Malungo: siteji, zizindikiro, zimene zimayambitsa, chithandizo

Kodi liwiro? Gawo la chikhalidwe, zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro zafotokozedwa pansipa. Ifenso kukuuzani mmene tiyenera kuchitira matenda.

Kuona liwu zachipatala

njira Non-yeniyeni matenda yodziwika ndi kuwonjezeka afika thupi kutentha chifukwa mphamvu dongosolo kusintha thermoregulatory mchikakamizo cha pyrogens (ie, zinthu, kulimbikitsa malungo), wotchedwa malungo. Mu mankhwala, amaona kuti chikhalidwe zayamba ngati yankho kumatenda ndi dziphunzitsiranso kachilombo munthu kapena nyama. Tikumbukenso kuti malungo, njira zomwe zili m'munsimu, limodzi ndi chabe kuwonjezeka thupi kutentha, komanso zinthu zina zochitika khalidwe la matenda opatsirana.

Akamanena za matenda febrile

Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti matenda ambiri opatsirana ndi tizilombo ndi limodzi ndi kuwuka mu kutentha thupi la wodwalayo. Komanso, pamaso pa matenda onse, amene anapita wotchedwa malungo. Komabe, akatswiri amanena kuti kumvetsetsa ano sayansi chikhalidwe ichi si matenda. Koma ngakhale izi, ena maina mabungwe matenda akuti alipo (mwachitsanzo, hemorrhagic malungo Ebola malungo pappatachi, miyala Mountain mabanga malungo, etc.).

Chifukwa kutentha limatuluka pamene anthu kapena matenda ena? Malungo mzere pansi ndi kuti chipangizo thermoregulation mwamuna ndi apamwamba nyama homoiothermal pakachitika zinthu zenizeni otchedwa pyrogens. Chifukwa ndi kanthawi kuchepetsa setpoint homeostasis (kutentha) pa mlingo wokwererapo. Pa thermoregulation chomwecho njira ikutsatiridwa. Izi ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa hyperthermia malungo.

Zimayambitsa malungo

Chifukwa kutentha limatuluka munthu kapena nyama? Zoyambitsa chitukuko malungo, pali lalikulu zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, izi ndi ambiri:

1. Tizilombo, matenda ndi tizilombo mavairasi, tizilombo. zinyalala mankhwala awo ndi madera awo chigawo ndi pirogeno- mankhwala kuti zinthu pa malo thermoregulatory.
2. Non-opatsirana zimayambitsa. Ena mwa iwo ndi mapuloteni exogenous: katemera, serums, ululu njoka, kuikidwa magazi ndi zambiri. Kumaphatikizaponso mapuloteni yakeyake ndi chamoyo moyo anasintha katundu wake chifukwa cha amayaka, zoopsa, chotupa lysis, akutuluka magazi minofu.

Zina mwa syndrome febrile

Chifukwa malungo kumachitika? Matenda, n'zothandiza nyamuka kutentha thupi, zikhoza kugwirizana ndi matenda kutentha kutengerapo kuphwanya ntchito autonomic mu achinyamata, ana ndi amayi achichepere (ie thermoneurosis). Komanso malungo akhoza kutengera zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kumwa mankhwala ena. Akatswiri amanena kuti ena mankhwala zingakhudze pakati thermoregulation, kuchititsa nyamuka pang'ono thupi kutentha.
• An matenda anatengera thermoregulation. Mwachitsanzo, ana ena mwangwiro wathanzi amabadwa ndi kutentha 37,2-37,4 madigiri. Kwa iwo, chikhalidwe ichi yachibadwa.
• Low kalasi malungo amayambira chifukwa kutenthedwa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kukhala mu chipinda yatsekera ndi kutentha kwakukulu.
• maganizo ndi mavuto kawirikawiri kwambiri limodzi ndi mwai kupanga kutentha ndi kutsegula kwa ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha, amene kumathandiza kuti malungo.
• Kuwonjezeka mu timadzi progesterone mu akazi apakati komanso zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka pang'ono kutentha. Komabe, zizindikiro zina matenda tizilombo kapena matenda ali kwina kwathunthu. Chotero chikhalidwe akhoza kusungidwa mpaka mapeto a trimester. Komabe, ena mwa fairer kugonana malungo otsika kalasi limodzi ndi pafupifupi mimba lonse.

Kodi chitumbuwa?

Monga tanena matenda ndi tizilombo zambiri zimathandiza kuti kuwonjezeka kutentha kwa thupi. Izi zimachitika mchikakamizo cha pyrogens. Ndi awa zinthu kulowa thupi kuchokera kunja kapena kupanga mkati mwenimweni, kuchititsa malungo. Nthawi zambiri, pyrogens exogenous ndi mfundo za wothandizila opatsirana. Zamphamvu izi ndi thermostable capsular lipopolysaccharide mabakiteriya (galamu-zoipa). mankhwala amenewa zinthu zina. Iwo amathandiza kuti kusamuka kwa mfundo ogwiritsa pakati ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha thermoregulation. Ambiri a iwo leukocyte chiyambi, lomwe likukhudza zizindikiro zina zofunika. Gwero la pyrogens ndi chitetezo maselo ndi anthu, ndi granulocytes.

Malungo: siteji

Mu chitukuko cha malungo udzadutsa magawo atatu waukulu. The choyamba - limatuluka kutentha, wachiwiri anthu - izo umachitika nthawi zina, ndi wachitatu - pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa, kufika pachiyambi. Za momwe njira pathological, ndipo kodi zizindikiro ndi chibadidwe iwo, tidzakhala kufotokoza pansipa.

Kukwera kwa kutentha

Mbali yoyamba ya malungo kugwirizana ndi rearrangement wa thermoregulation, umene kupanga kutentha umayamba kwambiri upambana kutentha kutengerapo. Kuchepetsa yamasika chifukwa kuchepetsa otaya ofunda magazi minofu ndi kuchepetsa Mitsempha mu periphery lapansi. Chofunika kwambiri pamene ndondomeko umenewu cutaneous mtima kuphipha ndi kuchotsa thukuta mchikakamizo cha mantha dongosolo chisoni. zizindikiro gawo loyamba la malungo zotsatirazi: blanching wa khungu ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwake ndi kuchepetsa kutentha imfa chifukwa cha kutentha. Kuchepetsa mapangidwe thukuta chindiletsa kutentha kuthawa kudzera evaporation.

Chidule cha minofu minofu kumabweretsa chiwonetsero cha chodabwitsa cha "tokhala tsekwe" anthu ndi nyama vzeroshivanie ubweya. Kumverera zotengera malingaliridwe a tsembwe chifukwa kuchepa kutentha khungu, komanso mkwiyo wa thermoreceptors ozizira oyenerera pa integument lapansi. Kwa iwo chizindikiro amapita ku ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha, umene uli pakati integrative wa thermoregulation. Kenako anauza a kotekisi oziziritsa pankhaniyo makhalidwe a munthu ndi mitundu: Amayamba atakutidwa, kutenga kaimidwe koyenera, etc. The kuchepa kutentha khungu chifukwa kugwedeza anthu ndi minofu ... Ndi chifukwa cha kutsegula kwa akunjenjemera pakati, amene isanafalikire mu medulla ndi midbrain.

kugwira kutentha

Gawo lachiwiri la malungo amayamba akafika amaika mfundoyo. Iwo angayambe maola angapo kapena masiku, komanso kukhala nthawi yaitali. Choncho, kutentha kutengerapo ndi kutentha bwino wina ndi mnzake. kuwonjezeka mu thupi kutentha zimachokeradi.

ziwiya Dermal magazi mu mphindi siteji likukula. Komanso masamba pallor awo. Choncho chimakwirira kukhala yotentha kukhudza, ndi kuzizira ndipo ankanjenjemera kutha. Munthu panthawi imeneyi amamva kutentha. Mmenemonso, diurnal yofanana kutentha kupulumutsidwa, koma matalikidwe awo m'malo zikuchepa kuposa wabwinobwino.

Malinga mlingo wa adzauka malungo thupi kutentha mu gawo lachiwiri ndi lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mitundu:

• subfebrile kutentha - mpaka madigiri 38;
• pang'ono malungo - mpaka 38,5;
• febrile kapena zolimbitsa - mpaka madigiri 39;
• pireticheskaya kapena mkulu kutentha - mpaka 41;
• giperpireticheskaya kwambiri kapena - oposa 41 madigiri.

Tikumbukenso kuti giperpireticheskaya malungo ndi loopsa kwambiri kuti moyo wa munthu, makamaka kwa ana.

kutentha dontho

kuchepa thupi kutentha kungakhale mwadzidzidzi kapena pang'onopang'ono. Mbali imeneyi lidzayamba pambuyo pa malungo pamene m'matangadza pyrogens kapena kuchotsa maphunziro awo atamwa mankhwala kapena zinthu zachilengedwe. Pakuti dontho anapereka mfundo kutentha kufika kambiri. Zimenezi zimabweretsa vasodilatation wa khungu. Choncho kutentha owonjezera pang'ono ndi pang'ono anasonyeza. Anthu, pali profuse thukuta, kumatheka ndi thukuta ndi mkodzo linanena bungwe. Kutentha madyaidya ndikuledzera mu gawo lachitatu malungo kwambiri kuposa kupanga kutentha.

Mitundu ya malungo

Malinga ndi wodwala kusintha tsiku mu thupi kutentha, kutentha thupi lagawidwa mitundu ingapo:

• Permanent - ndi yaitali ndi azilandira kuwuka mu kutentha, diurnal kusinthasintha zomwe musalumphe 1 digiri.
• Remitting - amalembedwa diurnal kusintha akhale mu uthunthu madigiri 1.5-2. Pamene kutentha ukufika mfundo yachibadwa.
• Likukulira - kudwala amenewa amakhala ndi mofulumira ndi chidwi kuwuka mu kutentha. Chimakhala kwa maola angapo, ndiyeno m'malo ndi kugwa m'malo mofulumira kuchepetsa yachibadwa.
• Yotopetsa kapena lotopetsa - ndi mtundu wa yofanana diurnal akhoza kufika madigiri 3-5. Pa nthawi yomweyo zokwera ndi chikucheperachepera akubwerezedwa kangapo tsiku lonse.
• Anasokoneza - kuti kutentha thupi amakhala ndi kusintha kayendedwe circadian ndi apamwamba m'mawa.
• Cholakwika - thupi amakhala ndi chakuti kutentha masana popanda mosalekeza ena.
• Returnable - ndi mtundu wa nthawi ina malungo ndi nyengo mfundo yeniyeni imene kwa masiku angapo.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti kutentha - madigiri 35 - si abwino maonekedwe a malungo. Kulongosolerana zifukwa chikhalidwe ichi ayenera kukaonana ndi dokotala.

Zizindikiro Common malungo

Low kutentha (35 ° C) sayambitsa malungo, popeza amakhala ndi kuwuka kwa madigiri oposa 37. Nkhani zimene zimapezeka limati ngati pathological ndi:

• ludzu;
• redness a khungu;
• mofulumira kupuma;
• mafupa kupweteka, mutu, unmotivated mu maganizo abwino;
• kusafuna chakudya;
• kuzizira, akunjenjemera, katundu thukuta;
• kuona zilubwelubwe (kuona zilubwelubwe tremens) ndi chisokonezo, makamaka odwala okalamba;
• irritability ndi ana kulira.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi zina kuwuka kwa kutentha akhoza limodzi ndi puffiness ndi ululu malo, totupa ndi matuza mdima wofiira mtundu. Pankhaniyi, muyenera yomweyo kudziwitsa dokotala anu.

chithandizo

Kodi kuchotsa chikhalidwe monga malungo, siteji ya omwe ali pamwambawa? Kuyamba, dokotala ayenera kudziwa chifukwa cha kuwuka mu kutentha thupi, kenako perekani mankhwalawa koyenera. Ngati chofunika, adokotala akhoza kutumiza wodwalayo kwa kupenda. Ngati mukukayikira lalikulu kudwala katswiri limalangiza hospitalization mtima. Ndipo kuchotsa malungo mtima akulangizidwa bedi zina. Iwo ndikoletsedwa kuti azivala kwambiri ofunda.

Wodwala ayenera kumamwa kowirikiza madzi. Monga chakudya, iye ali kuwala ndi chakudya bwino zidyeke. Kuyeza thupi kutentha ayenera kukhala mawola 4-6. antipyretic angathe kumwedwa ngati n'koyenera. Koma izi zokha ngati wodwalayo ali mutu zoipa, ndipo adamsunga kutentha madigiri zoposa 38. Odwala akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito "Paracetamol" kusintha chikhalidwe. Tisanayambe mankhwalawa muyenera kuwerenga malangizo mosamala. Ngati nthendayo zimawonedwa mwana, ndiye ndikoletsedwa kupereka aspirin. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mankhwala zikhoza chitukuko cha matenda Reye a. Ndi manda kwambiri chikhalidwe, zikubweretsa chikomokere kapena ngakhale imfa. M'malo mwake, ana chothandizira amalangiza mankhwala zochokera paracetamol, "Efferalgan" "Panadol", "Kalpol" ndi "Tylenol."