Mabungwe - ndi chiyani ichi? ndicho zachuma nchito chiyani?

"Mabungwe" - ndi mau amene angamvele zambiri poyerekezera ndi chuma. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa chomwe chimatanthauza. Koma ayenera kumvetsa kuti mawu, komanso mawu ofanana ndi mawu, amathandiza kwambiri pa moyo ano, ndipo anali kufunika kwakukulu m'mbuyomu, ndondomeko patsogolo zokolola ndi ogula Relations. Lingaliro la "mabungwe" - zimenezi anayamba chitukuko cha chuma masiku ano mawonekedwe umene masiku ano. Choncho zikutanthauza chiyani?

kutanthauza

Choncho, choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa ubwino wa mawu amenewa. Mabungwe - ndi adjective amene akufotokoza chinachake kuti mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi boma ndipo ali ndi nkhawa mwachindunji kwa iwo. Ichi ndi tanthauzo lenileni la mawu, lomwe ndi maziko a kayendedwe chodziwika cha chuma, amene kwambiri imadziwika monga institutionalism. Komabe, tikambirana patapita kanthawi, ndipo tsopano ndi ofunika kuganizira tanthauzo lachiwiri la mawu.

Mabungwe - ndi amene mwalamulo anaika ndi wotetezedwa mwa udindo wawo. Ie asapita nchito - izi ndi mabwenzi amene anakonza Ndipotu, mwina pa mlingo malamulo.

Monga mukuonera, pali awiri mtengo yaikulu ya anati mawu, koma choyamba ntchito zambiri ndipo analandira nkhani zochititsa chidwi chifukwa, monga tanenera. Institutionalism - ndi malangizo a chuma, tikambirana zina.

institutionalism

Kodi zachuma nchito? Izi yaikulu ongolankhula sukulu, yomwe imayang'ana kufufuza chikoka mabungwe chikhalidwe monga boma, malamulo, makhalidwe abwino, ndi zina zotero, pa ntchito zachuma cha anthu onse ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa yeniyeni zachuma kupanga zisankho makamaka.

Iye anabadwa mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, mawu akuti "zachuma nchito" unayamba mu 1919. Kufikira tsopano, sukulu watiitana inakhudza kwambiri ndipo ndi imodzi mwa ambiri anazindikira dziko.

Njira nchito

njira nchito - izi ndi zimene zili pa mtima wa institutionalism. Ndipotu iye asamalira zinthu ziwiri - mabungwe mabungwe. Mu lingaliro linatchula koyamba za malamulo ndi miyambo ya makhalidwe a anthu masiku ano, ndi pansi wachiwiri - za chinthu chomwecho, koma kuliika pa mlingo malamulo, pali malamulo, ufulu ofunda, komanso mabungwe ndi magulu.

Ngati mwachidule, kusiyana pakati pa njira nchito kwa njira zina zachuma kwagona kuti gulu lake akamufunsirire kuganizira siyana osati chuma ndi njira, komanso zimakhudza zinthu wawo sanali zachuma, monga mabungwe mabungwe.

mzere wa ganizo

Social ndi m'maphunziro mzere wa ganizo angapo a makhalidwe chosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, amalimbikitsa njira imeneyi akhala akudzudzula umboni ndi mwamawonekedwe khalidwe la kusanthula neoclassical zachuma, amene anali lililonse kwa sayansi pamaso pa Kubwera kwa institutionalism.

Ndi mmodzi wa waukulu mbali zimasiyanitsa mzere wa ganizo anali kufupi interdisciplinary. Pamene inu mukhoza kumvetsa, institutionalists kulimbikitsa kuti chuma anali suona palokha, ndipo Integrated ndi zaumunthu lapansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo adafuna kafukufuku wazotsatira ndi yoona kwa kusanthula mavuto panopa kukanikiza, si nkhani konsekonse.

kusintha nchito

kusintha nchito zimene sapeza dzina lina - chitukuko nchito - ndiyo njira ya kusinthika, atavala kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe mawonekedwe. njira akutsatiridwa mogwirizana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za mabungwe - ndale, chuma, chikhalidwe ndi zina zotero. Ndi nchito chilengedwe - ndi kuti, kumene metamorphosis deta, koma samapezeka kusintha malamulo, ndipo pa mlingo wa mabungwe osiyanasiyana.

kapangidwe

Ndipo potsiriza, kodi m'pofunika kumuuza - kapangidwe nchito. Ndi chiyani icho? Monga sukulu ya zachuma nchito, anatilamula ya mabungwe amene bwanji khalidwe zachuma a anthu, magulu, magulu, mabizinesi ndi zina zotero. Mu zinazake izi masanjidwewo zachuma, amene analenga chiletso ntchito ku bungwe makamaka. Mwachibadwa, zonsezi pamwambapa amapezeka mkati mwa dongosolo makamaka kwa mugwirizano zachuma. Mwachidule, uwu ndi chilengedwe nchito zomwe kusintha kumachitika wonenedwa m'ndime.

Mwachibadwa, si onse zimene tingachite sukulu ya institutionalism. Mmenemo pali nambala yaikulu zachikunja, njira, njira, magulu ndi zina zotero. Komabe, anatchula mfundo zofunika adzakuthandizani kumvetsa ambiri a mtundu wotchedwa chuma zimenezi komanso mwachindunji mawu akuti "mabungwe" lomwe lili kwa pafupifupi zaka, ndi chofunika kwambiri m'munda wa chiphunzitso zachuma.

Mawu amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa aliyense amene akufuna bwino mu kuchotsedwa ubale mu dongosolo la ulimi, mowa, kugawa ndi kuwombola, popeza amagwirizana ndi ambiri za kayendedwe ano ndi mfundo mderali.