Lokhudza kulankhula. Gawo ziwonongeke chachikulu

Amadziwika kuti pa msinkhu kumayambiriro ana akhoza kuona izi kapena kuyan'anila zina m'munda wa ulaliki wa ganizo. Choncho mwana wanu limapeza mpata socialization wabwinobwino, zolakwa amenewa ayenera kuchotsedwa. Tiyeni tione zimene angakhale kuphwanya kulankhula. Gawo vuto wamba adzakhala kuwuluridwa pansipa.

Gawo

Ana ndi mkhutu ntchito za zida ntchito mawu a gulu lapadera la anthu. Iwo alibe zolakwika mu kukula m'nzeru poyerekeza ndi anzawo. Komabe, zopindika wapakamwa komanso kulephera kupita mu mawu olembedwa, ndithu kungasokoneze mapangidwe zinthu payekha psyche lapansi.

Lero, classifications zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa ndiyambe kulankhula, chimene kuzindikiridwa zolakwika zina mu ulaliki wa maganizo. The choyamba - maganizo ndi pedagogical. The chachiwiri - pa matenda ndi pedagogical.

Kodi malo ndi cholinga kwambiri kudziwa kuyan'anila za kulankhula? Gawo dongosolo onse bwinobwino ntchito mawu madokotala. mfundo zosiyanasiyana view pa nkhani imodzi simatsutsana, koma azigwirizana.

Matenda ndi pedagogical gulu

Anapereka gulu ali ndi kukondera pa Commonwealth ndi mankhwala. Komabe, kupunduka kuuzindikira si womangidwa kwa matenda enieni.

Malinga ndi gulu matenda ndi maphunziro, mawu madokotala olekanitsidwa kwathunthu mitundu 11 kuyan'anila. mitundu iwiri kuyan'anila zokhudza kulemba. zina alola kudziwa zolakwa mu ulaliki m'kamwa.

Pali mitundu zotsatirazi lokhudza kulankhula:

1. Athos - matenda zimene zimachitika chifukwa cha pathologies ya zida ntchito mawu. Pankhaniyi, pangakhale fonotornye zopindika, kupotoza mawu, matenda amapilira.
2. Tachylogia - kugunda kwambiri ya kulankhula.
3. Bradilaliya - pathological liwiro kulankhula.
4. Chibwibwi - disruptions mu kayendedwe ndi tempo wa kulankhula. chifukwa ndi nthawi spasmodic minofu chikhalidwe, amene kupanga zida amapilira.
5. Rhinolalia - zopindika katchulidwe ka munthu zikumveka kuti taphunzira ndi kusintha kamvekedwe mawu. chifukwa ndi zilema anatomical ya zida ntchito mawu.
6. Dyslalia - vuto katchulidwe mawu mu chitukuko yachibadwa a minofu ya zida amapilira ndi wathanzi kumva.
7. Dysarthria - chilema, ndicho chimene chiri katchulidwe cholakwika cha phokoso munthu ndi mawu.
8. Alalia - hypoplasia kapena kusapezeka kwa kulankhula. chifukwa nthawi zambiri amachita kugonjetsa madera okhudzidwa wa kotekisi oziziritsa mu chitukuko akalandire chithandizo kapena oyambirira mwana.
9. Aphasia - ndi tsankho kapena wathunthu Amalephera kubereka phokoso. Chifukwa kukhalapo kwa zotupa m'dera ubongo.
10. Dysgraphia - khalidwe yeniyeni ya munthu makamaka, kuyan'anila za kulemba.
11. Matendawa - kusonyeza zopindika tsankho m'kupita kwa kuwerenga.

Psycho-pedagogical gulu la lokhudza kulankhula

Chizindikiritso cha kupunduka wamangidwa makamaka pa muyezo maganizo. Malinga ndi gulu la, pali kuyan'anila zotsatirazi:

1. Phonetic ndi phonemic underdevelopment wa kulankhula - matenda mu katchulidwe mawu ndi mawu a chinenero.
2. The underdevelopment okwana mawu - ndi zokhudza zonse chikhalidwe cha vutoli, pamaso pa sipangakhalenso chifukwa cha retardation maganizo a mwanayo. Zimenezi, zimakhudza tanthauzo munthu wa unawareness ndi zinthu kunja zigawo kulankhula.
3. Chibwibwi - malinga ndi gulu maganizo ndi maphunziro amaonedwa monga luso zosalongosoka kulankhula ndi mapangidwe moyenera zida ntchito mawu.

Kodi bwanji kulankhula underdevelopment?

Ana mawu underdevelopment zambiri amadwala manyazi, wosakwiya atengere anthu. Pofuna kuonetsetsa socialization wa kulankhula madokotala ntchito kukonzedwa akulimbana ndi vuto. Popanda ichi, ana tsogolo zingaoneke zolakwa zina aluntha, ndi chipangizo ndi volitional.

Ndi maganizo bwino anayamba, kuti ndiyambe kulankhula, ana ndi mavuto zambiri kovuta kupanga malingaliro, kumanga ubale ndi zomveka. tcheru osakwanira kwa makolo mavuto alipo m'munda wa kulankhula kenako mwana akhoza kulephera m'dera galimoto. Makamaka, ana ndi zida kakulidwe kulankhula zambiri sangathe kuchita kayendedwe bwino mgwirizano pakati pa gulu pamene anzawo.

Zolakwika akhoza zimachitika dera maganizo a mwanayo lokhudza kulankhula. Ana otere yodziwika ndi osatetezeka, alibe chidwi, irritability, amavutika kukhazikitsa kulankhula ndi ena.

Awa ndi mavuto ena zikugwirizana ndi tsogolo la ana amene ali ndi matenda kulankhula. Gawo ndi chizindikiritso cha kupunduka alipo amalola nthawi kuyamba ntchito pa kuperewera kwa.

pomaliza

Kotero ife kuphimba matenda zofunika kulankhula. Gulu la Kusiyana kwa dongosolo psycho-pedagogical ali kale ntchito lolankhula kumapeto kokha kudziwa vuto. Poti komaliza anatenga Madokotala aubongo. Masiku ano, madokotala akugwiritsa ntchito classifications onse yomweyi, monga njira imeneyi imalimbikitsa chiphunzitso cha matenda olondola ndi chitukuko cha njira zothandiza kuti tikonzedwe wa kulankhula.