Lamulo la boma mayiko: mwachidule za makampani malamulo

Monga ogwira ntchito iliyonse, lamulo la boma lonse ali ndi mbali yaikulu mu lamulo ubale chikhalidwe. Koma mosiyana ndi "mkati", dongosolo la chilamulo umalimbana malamulo nkhani lonse.

Lingaliro la malamulo onse padziko lonse.

Jurists zimaonetsa nthambi iliyonse ya malamulo pa muyezo waukulu atatu: njira ndi nkhani ya lamulo, komanso malamulo tsiku limene woyamba makhalidwe awiri atsimikiziridwa.

Mu nkhani ya ufulu wa gawo mu funso amatanthauza ubale malamulo okhazikika pakati pa mayiko, anthu ndi mayiko anayesetsa kwa kukhalanso, mabungwe boma, mabungwe intergovernmental. Bwalo ili nkhani kuthetsedwa ndi zochepa mosamalitsa chinanena mu mapangano mayiko mavuto amene kupitirira yamtunduwu ndi malire a dziko ina.

lamulo la boma lonse ali ndi njira inayake ya malamulo asapita wa nzika za makampani - ndi kuyesetsa. Anafotokoza ndi chakuti kuchepa zipani zonse kukambirana za mavuto amene komwe kusamvana sangakhale dualistic. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi Protocol Kyoto m'chaka cha 1998, zochokera mayiko anakhazikitsa malamulo m'chilengedwe chipulumutso, ndi kumanga mayiko onse amene ali maphwando ku Convention ndi Protocol lapansi.

lamulo la boma lonse amakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya malamulo, amene makamaka angakhale lamulo la mavuto a nthambi ili la chilamulo: contractual ndipo sanali contractual. The contractual kale monga malamulo amene chitaikidwa mu mapangano intergovernmental kuti ndi chilengedwe (UN hayala), m'deralo (Maastricht Pangano 1992) kapena amgwirizano (mgwirizano pangano). Nawonso sanali contractual anapereka makhalidwe amene anatuluka ndi ntchito ya kumapeto kwa khalidwe la maiko ndi mzake. Monga ulamuliro, malamulo contractual adzakhala kumangako pa zipani pokhapokha ngati iwo anapambana ratification malinga ndi malamulo ndi / kapena Constitution dongosolo. mfundo Ndi wamba ayenera kuti iwo si a kumangako. Komabe, pali atangothamangitsidwa kumene ndondomeko akukonzekera kulemba linalowa nawo m'Pangano.

Kuchokera pa makhalidwe, kudziwa:

lamulo la boma mayiko - kuyanjana kwa malamulo ochiritsira ndi contractual lolamulira nkhani mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko, mabungwe onse, mitundu kumenyera kukhalanso ndi mabungwe intergovernmental ndi kutsatiridwa kwa magulu onse anatsimikizira umayenda awo m'njira zolamulidzwazo potsata mwambo.

Mayiko malamulo a boma ndi ena: kufika divergence.

Monga mwa lamulo zoweta, chikhalidwe mayiko nkhani zosiyanasiyana ubale ndi malamulo ndi mabungwe wapadera malamulo. Iwo kuwonjezera ku mayiko onse ndi chilamulo mseri (hereinafter anatchula MPP). Ngakhale kuti makampani zonse zokhudza nawo oimira m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kusiyana pakati pa iwo ndithu.

Choyamba, kwambiri chiphunzitso cha malamulo adziko lonse anthu zimasokoneza mndandanda wa nzika zawo: boma, mabungwe intergovernmental, mabungwe aboma, komanso mtundu, akuvutika chifukwa kukhalanso. Mosiyana ndi pamwamba, MPP zambiri mndandanda wa ophunzira asapita paokha chilamulo, anthu amenewa ndi / kapena makampani olowa katundu.

Chachiwiri, mafakitale osiyana, ndipo akudikila lamulo. MPP Cholinga zonse mavuto malamulo payekha. Mosiyana, lamulo la boma m'mayiko kuthetsa nkhani ya utsogoleri, anthu, chikhalidwe.

Chachitatu, njira zosiyanasiyana za lamulo malamulo. Motelo lamulo khalidwe makamaka m'madera onse a malamulo adziko lonse lapansi. MPP M'malo mwake, lili ndi nzika zake makhalidwe ena ndipo amalola ophunzira kuti asankhe njira zomwe ndi zoyenerera pa polojekiti yanu.

Lachinayi ndondomeko zolimbana ndi AIDS anthu kanthu SPE, nthawi zambiri zakonzedwa ndi lamulo la boma lonse, kupatulapo miyambo malamulo. Ndipo ndicho chifukwa ena jurists zambiri itachotsedwa tanthauzo la "lamulo la boma mayiko" yakuti "anthu", kunena za malamulo a mayikowo chigawo cha anthu padziko lonse.