Tonse kumbukirani Chekhov a dictum kuti kufupika - mlongo luntha. Choyamba, limasimba za talente imodzi ya Anton Chekhov. Kukhala waluntha mbuye mbali "kulankhula", wolemba anatha mawu amodzi kapena awiri m'thupi, ndi zikoti zochepa kupereka kwa owerenga ngwazi wake, onse amoyo ndi comprehensively osonyeza nthawi imene iwo alimo.
"Zowawitsa ndi zokoma" Ndithudi, Ndale ndi chiwembu
Taganizirani mwachitsanzo nkhani "zowawitsa ndi zokoma". Chidule iye kusanduka zinthu zimenezi: nsanja Nikolaev pasiteshoni ya sitima ndi sitima kubwera pa banja boma. mutu wa banja kuwakokera munthu amene akutembenukira apo ndi likukhalira kuti anamuzindikira ndi mnzakeyo poyamba ndipo tsopano chovomerezeka ndi boma. Aliyense anabwera - "woonda": woonda, atavala m'malo osauka, ndi fungo la izo si bwino, nyama masangweji msewu ndi malo khofi. Iye othodwa masutikesi, makatoni ndi katundu wina msewu. A bwenzi lakale wake -. "Pamavuto" milomo yake kuwala atsimikize, onunkhira mtengo onunkhiritsa ndi mtengo vinyo ndi chakudya, zomwe chabe anadyanso siteshoni odyera. Apa zoona, nkhani yonse, kupanga tinkhani, "zowawitsa ndi zokoma". Chidule izo kuti: kucheza kakang'ono pakati Misha ( "wandiweyani"), ndi lofiirira ( "woonda"). Ndipo pano "ziwalo" Chekhov anabwera patsogolo. Zochenjera poyamba sanali zindikirani kusiyana chuma chawo pakati pawo ndi msilikali chachiwiri. Iye anakhala ndi moyo wolemera, koma okhutira. Ali ndi ndalama pang'ono, zimapangitsa kuti milandu kugulitsa fodya, mkazi amapereka nyimbo pandekha. Porphyry moona ndakondwa kukumana mzanga wapachifuwa maganizo ubwana ndi kukumbukira anasefukira ndi wapanikizika ndi ngwazi. Iye, monga bwenzi lake, misozi ataimirira pamaso pake, ndipo onse, molingana Chekhov, "mokondwa kuyembekezera." Komabe, kamvekedwe ka ntchitoyi kopambana zinasinthidwa pamene nkhani zimatenga "chipani" wandiweyani. "Bwenzi la Misha," likukhalira, iye wakhala atamva milandu - udindo mu ufumu Russia ndithu! Iye ali "nyenyezi ziwiri" ndi ambiri, ndi bwino kuthetsedwa. Apa ndi womangidwa ntchito nkhondo zobisika, anakhazikitsidwa mu dzina la nkhani "zowawitsa ndi zokoma", mwachidule zomwe tiganizire. Pakuti Porphyry ntchito nyamuka bwanawe zinali zosayembekezereka. Kukhala yekha ndi udindo winawake, ndipo "zazing'ono" munthu, ntchito m'mazizwa pamaso amphamvu a dziko lino ndi kukhala nawo mantha. The ngwazi ndiye "anatembenukira" limagwirira wa insubordination, lizoblyudstvo, kuopa akuluakulu. Czechs mwaluso izo zikusonyeza. Woonda ngati onse contorted, kumwetulira ake oona amakhala omvetsa chisoni, sefani ngati akumwetulira ndi chibwano yaitali anakoka ndipo kuposerapo. Iye mumbles chinachake, chibwibwi ndipo ndi zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Porphyry manyazi ndi mwaufulu manyazi! Ukapolo, wauzimu, maganizo ngati poizoni, kwenikweni Chimachokera ku lililonse pore za thupi lake, za wake mawu aliwonse. Iye ndi "Misha", umene ndi bowa kwa polojekiti, mkazi wake ndi mwana, ndi iye ndi a m'banja akhala ngati "n'kakang'ono" motsatizana mu strunochku kapena wamantha akubisala, kuyesera kukhala wosaoneka, sozhitsya. Izo zimayambitsa nkhaniyi zimaonetsa owawa kuseka ndi mwano munthu chifukwa kupondereza ubwino wake nkhani "zowawitsa ndi zokoma". Chidule izo zina kumachepetsa kuti kufotokoza otchulidwa mtima. "Tolstoy" onse kukomeza ozungulira mutu wake Sizabwino. Iye kwenikweni osangalala wofiirira, amaona osati munthu wamng'ono, koma munthu mnzake nthawi yaitali pranks ana. "Pamavuto" adzakhala okondwa kukambirana za m'mbuyomu, anakumbukira ubwana osasamala. Koma idyll zimenezi sizingatheke, Chekhov anati. "Pamavuto, Pamtendere," mwachidule zomwe tiganizire - ntchito m'chombocho. Ndipo khalidwe la porphyria lililonse ndithu kukakumana ndi choonadi mwankhanza moyo. M'dziko limene palibe ufulu osiyanasiyana, kumene autocracy kumaphwanya ufulu comprehensively kapolo iye kumene mbali chuma kuzichita malamulo ake, munthu wamng'onoyo akhoza kawirikawiri zinthu pa maziko ofanana ndi "munthu wamkulu." Izi zikutiuza lonse miyambo a anthu a mabuku Russian: Pushkin wa pamalo okwerera Samson Vyrin ndi Gogolevskiy Akaky Bashmachkin ndi Makar Devushkin Dostoevskogo. Ndipo kumbukirani "Imfa ya mkulu 'ndi Chekhov chomwecho - chifukwa imfa ya ngwazi wake? Mantha kuti anayetsemula pa Chief! Ndicho mwachidule zathu "Pamavuto ndi Pamtendere" chimauza wanu, owerenga wokondedwa, vuto lalikulu kwa nkhaniyi: ngati munthu, "dontho ndi dontho" Finyani kunja kapolo? kapolo zaufulu!
mankhwala zikuchokera mphete: izo limatha ndi mawu akuti, umene Chekhov pachiyambi - kuti onse anali mokondwa kuyembekezera. Ndithudi, "zabwino" - mophiphiritsa. Koma mmene kuchotsa kugonjera - ndi funso lomwe linalembedwa ndi mlembi kwa owerenga. Tonsefe tiyenera kuyankha izo.