Lyrics feta. NKHANI ndakatulo ndi nzeru zaumunthu mawu Feta

November 23, 1820 m'mudzi Novoselki, wapafupi Mtsensk, banja Carolina Charlotte Fet ndi Athanasius Neofitovicha Shenshin malo aakulu Russian ndakatulo Afanasiy Afanasevich Fet. Makolo ake tinakwatirana popanda mwambo Orthodox kunja (mayi ndakatulo anali Lutheran), chifukwa cha ukwati zimene mtchatho ku Germany, chinali chosavomerezeka mu Russia.

Walekana ndi udindo wa otchuka

Patapita nthawi, anapangidwa ukwati mu mwambo Orthodox, Athanasius Afanasievich atakhala pansi pa dzina la amake - Fet, kaya mwana wake wapathengo. mnyamatayo mosatsata kupatula dzina la bambo ake ndi mutu wa otchuka, wa fuko ndi cholowa ufulu Russian. Pakuti mnyamatayo kwa zaka zambiri chofunika kwambiri pa moyo anali kuti ayambenso dzina Shenshin ndi ufulu onse obwera. Only pansi pa m'badwo wakale anatha kukwaniritsa zimenezi, kuyamba anthu otchuka cholowa.

maphunziro

Wolemba ndakatulo m'tsogolo 1838, iye analowa Moscow aphunzitsi Pogodin bolodi, ndipo ndinalembetsa dipatimenti wapakamwa a University Moscow mu August chaka chomwecho. Banja la mnzakeyo wake ndi bwenzi, Apollon Grigoriev anakhala wophunzira wake zaka. Ubwenzi achinyamata chinathandiza mapangidwe akutsatira wamba ndi maganizo luso.

Zoyesayesa woyamba kulemba

Athanasius Afanasievich akuyamba kulemba ndakatulo, ndipo mu 1840 mu lotulukira kuwala lofalitsidwa pa ndalama zake magulu andakatulo yakuti "m'nyimbo Pantheon". Mavesiwa bwino anamva kumatikumbutsabe andakatulo Evgeniya Baratynskogo, Vasiliya Zhukovskogo ndi Ivan Kozlov. mosalekeza kusindikizidwa Popeza 1842 Athanasius Afanasievich mu magazini "Mfundo za Lathu". Vissarion Grigorevich Belinsky kale mu 1843 analemba kuti anthu onse okhala mu Moscow ndakatulo Fet "onse a mphatso" ndi ndime ya wolemba wavala ndime ndi ntchito za Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova.

Kufunika kwa ntchito ya usilikali

Fet anayesa ntchito mabuku ndi mtima wanga wonse, koma kusakhazikika kwa zinthu za cuma ndi anthu a ndakatulo yokakamiza kusintha tsogolo lawo. Athanasius Afanasievich mu 1845 akulowa sanali analamula Mkulu wina wa regiments amene ali m'chigawo Kherson, kuti athe kulandira cholowa otchuka (amene anapereka ufulu kwa mkulu udindo kapitawo). Wosiyidwayo mabuku, ndi moyo mu likulu, pafupi ikutha kusindikizidwa, komanso chifukwa chifukwa dontho mu ankafuna ndakatulo magazini safuna ndakatulo wake.

Tsoka mu moyo wake Feta

Mu Kherson izo zinachitika zaka anakonzeratu moyo wa ndakatulo iyi ndi zinthu zomvetsa chisoni: moto anapha bwenzi lake - Maria Lazic, mtsikana popanda malowolo, umene adanyerezera pyakukhonda chifukwa cha umphawi wawo. Pambuyo chakuti feta ndi chochitika ake chachilendo chinachitika: kuchokera makandulo Mariya kavalidwe zinagwira moto, iye anathamangira ku munda, koma osati athane ndi wozimitsa zovala ndi mukuponderezedwa mu utsi. Akhoza amaganiziridwa kuyesa mtsikana kudzipha, ndipo m'mavesi Feta idzalakalaka resound kumatikumbutsabe za mavuto (mwachitsanzo, ndakatulo "Pamene mukuwerenga stitches chowawa ...", 1887).

Chikuonetseratu kuti A Lancers eyb Alonda

Mu 1853 pali kukhota lakuthwa mu tsoka la ndakatulo iyi: anatha kulowa Alonda chilili St. Petersburg pafupi Moyo alonda Lancers. Tsopano Athanasius Afanasievich mwayi wokaona likulu, kuyambiranso ntchito yake zolembalemba amayamba nthawi zonse kufalitsa ndakatulo mu "Contemporary", "Russian boma yotchedwa Gazette", "Mfundo za Lathu", "Library Kuwerenga". Iye abwera pafupi Ivan Turgenev, Nikolai Nekrasov, Vasiliem Botkinym, Aleksandrom Druzhininym - akonzi a "Contemporary". Dzina Feta, kale theka aiwala, reappear mu ndemanga, nkhani, magazini amafotokoza ndi kusindikizidwa ndakatulo wake kuyambira 1854. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev anakhala awathandize bwinobwino kuti ndakatulo iyi, ndipo ngakhale anakonza magazini atsopano a ntchito zake mu 1856.

Tsoka la ndakatulo iyi mu zaka 1856-1877

Pa utumiki Fet analibe mwayi: nthawi iliyonse omangika malamulo kwa anthu otchuka cholowa. Mu 1856 iye anasiya ntchito ya usilikali ndipo popeza anakwaniritsa cholinga chake chachikulu. Mu Paris mu 1857 Athanasius Afanasievich anakwatira mwana wa munthu wamalonda wolemera, Maria Petrovna Botkin, ndipo anapeza malo ndi Mtsensk. Panthawiyo, pafupi sanalembe ndakatulo. Monga wochirikiza maganizo ndiwofatsa, Fet moyipa kwambiri anazindikira chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom ku Russia ndipo kuyambira 1862, anayamba nthawi zonse kufalitsa essays mu "Russian boma yotchedwa Gazette", otsutsiratu ku malo a mwini malo mwinimunda malamulo pambuyo kusintha. Mu zaka 1867-1877 anachita ntchito ya zamalamulo a. Mu 1873, potsiriza Athanasius Afanasievich analandira cholowa otchuka.

Tsoka la feta mu 1880

Mu mabuku, wolemba ndakatulo anabwerera yekha mu 1880, anasamukira ku Moscow ndi watanthauzo. Mu 1881, kuleza wokondedwa loto lake anali anazindikira - analenga anapita lomasuliridwa nzeru zapamwamba lake lapamtima, Artura Shopengauera, "The World monga Will ndi chifaniziro." Mu 1883, anafalitsa kusinthika kwa ntchito zonse za ndakatulo iyi Horace, anapezerapo Fet mu zaka wophunzira. Pakuti nthawi kuchokera 1883 mpaka 1991, agwiritsidwa kwa buku la nkhani anayi a ndakatulo zosonkhanitsira "Kuwala Madzulo".

Lyrics Feta: mudziwe ambiri

Ndakatulo Afanasevicha Athanasius, pa mizu chikondi, ndi mtundu wa kugwirizana pakati pa ntchito Vasiliya Zhukovskogo ndi Alexander Blok. Kenako ndakatulo a ndakatulo iyi zinkangokhala mwambo Tiutchev a. Kiyi lyric Feta - chikondi ndi malo.

Mu 1950-1960-ntchentche, pa mapangidwe Athanasius Afanasevicha monga ndakatulo mu mabuku pafupifupi mwayekha analamulira Nekrasov ndi anthu ake - Kuikiradi kukuwa anthu, zolinga boma la ndakatulo. Choncho Athanasius Afanasievich ndi zilandiridwenso, tikhoza kunena, anapanga ochepa mochedwa. NKHANI mawu Feta sanamulole kuti ndilowe nawo m'gulu lake, ndi Nekrasov. Ndipotu, malinga ndi oimira ndakatulo woganizirana, ndakatulo ayenera kukhala apakhungu, kuchita mabodza ndi vuto maganizo.

zifukwa nthanthi

Nthanthi mawu Feta amalimbikitsa ntchito zake zonse zimaonekera malo, ndi chikondi ndakatulo. Ngakhale Athanasius Afanasievich ngakhale anzanga ndi andakatulo ambiri mwa bwalo Nekrasov, iye ankanena kuti luso ayenera kukhala ndi chidwi china kuposa kukongola. Only mu chikondi, chikhalidwe ndi luso lenileni (kupenta, music, chosema) anapeza wokhalitsa mogwirizana. Nthanthi mawu Feta anayesa kuti achoke monga momwe tingathere ndi zenizeni, kusinkhasinkha kusalakwa kwa zachabe ndi kuwawa kwa kukongola wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kukhazikitsidwa mu 1940 Afanasiem Afanasevichem chikondi nzeru, ndipo mu 1960 - otchedwa luso chiphunzitso koyera.

Mosavuta maganizo ndi ntchito yake - chisangalalo cha chilengedwe, kukongola, luso, kukumbukira ndi chisangalalo. Izi ndi mbali ya mawu Feta. Nthawi zambiri, wolemba ndakatulo anapeza ndege motif kuchokera pansi kutali pambuyo mweziwo kapena othyathyalika nyimbo.

Mafanizo ndi achipongwe

Zonse tili m'gulu la lapamwamba ndi wokongola, anapatsidwa mapiko, makamaka kum'konda ndi nyimbo. Lyrics Feta amagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo monga "maloto mapiko", "mapiko song," "ola mapiko", "mawu mapiko kuwomba," "changu ouziridwa" ndi ena.

Achipongwe ntchito zake sindikufuna zambiri pofotokoza chinthu palokha, ndipo kuganiza m'nyimbo zimene anaona. Choncho, iwo akhoza kukhala nawatsimikizira zosamvetsetseka ndi mosayembekezereka. Mwachitsanzo, zeze mungawapange tanthauzo la "kusungunuka". Chitsanzo cha feta achipongwe - "Akufa Maloto", "onunkhira kulankhula", "maloto siliva", "udzu maliro", "vdovevshaya buluu" ndi ena.

Nthawi zambiri chithunzi limachokera ntchito mayanjano zithunzi. Ndakatulo "woimba" - chitsanzo omveka. Izo zimasonyeza mtima wofuna kumasulira kumverera kwaiye nyimbo zolemekeza zithunzi zenizeni ndiponso maganizo a womwenso mawu ndi feta.

mavesiwa ndi awa zachilendo kwambiri. Motero, "mtunda mphete" ndi ngale "modekha yowala" kumwetulira chikondi, "mawu yoyaka" ndi amaziralira kutali ngati "Dawn la nyanja, 'kuti ankathamanga kachiwiri" mokweza mafunde. " Osiyanasiyana zithunzi molimba sankadziwa nthawi ya ndakatulo Russian. Iwo anadziyesa patapita nthawi yaitali, kokha mkubwela kwa Symbolists.

Ponena za kulenga chikhalidwe feta, ndi kutchulidwa impressionism, ozikidwa pa fixation zidindo mwachindunji zenizeni.

Nature mu ndakatulo iyi

Malo ndakatulo Feta - gwero la kukongola Mulungu kulenganso wosatha ndi kuchuluka. otsutsa ambiri otchulidwa chikhalidwe anafotokozedwa ndi wolemba ili ngati pawindo la nyumba Manor, kapena pa kaonedwe ka paki, ngati pa cholinga yochititsa kaso. Malo ndakatulo Feta ndi mawu chilengedwe kukongola osafikiridwa ndi munthu wa dziko.

Nature kwa Athanasius Afanasevicha - gawo lawolawo "Ine", maziko ku zinamuchitikira ndi malingaliro, chinkatilimbikitsa kwambiri. Lyrics feta ngati blurs mzere wa pakati pa dziko lakunja ndi mumtima. Choncho, makhalidwe anthu ndakatulo wake akhoza zimachitika mdima, mpweya, ngakhale mtundu.

Nthawi zambiri chikhalidwe cha mawu Feta - usiku malo, monga usiku, pamene amangokhala ali pikitipikiti tsiku utatha, chophweka kukhala ndi mabuku, wambawamba kukongola. Mu nthawi ya tsiku ndakatulo palibe zapamtima chisokonezeko, ooneka ndi mantha Tiutchev. Akulamulira chobisika masana otchuka mogwirizana. Osati mphepo ndi mdima, ndi mwezi ndi nyenyezi pamwamba. Star kuwerenga Fet "buku la moto" yamuyaya (ndakatulo "Pakati nyenyezi").

Ulusi mawu feta suthera malongosoledwe a chikhalidwe. A gawo lapadera la ntchito yake ndi ndakatulo anadzipereka kukonda.

Chikondi ndakatulo Feta

Kukonda ndakatulo iyi - nyanja lonse maganizo: akulifuna ndi manyazi komanso kusangalala chikondi, ndi apotheosis chikondi, chimwemwe miyoyo iwiri. Ndakatulo chikumbukiro wolemba izi amadziwa palibe malire, zomwe zinamuthandiza kulemba ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa chikondi chake choyamba, ngakhale zaka zake zimachepa, ngati iye anali pansi pa kuona tsiku zambiri anakhumba posachedwapa.

Nthawi zambiri, wolemba ndakatulo akufotokoza zikamera wa maganizo, ambiri aunikiridwa, zachikondi ndi akunjenjemera mphindi zake: zowawa loyamba la manja, maganizo yaitali, woyamba madzulo kukayenda mu munda, ukubweretsa wauzimu ubwenzi kuganizira za chilengedwe chokongola. M'nyimbo ngwazi limanena kuti palibe zosakwana chimwemwe kwambiri, muziona njira kwa iye.

Malo ndi chikondi ndakatulo Feta kuphatikiza umodzi indivisible. A maganizo unakula zachilengedwe mChipangano zochitika chikondi. A chitsanzo chapadera cha ichi - kakang'ono "kunong'ona wamanyazi mpweya ..." (1850). Mfundo yakuti mu ndakatuloyi palibe kasewenzetsedwe ka mau - osati njira pachiyambi, komanso nzeru wonse. Palibe kanthu chifukwa limafotokoza kwenikweni mphindi yokha limodzi kapena angapo mphindi, atathana ndi kudzidalira. Chithunzi wokonda anafotokozedwa ndi mwatsatanetsatane, monga amasungunula mu ambiri chiwembu ndakatulo mphamvu. Palibe chithunzi olimba a heroine - izo ayenera amathandizana ndi kukonzanso kulenga m'maganizo wowerenga a.

Chikondi mawu Feta kawirikawiri lowonjezera ndi zolinga zina. Mwachitsanzo, mu ndakatuloyi "The Moon imawala usiku linadzaza ndi munda ...." Mu mogwirizana kuphatikiza malingaliro atatu: amasirira nyimbo zoledzeretsa usiku ndi yolimbikitsa kuimba, kukulitsa kukonda imba. moyo wonse a mlakatuli Ndi amasungunula mu nyimbo ndipo nthawi yomweyo mu shawa kuimba heroine, amene ndiye chimake moyo mtima umene.

ndakatulo imeneyi ndi zovuta m'kagulu unambiguously kukonda nyimbo kapena ndakatulo zokhudza luso. Koma kuti tanthauzo monga nyimbo kukongola, kaphatikizidwe ndi liveliness maganizo, amakopeka wake ndi zozama nthanthi subtext. Chotero kaonedwe lotchedwa aestheticism.

Athanasius Afanasyevitch adatengedwa pa mapiko a kudzoza kupitirira kukhalako padziko lapansi amaona mbuye wofanana milungu, mphamvu ya namatetule wake ndakatulo chililaka Pochita maluso anthu.

Pomaliza

zonse moyo ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo iyi - kufufuza kukongola m'chikondi, chikhalidwe, ngakhale imfa. ngati kuigumana? Funso ili kuliyankha yekha amene analidi kuzindikira kuti zotsatira za kulenga za wolemba izi: anamva nyimbo za ntchito zake, anaona zojambula malo, kuona kukongola kwa mizere ya ndakatulo ndi aphunzira kupeza mogwirizana dziko.

Tafotokoza zolinga zazikulu lyric Feta, zimaonetsa ntchito ya mlembi wamkulu uyu. Mwachitsanzo, wolemba ndakatulo aliyense Athanasius Afanasievich analemba za mutu wosatha wa moyo ndi imfa. Iye sanali owopa chomwecho ngakhale imfa, ngakhale moyo ( "Mavesi pa Imfa ya"). Ndi imfa yathupi a ndakatulo iyi akukumana ndi mphwayi ozizira, komanso moyo padziko lapansi adzayesedwa wolungama ndi Afanasiem Afanasevichem Fetom yekha kulenga moto, zokhala ndi kugonjera ake kuti "dziko lonse". Kumveka ndakatulo ndi amajambulapo maluwa okongola wakale (monga "Diana"), ndi Christian ( "Ave Maria", "Madonna").

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ntchito ya feta angapezeke mu mabuku mabuku Russian imene mawu Athanasius Afanasevicha tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane.