Malamulo Kirchhoff

Wotchuka German sayansi Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824 - 1887), maphunziro a University of Königsberg, monga mpando wa sayansi masamu pa yunivesite ya Berlin, pa maziko a deta experimental ndi lamulo Ohm analandira malamulo kuti amatilola kuti tisanthule zovuta madera magetsi. Choncho panali ntchito mu electrodynamics malamulo Kirchhoff a.

Woyamba (zambiri mfundo), kwenikweni, lamulo la kusamala mlandu molumikizana ndi chikhalidwe chimene milandu sitinabadwe ndi chiyani kutha mu wochititsa a. lamulo ili lokhudza mfundo za madera magetsi, i.e. mfundo dera limene lokhazikika ochititsa atatu kapena kuposa.

Ngati timatenga malangizo abwino a pano mu dera, amene ali abwino kwa mfundo zatsopano ndiponso amene achoka - kwa oipa, Uwerenge mafunde pa mfundo iliyonse ayenera kukhala ziro chifukwa milandu sangathe kudziunjikira mu malo:

Ine = N

Σ Iᵢ = 0,

Ine = L

M'mawu ena, kuchuluka kwa paja kuti afanane mfundo mu nthawi wagawo adzakhala wofanana ndi chiwerengero cha milandu kuti apite ku mfundo kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo.

Kirchhoff ulamuliro chachiwiri - ndi generalization la chilamulo Ohm ndipo amatanthauza contours chatsekedwa nthambi unyolo.

M'dera lililonse chatsekedwa, ndi amangosankha anasankha dera zovuta magetsi, ndi algebraic ndalama katundu wa asilikali mafunde ndi resistances lolingana ziwembu mizere adzakhala zofanana ndi ndalama algebraic wa emf mu dera la:

Ine = n₁ ine = n₁

Σ Iᵢ Rᵢ = Σ EI,

Ine = Li = L

malamulo Kirchhoff kawirikawiri kwambiri ntchito kudziwa makhalidwe a mphamvu panopa m'madera zovuta unyolo kumene kukana ndi magawo a magwero panopa apatsidwa. Taganizirani njira kutsatira malamulo kwa mawerengedwe dera chitsanzo. Popeza maikwezhoni imene ntchito malamulo Kirchhoff, ali wamba maikwezhoni algebraic, chiwerengero ayenera zofanana chiwerengero cha unknowns. Ngati dera kusanthula limapangidwa mfundo N ndi mamita mbali (nthambi), ndiye ulamuliro choyamba akhoza kupangidwa (m - 1) yosadalira maikwezhoni ntchito ulamuliro chachiwiri, zambiri (n - mamita + 1) yosadalira maikwezhoni.

Action 1. Sankhani mwachisawawa malangizo panopa, kuona "ulamuliro" inflow ndi outflow, mfundo akhoza kukhala gwero kapena kukhetsa milandu. Ngati inu kusankha malangizo panopa mwalakwitsa, ndiye phindu la padziko lino udzakhala negative. Koma magwero a m'madera panopa kanthu si lachabechabe, iwo malinga ndi njira kuphatikizapo mitengoyo.

Gawo 2 The aone kuti pali mafunde ofanana lamulo loyamba Kirchhoff kwa mfundo B:

I₂ - I₁ - I₃ = 0

Gawo 3: The maikwezhoni lolingana ulamuliro Kirchhoff chachiwiri, koma chisanadze sankhani madera awiri paokha. Pankhaniyi pali mwayi atatu: kumanzere kuzungulira {badb}, pomwe dera {bcdb} ndi mizere padziko lonse {badcb} unyolo.

Popeza kuti tipeze atatu okha amperage, ife asagwiritse tokha madera awiri. kulambalala mtengo malangizo alibe mafunde ndi EMF amaonedwa zabwino ngati iwo lifanane ndi malangizo a kulambalala. Ife kupita mozungulira mizere {badb} counterclockwise, anthu aone kuti pali amakhala:

I₁R₁ + I₂R₂ = ε₁

The kubwera kwachiwiri kuchita mphete lalikulu {badcb}:

I₁R₁ - I₃R₃ = ε₁ - ε₂

Gawo 4: Tsopano amapanga dongosolo la maikwezhoni, lomwe ndi wosavuta kuthetsawo.

Ntchito malamulo Kirchhoff, mukhoza kuchita m'malo zovuta algebraic aone kuti pali. Zinthu wosalira ngati dera muli zina zinthu ofananira, mu nkhani iyi pakhoza kukhala mfundo ndi zimphamvu chomwecho ndi nthambi unyolo ndi mafunde ofanana, amene kwambiri zimatithandiza aone kuti pali.

Chitsanzo chakale imeneyi ndi vuto kudziŵa magulu panopa mu mawonekedwe kiyubiki wapangidwa resistances zofanana. Ndi chosokonekera dera Zoyenereza mfundo 2,3,6, komanso mfundo 4,5,7 ndinu yemweyo, iwo akhoza chilumikizidwe, kuyambira sizisintha mu mawu a yogawa pano, koma kwambiri wosalira chithunzi. Choncho, Kirchhoff lamulo kwa dera magetsi povolyaet mosavuta kuchita zovuta mawerengedwe dera DC.