Language ndi anthu - chifukwa ubwenzi n'kofunika kwambiri chitukuko anthu

Zoterezi chilango chidwi sociolinguistics, posachedwapa chinayamba intensively. Iye ali mu kukhudzana ndi nthambi zina za philology. Mwachitsanzo, chinenero ndi zilankhulo anthu amachitira mu amalanga angapo Kumvetsela: psycholinguistics ndi ethnolinguistics. Sociolinguistics tikunena malumikizanidwe pakati pa kulankhula kwa anthu ndi anthu a.

Nanga akhale mkati aliyense zinthu izi amaonedwa ubwenzi? Nerazyvno chinenero ndi anthu umanena. Ife timalankhula kawiri kawiri za mawu ndi anthu ngati kuti modalirana, koma kwenikweni ndi mkhalidwe wa chikoka. Society mwachionekere pakhale popanda chinenero, umboni ndi Mwachitsanzo, anthu nyerere, njuchi, anyani. Komabe, chodabwitsa n'zosiyana silinkachitidwa. Language ndi anthu chifukwa wina ndi mnzake: n'zoonekeratu kuti munthu woyamba sangaonekerenso popanda otsiriza. Ndipo chiyambi cha kulankhula ndi mgwirizano chinenero, pali mfundo, zomwe zambiri sanakhazikike mayesero a nthawi ndipo sanapeze umboni sayansi. Awa ndi chiphunzitso achipembedzo kapena chiphunzitso cha mezhdometnyh. mbali zina zofunika mu phunziro la mavuto a "chinenero ndi anthu" ndi stratification chikhalidwe wa kulankhula mfundo chinenero, bilingualism, kugwira ntchito m'madera zinenero zambiri, kusinthidwa chinenero.

Mwachitsanzo, zinchito masitaelo kulankhula. Kusankha njira makamaka kwa maganizo chifukwa cha amapatsidwa ulemu komanso zinthu kulankhulana awo. Polankhula akuluakulu, kupempha bungwe, tikulamulidwa ntchito boma-ntchito kalembedwe imene onse wapanga zotheka objectified ndi depersonalized, yomwe sikuloledwa mawu emotive ndi colloquialisms. Ngati timayesetsa akaonekere kwa mutu kalembedwe lomwelo, limene ife kulemba, nkuti, mauthenga chibwenzi, inde, ngakhale monga "inu", ndi chodziwikiratu ntchito yathu apitiriza kukhala pansi pa ulamuliro wake.
Ngati ife kulemba ofunsira, ndi pembedzero, kalata kapena mwachidule mu ndime, ngati bwino, amatiseka, ndipo bukuli ndi anakana ndipo kukhala, chifukwa "kotero kulemba sakuvomereza." Choncho, vuto kulankhulana amachititsa kusankha zina chuma chinenero. Komanso, chinenero ndi anthu ndi malumikizanidwe wina ndi malo akatswiri, ndi mafuko, ndi malo. Ngati sociolect (kwa Mwachitsanzo, jargon akaidi kapena mapulogalamu argot) tikambirane kaye za mawu onse a gulu linalake chikhalidwe kapena katswiri wa anthu, dialectology maphunziro funso ku mawonedwe cha zoletsa malo.

Chinenero cha Chirasha pali kumpoto, kum'mwera m'zilembo, m'zilembo Urals lapansi. M'zinenero zina, palinso zina adverbs, nthawi zina zimasiyana "chilankhulo zolembalemba". Ethnolinguistics za chinenero ndiponso anthu mfundo zosiyanasiyana mitundu. Ndi mbali iyi amachita zilankhulo ndi mavuto a "kudalirana" ndi conjugated ndi mafunso ake. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito "pidgins" kapena Creole adverbs akuwuka kwa chimbudzi lalikulu mafuko chinenero cha gulu lina mu "chosavuta" ndi molakwika mawonekedwe.

Komanso amatanthauza mavuto ethnolinguistics ndi udindo wa chinenero anthu, amene amakhala ndi heterogeneity dziko. Mu nyengo za kusanganikirana kunadetsa tima wa mafuko yogwira chilengedwe cha mabanja yapakati-mitundu ndi mabanja aonekere, ndipo vuto la bilingualism. mayiko a ku Ulaya akuyesera pa mlingo boma kuthandiza zinenero zosiyanasiyana, yapakati zina zotere, kulimbikitsa kawirikawiri ndi zinenero pangozi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Poland, tikhoza kuphunzira ndi kutenga mayeso monga matriculation chinenero Kashubian, izo limafalitsa mabuku ndi periodicals. Mu Germany, thandizani kuphunzira Upper chinenero Sorbian ku Spain - Chikatalani.

Choncho, malamulo a chinenero cha states ndi mayanjano awo (monga bungwe la European Union) zikhazikitsidwe cholinga akatswiri a zinenero deta polimbana ndi mavuto a "chinenero ndi anthu", pamene zingakhale osakondera ndi demokalase. Zitsanzo kuponderezana Pawokha dziko, chikhalidwe mbiri Pawokha ali chosaneneka. Izi imposition moumiriza chinenero Russian Mwachitsanzo, mu Poland m'nyengo ya Ufumu wa Russia, ndi German - pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. chiletso aliyense pa ntchito lilime mayi ndi Zionetsero wamphamvu kwa anthu, zomwe n'kukumana ndi kusokonekera kwa chikhalidwe, kupanduka, kulanda boma. Pa nthawi yomweyo ufulu chitukuko cha chikhalidwe dziko, umene umakhudza lilime, kumalimbitsa demokalase ndi olimba.