"M'zigwa atatu": yaikulu hydropower zomera dziko

"M'zigwa atatu" - si lalikulu opangira magetsi mphamvu siteshoni mu dziko, komanso Chinese dziko chosaiwalika, amene amakopa alendo ambiri ochokera konsekonse mdziko. The hydro waukulu oyenerera pakamwa pa mtsinje Yangtze, inamangidwa kuchita zitatu ntchito yaikulu - magetsi m'badwo, ulamuliro chigumula, komanso kusintha kwa navigation. Kumangidwa a malo inayamba mu 1994, ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi pambuyo siteshoni anayamba kutulutsa magesi choyamba. Mu July 2012, ntchito yomanga anamaliza, kenako waukulu opangira magetsi mphamvu siteshoni mu dziko mwalamulo achita m'Mphamvu.

Kutalika kwa damu ukufika mamita 185 ndipo amatha pochitika iliyonse chachiwiri 116.000 kiyubiki mamita wa madzi. Chiwerengero cha mayunitsi hayidiroliki ndi wofanana ndi makumi anayi. Mphamvu ya aliyense wa makumi awiri a 700 megawatts, ndi otsala awiri (Adali nazo zosowa chinthu) - 50 megawatts. The munkalowa za "m'zigwa zitatu" ndi 22,5 GW. Mbadwo wa mphamvu ya magetsi, yaikulu opangira magetsi siteshoni mphamvu ndi kubala pachaka za zana biliyoni kilowatt-maola. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti okonza poyamba anakonza kuti siteshoni adzakupatsani limodzi la magawo khumi la mphamvu zonse opangidwa ku China. Koma mpaka inatenga kumanga nyumbayo, zosowa dziko awonjezera kwambiri, ndipo tsopano ndi mphamvu amapereka chimphona opangira magetsi siteshoni mphamvu, ndi awiri okha peresenti ya chonse pamodzi.

Tisaiwale kufunika kwa a opangira magetsi siteshoni mphamvu pa madzi osefukira. Mbiri yakale, kuti masoka zachilengedwe ndi kwa anthu a China ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa chaka chilichonse zimasenza ambiri anthu. Mu nkhani imeneyi, Yangtze Mtsinje tsopano tikukonza ndi kugwa zovuta za madamu. Kuwonjezera wake "m'zigwa zitatu" ndi opangira magetsi magetsi "Gezhouba" anamangidwa mu 1988. Komanso, okwerera zisanu ndi ziwiri kwambiri kuti panopa mu gawo yomanga. Yaikulu hydropower zomera dziko ali ndi mosungiramo ndi mphamvu makilomita kiyubiki 20. Mosakayikira, izo kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chigumula pachaka masika. Tikumbukenso kuti sitili pa mosungiramo aliyense hydropower amakhala amadalira madzi mu mtsinje. Ndipotu, ndi mphamvu yake otsika ali kwambiri yafupika. Ndipo ngati chigumula ambiri meltwater Yambitsaninso kusakhala ndi chochita.

Opangira magetsi magetsi "m'zigwa atatu" lili m'dera kwabasi pakati pa mizinda ya Yichang ndi Chongqing. M'dera limeneli pali ambiri chikhalidwe ndi masoka zokopa. Chifukwa cha m'maganizo mapulani, yaikulu opangira magetsi mphamvu siteshoni mu dziko, ikutchedwa 'Ngale ya Mtsinje Yangtze. " Komanso, chidwi chachikulu anthu nthawi zonse ndi kuthekera patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi luso, n'zosadabwitsa kuti iye ndi "m'zigwa atatu" anayamba kusangalala kutchuka kwambiri pakati alendo ngakhale pa ntchito yomanga.

Monga chifukwa cha zimphona zoweta, yaikulu opangira magetsi magetsi ku Russia - ndi Sayano-Shushenskaya. Ngakhale kuti mphamvu analengeza za megawatts 6.400, pamafunika yekha wachisanu ndi masanjidwe dziko. Kuwonjezera "m'zigwa atatu" pamwamba atatu omwe mphamvu opangira magetsi monga Brazil-Paraguayan "Itaipu" (14,000 MW) ndi chigulu opangira magetsi Venezuela - "Guri" (10.2 megawatts).