - 2460 kgf / masentimita ^2;
• elongation - 25;
• Kwamakokedwe mphamvu anapatsidwa nthawi imeneyi - 4000 kgf / masentimita ^2.

Magawo ndi ntchito

Armature ndi mphamvu yapamwamba, ambirife mtengo kuposa otsika kalasi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mchitidwe chikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi limachititsa kukwaniritsa ndalama zikuluzikulu zolimba nyumba konkire kumafuna mowa kwambiri ndalama za chitsulo.

Samalani zolimba ductility: pali malire, kupitirira zomwe kwambiri osafunika. Ndi kutsitsa chizindikiro izi pansipa enaake sikutheka ntchito mankhwala adagulung'undisa pa mphamvu zonse. Kapangidwe chopangidwa ndi ntchito yobweretsa zoterozo zopangira amakhala osalimba ndipo akhoza kugwa unpredictably kufooketsedwa ndi zinthu zina. Pali chiopsezo wina kugwirizana ndi kuchepa zitsulo plasticity: kuwonjezera mosavuta wovulala Chimaona pa siteji ya zolimba zomangamanga a analimbitsa simenti.

Zotsatira pa zitsanzo zitsulo

Kusintha magawo koyenera, kuwaika umisiri zosiyanasiyana kunja chikoka. Makamaka, chofala cha kuwuma matenthedwe. Pankhaniyi mphamvu zakuthupi kumawonjezera kawiri, ndi zina zambiri. Yoyenera kwambiri ndi otsika-aloyi, mpweya mankhwala. Koma nkhani mtengo ukuwonjezeka ndi% 10-12 yekha. Matenthedwe oipa chikusonyeza bwino za makina, koma kukhazikitsa m'pofunika kukhala kwambiri zida zapamwamba ndi timu kwambiri woyenerera wa akatswiri. Kwambiri kwambiri mtundu wa chomaliza mankhwala (ndi mbiri ya anapanga) zimakhudza ngakhale yaing'ono zolakwa ndondomeko.

Mawotchi zolimba zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito:

• winch;
• jacks hayidiroliki;
• profiled odzigudubuza.

Recent anafunika flatten zitsulo. Pamene kuumitsa n'zotheka kukwaniritsa mapindikidwe pulasitiki, chifukwa chimene mphamvu ndi chinawonjezeka ndi 50% poyerekeza ndi phindu koyamba.

Wotchuka kwambiri - ndichiyani?

Anatinso kwambiri mu ankafuna mu msika wa zovekera zitsulo 8 mm m'mimba mwake. Adzaupereka kwa kalasi lachitatu ndipo amapezeka mu masikono, coils, ndodo. 8 mm - atakhala m'mimba mwake pafupifupi kwa nkhani nyumbayi. Kupanga ngati valavu ayenera kutsatira GOST 30136-95. Tiyeni tangling zovekera akatswiri amatchedwa "waya ndodo".

Armature 8 mamilimita zopangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi otsika mpweya okhutira. Ntchito mtundu a0, CT3. Pa kupanga ndondomeko pali awiri (nthawizina wina) yozizira sitepe, amene amalola kukwaniritsa mkulu kudalirika zizindikiro zakuthupi. Adagulung'undisa waya tangling ndi waya.

Armature A3 - zitsulo ndi bwalo yachigawo. M'pofunika kupanga wotsatira wa waya akasupe. zipangizo singasiyanitsidwe yaiwisi mu ndondomeko kupanga yomanga mavavu ozizira.

Kupanga ndi kugulitsa

Armature 8 mamilimita Nthawi zambiri pa waya-chakudya zosiyanasiyana makina malinga GOST 380. Izi ndi muyezo zipangizo zamakono, zomwe zikusonyeza kukhalapo kwa lofanana mbali zitsulo ankachitira dongosolo lalikulu. Makina chuma adagulung'undisa ndipo anatambasula, ndi usavutike ndi utakhazikika. Malinga ndi makhalidwe a makamaka mankhwala ndi utakhazikika ndi masoka kapena simuchita.

The kugulitsa mankhwala amenewa alipo monga mamita kuthamanga, ndipo akhazikitsa lalikulu (yogulitsa).

N'chifukwa chiyani icho?

Zovekera 8mm singasiyanitsidwe pomanga analimbitsa simenti ndi zitsulo nyumba. Waya ndodo ndi woonda zokwanira, kotero ntchito popanga maukonde, mafelemu, zingwe. Zolimba othandiza monga maziko zakudya zamtundu. Ndi ntchito polimbikitsa nyumba zomangidwa. A chimake yeniyeni amasankhidwa mwa kupenda zinthu opaleshoni dongosolo, pa maziko amene adzakhala kusankha mokomera munthu kapena mtundu wina.

Zolimba ochuluka ntchito monga chuma yaiwisi kwa kupanga mankhwala ena a zomangamanga, osati monga chuma osiyana. Ngati ndodo m'pofunika kubala misomali, chingwe, ndiye m'pofunika kulamulira evenness mankhwala: pamalo akhakula saloledwa, izo kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chotsirizidwa. Mu kupanga kuli nthambi zazikulu, zakudya zamtundu zofunika kusalala pamwamba anali wofunika kwambiri. Mavavu ntchito makonzedwe a kubala makoma mwina mulibe ming'alu kapena cavities wodzazidwa ndi mpweya. Ngati valavu ndodo 8 mm-awiri ndi kuthi, ulamuliro khalidwe kumaphatikizapo kutsatira nkhani abwino.

zina

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti vavu kukhala nthawi zozungulira mbiri, amangoona okonzeka ndi nthiti kotenga. ndodo yopingasa ndi helical protrusions anaika pa mzere ndi n'kudzandigunda atatu. Ngati ndodo awiri ndi 6 mm, pamene zolosera angakhale okhudza pamodzi ndi mzere helical ndi dzuwa litalowa wina. 8 mamilimita mwina mafoni awiri.

Armature, akutchulidwa kalasi lachitatu, ndi:

• wabwinobwino;
• wapadera.

Anatchulidwa kuti ndi A300 ndi AS300 motero. Pakuti zomangira yodziwika ndi zolosera imene kulowa mbali zonse za yunifolomu mbiri. Apa, mzere Amenenso ndi wononga a. Koma kwa A400-A1000 chofunika: Sunset pa dzanja limodzi lamanja, ndi pa zina - kumanzere.

N'zotheka displacements helical protrusions. Izi njira ndi alendo panopa si dekhetsa.

Wina zimasiyanitsa khalidwe nthawi ya kupanga zitsulo A800. Pakuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zopangidwa zotsatirazi:

• 22H2G2AYU.
• 22H2G2R.
• 20H2G2SR.

Pomaliza imeneyi anayeretsa zofunika zambiri malamulo.

Malinga ndi malangizo a Komiti Yomanga State, ku Russia akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zopangidwa zotsatirazi:

• A400S.
• A500S.

Onse ali oyenera kuumitsa nyumba analimbitsa simenti ndi kutibwezera kale ambiri applicable A-III. Izi zopangidwa kutenga nkhani zofunika zafotokozeredwa GOST 5781-82.