Long-osiyanasiyana ndege Russia: mbiri ndi malongosoledwe a ndege

Long-osiyanasiyana ndege Russia lofunika kwambiri mu mabungwe mabungwe a Air ndi njira mphamvu nyukiliya wa Russia. Supreme Lamulo amazigwiritsa ntchito kuti akonze ntchito ndi njira mavuto intercontinental ndi nyanja nkhondo.

Mbiri ya Russian losatha ndege

Mbiri ya Russian losatha ndege zimachokera 12/23/1914, pamene Mfumu Nicholas II inaika lamulo kukhazikitsa yoyamba zinayi injini ndege ya squadron, amene ankatchedwa "Ilya Muromets". Zinali choyamba pofuna dzikoli likhale logwirizana zoponya mabomba kalasi katundu. Iye anakhala mtsogoleri squadron M. V. Shidlovsky, amene anagwirizana ndi gulu mpweya wa Dipatimenti apanyanja. Pa nthawiyi, anali akuchita wapampando wa Chirasha Baltic carload fakitale, kumene anapanga makina mpweya "Ilya Muromets".

Pa First World nkhondo, izi losatha ndege ndege Russia anapanga utumwi nkhondowo oposa 400, kuphatikizapo bomba la nyumba zofunika njira mdani ndi malo scouting mphamvu ng'oma pansi. Mu 1917, squadron inkakhala mayunitsi anayi a asilikali ndi ntchito magalimoto oposa makumi awiri. nthawi zonse ndege imodzi yokha anataya ntchito nkhondo.

Kukula kwa ndege losatha mu USSR

Mu September 1917, ndi squadron wa zoponya mabomba anawonongedwa. Ndege chabe kutenthedwa, kotero iwo alibe kwa mdani. Long-osiyanasiyana ndege Russia anayamba kutsitsimutsa pambuyo October kuukira boma. 22.03.1918 anali inaika lamulo la Mayiko a Commissars Anthu, lomwe anatchula kukhazikitsidwa kwa Kumpoto Gulu ndege "Ilya Muromets" mphamvu mayunitsi 3 usilikali.

Wina siteji Mkhalidwe wa chitukuko cha munda wa ndege anabwera mmasate zaka mazana makumi awiri. Nthawi imeneyi, achinyamata Russian asilikali onyamula atsopano magalimoto mlengalenga opanga ndege Tupolev ndi Ilyushin. Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a World nkhondo II Russian ndege lakutali bwinobwino kuchita utumwi nkhondowo kwambiri kumbuyo mizere mdani, zimene wapanga amathandiza kwambiri ku chigonjetso chachikulu pa mdani.

Mu zaka lonse itatha, chitukuko cha aeronautics njira zafika msinkhu. Pa manja analandira ndege zamakono "Lachiwiri" ndi "IL", umene tsopano zimapanga chamankhwala chodalirika kuleza osiyanasiyana ndege zamakono la Chitaganya cha Russia.

"Muromets Ilya" - yoyamba njira yoponya mabomba

yoponya mabomba oyamba padziko lonse lapansi udaikidwa ndi nawo kwambiri ndege wopanga I. I. Sikorskogo. Place chiyambi "Ili Muromtsa" - Chirasha Baltic carload fakitale. Nthawi yoyamba ndege anatenga kwa thambo 12.10.1913, ndege mpaka 1918 kutulutsa malonda mu zosintha zosiyanasiyana. Pa First World nkhondo, makina 23/12/1914 "Ilya Muromets" anali anagwirizana mu squadron limodzi - woyamba olowa nkhondowo ndege dziko. N'chifukwa chake pa December 23 Russia chikondwerero pa tsiku la kutali ndege Russian Air Force.

Ndege "Muromets Ilya" ankachitiramo zoponya mabomba, kapena matenda kazitape. Bomba zipolopolo akhoza adzaikidwa mkati ndi kunja, vertically pamodzi fuselage lapansi. pakompyuta srabatyvatel ndi mfuti za makina eyiti anakhazikitsako kuteteza ndi ndege mdani poyamba ndi ntchito zimatulutsa projectiles. Kumapeto kwa Civil nkhondo, ndege kupulumuka amagwiritsa ntchito gulu la makalata ndipo wina magalimoto pa njira Moscow - Mphungu - Kharkiv. Ndege "Ilya Muromets" akhoza kufika liwiro pazipita 130 Km / h. okwera awo denga anafika 3200 m, ndege mtunda - mpaka 560 Km, ndi pazipita kuyenda nthawi za 4.4 maola.

The ndege "TB-3" - woyamba Soviet losatha zoponya mabomba

Kukula kwa woyamba Soviet yoponya mabomba losatha zinayamba mu 1925. Kale mu 1930, zinachitika wake, adali ndi chinsinsi amalembedwa kuti "nyerere-6", anatenga mlengalenga. Woyamba siriyo ndege "TB-3" anapanga ndege ake mu 1932. ndege izi zinali kugwiritsidwa ngati zoponya mabomba, zoyendera usilikali ndipo tidakocheza luso.

Strategic makina "TB-3" asonyeza pa nkhondo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Kumapeto kwa 1930, mogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha mpweya chitetezo ndi womenya ndege, makina achikale ndipo mu 1938 ulimi wawo unatha. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, njira ndege "TB-3" kuchita utumwi nkhondowo panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri.

Kwa nthawi yopanga onse oposa 800 ndege ya zosintha zosiyanasiyana zidalengedwa. Chotero makina ali bwino makhalidwe luso: liwiro lake pazipita anafika 380 Km / h, zosefera kutalika akafuna mpaka 7000 mamita osiyanasiyana ake za 3 zikwi Km.. The ndege "TB-3" anali wakutha kuwagwira matani 2 milandu bomba.

"IL-4" - maziko a ndege losatha ku Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Long-osiyanasiyana zoponya mabomba, codenamed "CDB 26" anayamba mwatsatanetsatane CB S. V. Ilyushina kumayambiriro 1930s. The zinachitika woyamba anaulukira mu 1935. Iwo unapangidwa ntchito yomanga olimba zitsulo ndi mapiko duralumin cantilever. The fuselage ali ndi mawonekedwe streamlined ndipo anali ndi chowulungika mtanda gawo. Uthunthu fyuluta zinachitika anali ku 3 zikwi. Km. Adalira inkakhala oyendetsa atatu, ndi armament ake kumbuyo ankayimiridwa ndi mfuti za makina atatu. Zitsanzo chionetsero chinachitika mu 1936, ndipo kuŵeta wakhala katswiri mu 1938. makina amenewa ndi makina atsopano, kulola imathamanga mpaka 445 Km / h. Bomba katundu anali 2.5 tani, analinso bwino katundu kudziteteza ndegeyo. Ndege Russian losatha ndege, "IL-4" liwiro ndi ndege osiyanasiyana anali abwino kwambiri mu dziko pa nthawi imodzi.

Komanso, kwa Air Force wa Navy pamaziko a makina chotero analengedwa oponya "DB-3T" cholinga kuwononga mipherezero panyanja ndi fairways migodi. Ndege "DB-3T" anakhala munthu woyamba Russian misa chitsanzo kuti akhoza kuchita zinthu zina m'deralo.

Pa WWII ndege "IL-4" anali maziko a Russian losatha ndege, akuchita anawazunza kumbuyo zozama za mdaniyo, echelons asilikali zipangizo airfields. Pakuti kupanga zonse nthawi linatulutsidwa oposa 7 zikwi. Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana ku yoponya mabomba lodziwika bwino.

"Lachiwiri-4" - woyamba Russian mpweya chonyamulira zida za nyukiliya

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa mapeto a World nkhondo II ndege Russian m'malekezero opanda makina zofunika. Pa nthawi imeneyo, "IL-4" Air ziwiya amapasa-injini ayesa mwayi awo zamakono gwero. Zogwirizana ndi funso kulenga mtundu watsopano wa yoponya mabomba njira. Kotero anali ndege "Lachiwiri-4" - pisitoni makina, zomwe ndi buku ndinazolowera a US mpweya nkhondowo ngalawa "B-29".

yoponya mabomba Izi woyamba adakwatira mlengalenga mu 1947, ndipo mu mlengalenga ndege anayamba kuyenda mu 1949. The chitukuko cha nkhani ya makina amenewo anapereka dziko ndege zamakono, ndipo anabweretsa mtundu watsopano wa atsogoleri Soviet mu njira ndege. "Lachiwiri-4 anali ndi liwiro pazipita 558 Km / h, kutalika fyuluta 11 anali 200 mamita 6200 mamita osiyanasiyana. Makina koteroko latsopano zida. tonnes oposa 11 payload akanakhoza kutenga pa bolodi ndege Russian Air Force. Long-osiyanasiyana ndege kuthi latsopano wapadera woimira ndi mphamvu kuti tipitirize gulu lake la zida za nyukiliya monga "RDS-3."

"Lachiwiri 16" - woyamba ndege yonyamula ndi Russian losatha ndege

"Lachiwiri 16" ndi woyamba Russian njira ndege losatha ndege ali ndi injini ndege. Cholinga cha makina - njira zolinga zosiyanasiyana njira. Kulengedwa akatswiri Tupolev anayamba ntchito pa chilengedwe cha ndege mu 1950, ndi kale 27 April 1952 ndi zinachitika woyamba adakwatira mlengalenga. Kumapeto kwa chaka ndege ndi anapezerapo kuŵeta. Machinery "Lachiwiri 16" kwa nthawi yoyamba chibatizidwireni njira ndege mu 1954

Kapangidwe ka ndege yodziwika ndi pamaso pa chinapululutsa m'ma mapiko ndi mchira wa mawonekedwe omwewo. The fuselage ndege munali zipinda zisanu ndi ali zozungulira mtanda gawo. yoponya mabomba kanyumba yodziwika ndi wokhulupirika mkulu, wagawanika mu zipinda ziwiri ndipo anatsindika galasi oti muli nazo zida ndi mbale zozitetezera. ndege adalira inkakhala oyendetsa asanu. The injini waukulu galimoto awiri turbojet unsembe wa zosintha zosiyanasiyana. Yoponya mabomba akhoza kunyamula katundu wolemera matani 9 mabomba amene anayikidwa mu chipinda chomwecho. Komanso, "Lachiwiri 16" akhoza mudzikonzere awiri ankalamulira mivi mapiko monga "CS-1".

Model "Lachiwiri 16" kwapangitsa kuti akhale bwino kwambiri moti anayamba kubala zochokera reconnaissance ndege "Lachiwiri-16P" zombo-mathanki "Lachiwiri-163" ndi woyamba Russian ndege chida zovuta "Lachiwiri-16K-10." Komanso, yoponya mabomba uyu anali zinachitika kwa ndege mwakwera ndege "Lachiwiri 104", amene anayamba kubala mu 1964. Woyamba Russian njira roketi ndege "Lachiwiri 16" imatengedwa kuti ndege yaitali yaitali zoweta ndi achilendo. Iwo anali kudzipatula kwa utumiki mu 1994 chokha.

"Lachiwiri-95MS" - maziko a Russian losatha ndege

"Lachiwiri-95MS" - ifeyo Russian losatha ndege ndege lakonzedwa kuti mzinga ndi bomba kunyanyala pa zinthu n'kupuma nthawi iliyonse tsiku kaya nyengo. Ntchito pa ndondomeko ya zofunika sitima "Lachiwiri 95" anayamba mu 1950s oyambirira. Mu 1956, kupanga ndege yoyamba analowa utumiki mawu a ndege losatha.

Chifukwa mofulumira kukonzanso zida za njira aeronautics United States, boma la Russia anaganiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndege zamakono kuti akhoza kupikisana ndi ndege American. Mu 1981, Russian losatha ndege akulowa m'gulu la modernized ndege "Lachiwiri-95MS".

Masiku ano, injini waukulu losatha ndege ndi Russian Air Force vysokoplanom ndi anayi injini turboprop, yomwe ili pa mapiko a muvi woboola pakati. chotengeracho okonzeka mayunitsi masiyanidwe zida imene atembenuza mbali zosiyana awiri zolumukizidwa zinayi tsamba tinakwera. Adalira kanyumba lili fuselage patsogolo, izo kwathunthu losindikizidwa. Palinso wopalasa ngalawayo ndi chimbudzi.

Chida ali okonzeka ndi zida zamakono Rada, "mwachidule," pa bolodi chitetezo zovuta, monga zochitika atsopano a akatswiri Russian asilikali, komanso zida chokhumudwitsacho ndi kumbuyo. Pa nthawi ya Russian Air Force ali 60 ndege "Lachiwiri-95MS" wa zosintha zosiyanasiyana.

"Lachiwiri 160" - "White Mbalame ya Chinsansa" ndege Russian losatha

Ndege "Lachiwiri 160" ndi masiku supersonic chida zonyamulira. Pa mtima wa zinalengedwera ndi osintha Masamu mapiko a. Izi oimira Russian losatha ndege zingakhudze zolinga zazikulu zida za nyukiliya za mdani, ngakhale mu kwambiri kumbuyo mizere mdani nkhondo chokhala asilikali.

Ntchito pa chilengedwe cha chotero makina nkhondo inayamba mu 1975. Akatswiri kuti cholinga Tupolev supersonic njira yoponya mabomba. Chifukwa, "Lachiwiri 160" analengedwa - cantilever monoplane ndi mkulu makulidwe mapiko, kumene kunali zomera mphamvu zinayi. ndege kapangidwe limakupatsani ikani zonse zida ndi bomba armament mu zipinda chomwecho mkati. ndege adalira - oyendetsa anayi, amene amathandiza pressurized kanyumba mu mphuno za yoponya mabomba a.

Woyamba mayeso flights chinayamba mu 1981, kumapeto kwa 1980s, kusindikiza makina anayamba kubwera mu utumiki. Pakali pano, ndege "Lachiwiri 160" ali bwino ndege ntchito poyerekeza ndi anzanu lonse. Liwiro pazipita makina pa msinkhu wa ku 2000 Km / h pafupi nthaka - 1030 Km / h. Othandiza okwera denga akhoza kufika 16 Km ndege osiyanasiyana -. Kuti mamita 13.200 pa Russian losatha ndege armament tichipeza magalimoto 15. Iwo amatchedwa "White Mbalame ya Chinsansa".

Mu 2014, dziko chikondwerero lofunika tsiku - zaka 100 Russian losatha ndege. kwalembedwa pansipa mwatsatanetsatane.

Tsiku losatha ndege Russian Air Force

Holide deti la Russian losatha oyendetsa ndege ndi 23 December. Mu 1999, dongosolo la Mtsogoleri wa tsiku Russian Air Force Anatoliya Kornukova anali kumatanthauza ndege losatha ku Russia. Tsiku December 23 si kusankha mwachisawawa. Tsiku lomwelo, loyamba mpweya squadron "Ilya Muromets" unakhazikitsidwa mu 1914.

2014 chinali chikumbutso - zaka 100 losatha ndege ku Russia. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pakhala nthawi zambiri wapadera. Chochitika chofunika mu chikondwerero cha centennial panali anapeza angapo zipilala wodzipereka kwa waukulu chidwi mphamvu ya Air Force. Kuthandiza pa ndondomeko izi anatengera ndi Board of Veterans a Russian losatha ndege.

Pomaliza

Panopa losatha ndege ku Russia, chifukwa Service ake kwa Lathu, ali ndi ufulu adzatchedwa waukulu chidwi mphamvu ya Russian Air Force. Limeneli liyenera ndi yofunika njira malo a High Lamulo. Air detachment, amene angathetse ntchito ya usilikali, kaya malo dera limene chinthu njira, ndi kutali Russian ndege. 2014 chinali chaka chisangalalo ichi mayunitsi Air Force. Ndipotu, pamene dziko chikondwerero zaka 100 chikhazikitsireni maziko a ndege losatha.