Ma Khola mawu m'zinenero Russian ndi English

Mawu m'chinenero ali makamaka lexical tanthauzo, amene anafotokoza mu nkhani ina. Nthawi zambiri mawu kukhala tanthauzo lililonse, kulowa yekha alowe kugwirizana kalembedwe ndi zomveka ndi mphatso zina. Izi osakaniza azilandira mawu, kumene polumikizana masika ndi mzake kupanga umodzi phindu latsopano.

Collocations Lexical

Polankhula ndi mawu, osati zinthu kudzipatula koma pa nkhani ya mawu ena kuti ayenera pamodzi lexical, galamala, zomveka. Mwachitsanzo, mawu maluwa amafuna mgwirizano mu chiwerengero, jenda ndi nkhani, kuti ndi adjective kapena participle akhale wamphongo, kuima mu chimodzi Tikanena nominative: maluwa nkhalango. Pamene ntchito adjective, osati abwino mkati tanthauzo la (maluwa mitambo), ndiye akusokoneza lexical ngakhale mawu.

ma Khola mawu - ndicho chomangira mtheradi, amene salola m'malo mwa zigawo. Motero, kuphatikiza kwa dzuwa ndi "anasonyeza cheza cha dzuwa." Ngati inu m'malo mwa munthu chigawo chimodzi cha osakaniza, izo sizitha ake (osakaniza tsiku dzuwa, kalulu wamantha mulibe lingaliro limeneli). Mawu, lexical ngakhale a mawu akuti khola ili mtheradi ndi chikhalidwe.

Collocations zamalankhulidwe, mwachitsanzo zamalankhulidwe, kuwonjezekeredwa kuchigwiritsa chibadwa. Intuitively anamva mwayi ntchito mawu maapulo ndi azithunzithunzi buku la maapulo.

okuluwika

Mawu zofuna pafupi akonzedwa yeniyeni chigawo. Zimachitika kuti mawu ngakhale zopinga chifukwa lagona kuphatikana wake ku chilengedwe makamaka - osakaniza wangwiro mawu, iwo amatchedwa phraseology osiyana. Mawu French zilankhulo Charles Bally kukhala mtengo wa "nfundo yaikhulu mawu." Ndithudi, ma khola mawu (Zining'a) zigwirizana mwa zigawo zingapo (ndi achilendo mawu), monga liwu lofanana ndi liwu limodzi: Nick pansi - kumbukirani kuti imbani pakamwa madzi - wotseka, atsegule pakamwa pake lonse - kudabwa.

zokambirana akatswiri a zinenero

The sayansi kuti amaphunzira kapangidwe ndi mbali ya phraseology, amatchedwa phraseology. Zilankhulo ikufotokoza uthunthu wake. Pali kusiyana mu kulungamitsidwa ongolankhula wa phraseology. Mu magulu ena a akatswiri a zinenero kufalikira mu chinenero cha ma khola mawu amatchedwa motere. kuzipenya Lexicographical kulola ife kuweruza mosiyana nkhani imeneyi. Phraseology ankaona kuti okhawo ma khola limene mtengo kutanthauziridwa ndi malongosoledwe a zigawo munthu. Choncho, mukhale fritters Zining'a kapena zimauluka mitambo simungathe kuzifotokoza ndi malongosoledwe a liwu lililonse. Indivisible kuphatikiza tanthauzo okhazikika bwino za nyumba zimenezi.

akatswiri a zinenero zambiri simuli a amaika mawu mawu, aphorisms, cliches kulankhula. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti Zining'a (ma khola mawu) - izi ndi osakaniza kuti ndi lofanana ndi liwu limodzi.

Gawo Vinogradov Shan

Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov, munthu wotchuka kwambiri Russian zilankhulo ndi mbiri lonse, nkhani ya ma khola mawu mu chinenero cha Chirasha ndipo anawagawira iwo. Mu ntchito yake Zining'a anawagawa phraseological msoko (makamaka Zining'a) Mgwirizano phraseological ndi ma phraseological. Nikolai Maksimovich Shan kukodzedwa gulu Vinogradov, kusonyeza gulu la mawu idiomatic.

maphatikizidwe

Ndi adhesions ndi ma amene manenedwe ndi bwino kokha mu kulankhulana makamaka. Kutanthauza Zining'a zigawo yekha ndiye mwamtheradi zosaoneka. Manenedwe adhesions konse, zodabwitsa, kugwetsa gauntlet, twiddle, kuponya mwala ndi zina n'zosatheka kufotokoza tanthauzo la liwu lililonse. Mtengo linanena bungwe kuchokera Zining'a pachikhalidwe anakakhala msoko. phraseologisms maphunziro - ndi nthawi zakale ndondomeko amenewa amapezeka mu chilankhulo chinachake.

Kutchula mbiri ya chinenero ndi ma khola la mawu. Zitsanzo za adhesions amenewa: chamutu, kukanirira, motsimikiza. Iwo ali lalikulu kusinthika, popeza si ikuyendetsedwa ndi tanthauzo la liwu lililonse. The adhesions sizingatheke permutation ndi m'malo mwa zigawo.

mgwirizano

umodzi Phraseological, mosiyana adhesions zigwirizana zigawo semantically kusiya. phindu zachokera indivisible zophiphiritsira chabe kufanana kwa mawu ndi kutanthauza phraseologism onse. Okuluwika kuyika luso mu nthaka "pachabe kuwononga mphamvu zawo," anafotokoza fanizo ili: m'manda mu nthaka - "chikopa, kubisa". umodzi Phraseological zochepa idiomatic kuposa msoko lapansi. Umodzi zikhoza kuchepetsedwa mwa kulankhula kwina, nthawi zina m'malo chimodzi pa. Mwachitsanzo, mu phraseologisms kuitana zokumbira zokumbira nthawi zina m'malo ndi puronauni ndi: kumazitchula zinthu ndi mayina awo. umodzi Phraseological otchedwa Zining'a.

osakaniza

The manenedwe a ma phraseological wapangidwa makhalidwe abwino a zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse amapanga mawu zisathe. Pamene izi amaphatikizidwa ndi mbali free, ndi kugwirizana. Cha mfundo zimene timayendera aliyense wa iwo limasonyeza limodzi phindu mawu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu okuluwika mdani wamkulu kumaphatikizapo Ufumuyo ndi mau a mdani Woonekera ufulu. Komanso osakaniza sidekick, malo wosakhwima, kuzizira, akumwetulira ndi ena.

mawu

Yanjinga N. M. Shanskim phraseological mawu ali Zining'a, wopangidwa mwa ufulu wolankhula. Palibe zinthu ofanana. Nthawi zambiri mawu phraseological ofanana cliches anthu, miyambi, ndi mawu ndi aphorisms. Mwachitsanzo, chikondi kwa mibadwo yonse, zabwino zonse, mpaka tidzakomanenso, palibe tsiku popanda mzere. Pa mawu, mawu phraseological si anatulukira kulankhula, ndipo inaika ku kukumbukira.

Okuluwika mu English

Olemera English phraseology Fund, limene kwa zaka amatilimbikitsa akutenga ndalama zambiri ku Latin, German, French, Spanish, ndi chidwi makamaka kwa akatswiri a zinenero. Chidziwitso cha phraseology chinenero chimasonyeza msinkhu wotanthauzira. The Choyenereza mkulu wa katswiri kumathandiza kupewa kusamvetsetsana chinenero.

ma Khola mawu mu Chingerezi akhoza kugawidwa malinga ndi gulu la vv Vinogradov. Phraseological msoko zovuta kwambiri kuti amasulire, chifukwa mawu aphatikizidwa izo akukhudzana. The manenedwe a nyumba amenewa anachokera ku mtengo weniweni. Mwachitsanzo, kukankha chidebe silingamasuliridwe kwenikweni ngati yamba ndi chidebe. Apa mawu ndi yolumikiza wina ndi mzake, kupereka phindu wapadera omwe angathe kumasuliridwa Russian phraseology kutambasula miyendo.

umodzi Phraseological mu English kukhalira limodzi ndi mawu akuti homonymous. Mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi galu, khungwa wekha monga okuluwika inayake "ganyu kuti agwire ntchito ya munthu." Translation homonymous ufulu kuphatikiza amatanthauza "galu kuti barks pa mbuye wake." Mkulu akuti mgwirizano phraseological ndi chizindikiro cha Chingerezi.

ma Phraseological kuloleza m'malo chimodzi pa. The zikuchokera zikuphatikizapo mawu amenewa ndi phindu amodzi ndi kupezeka. Okuluwika ndi kuthawa yopapatiza, kulola kuchotsa chigawo chachikulu kuti, lotembenuzidwa Russian kuphatikiza opulumutsidwa chozizwitsa. Gulu la phraseology zosavuta kwambiri kuti amasulire chifukwa cha kulolerana wa osakaniza nthano, malemba (Sisyphean ntchito, Adamu apulo, ndipo hillesova chidendene, ulusi Ariadne ndi fupa la mikangano, ndi ena).

English miyambi, ndi mawu opanda mfundo yophiphiritsa ndi phraseological mawu. Iwo amakhala ndi mawu ndi mfundo free, koma ndi kale reproducible: zambiri amuna ambiri malingaliro anamasuliridwa Russian phraseological mawu a anthu angati, malingaliro ambiri.

phrasebook Fund

Okuluwika chiyambi kungakhale mbiri (mbadwa) ndi yobwereka. Peryvami kaŵirikaŵiri ma khola la mawu akuti zoipa, ndi archaisms ndi historicism. Mwachitsanzo, pali kanthu kuphimba; kanthu konse; Palibe akukuwerengerani kanthu iyiwalika; ndi mawu a pakamwa; pafupi chikhalidwe; limodzi ngati chala; chomera akungotaya nthawi; palibe wopusa.

Anabwereka imatengedwa akhale wolimba osakaniza mawu analowa chinenero monga chotsirizidwa, nthawi zambiri popanda yomasulira. sankakhala wa phraseology njira zosiyanasiyana. Mythology, mabuku akale, Lemba, kubweretsa katswiri mabuku dziko m'chilankhulo cha ma khola la mawu. Zitsanzo za phraseology anatengedwa ku Latin chilankhulo: Alma Mater, ndi idee fixe, ndi Tete-a-Tete. Baibulo anapereka khola mawu monga mwana wolowerera, Mwanawankhosa wa Mulungu, nkhandwe ndi zobvala zankhosa, sambani m'manja, ndi ena ambiri. Ntchito ya zopeka analowa phraseological thumba la chinenero cha Chirasha ndipo akuti anali kwenikweni mnyamata? (Gorky), abale athu ang'onoang'ono (Esenin), kufalitsa njovu (M.Zoshchenko).

Ntchito phraseology zolankhula

Tikulankhula, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mawu phraseological, izo zikumveka owala, okongola ndi limaonetseratu. Okuluwika kutsindika kudodoma m'mawu anthu, kusonyeza mlingo wa maphunziro ake. Phraseology nzeru ndi ntchito yoyenera mawu atathana amalankhula bwino wangwiro.

Luso phraseology kuti kwambiri tikuyamba ndi zosangalatsa waife atolankhani, olemba, andale, oimira nthumwi za kudzinenera zina, zokhudzana ndi ntchito kulankhula ndi mmene amalankhulira. Writers zambiri kusintha Zining'a, kuwonjezera iwo zosakaniza ambiri achipongwe, zomwe zimachititsa kuti ngakhale kwambiri wophiphiritsa limaonetseratu. Mtengo wa ma khola mawu amakhala ironical pamene m'malo gawo la zolowa zisathe.

Kuipitsidwa kwa phraseology ntchito ndi publicists mitu ya nkhani, essays, reclamations. Asintha akuti anali m'gulu makamaka a phraseology - occasionalisms.

phrasebook

Pamene ntchito ma khola mawu muyenera kudziwa ndendende zimene manenedwe awo, kuganizira m'maganizo stylistic. zolakwa Associative kugwiritsa ntchito phraseology, molakwa unaitanidwa chigawo chachikulu m'malo Paronyms kapena ofanana ovuta mawu (kugwa mu mzimu, osachepera kuwerenga Cheshi), akukamba mbiri ya umbuli wa chinenero ndi etymology chinenero. Yolondola, kogwiritsa ntchito mawu idiomatic ukasintha amasintha tanthauzo la watero ndi, asokoneza izo zimapangitsa kupusa (Iwo anaimba tsekwe wake song, ophunzirawo positi mu ulendo omaliza). Pewani zolakwa zimenezi kuthandiza Phrasebook. Iwo amatanthauzira phraseological wagawo, anafotokoza anayambira, ndi mawu n'chimodzimodzi ndi mawu. Mu mabuku nzeru ndi zinenero anapatsidwa kumasulira ofanana.