Matabwa podstropilnye: mitundu, mtanda mbewu. Podstropilnaya munda

Maziko a kamangidwe mu chipangizo kuchita denga truss ndi podstropilnye nyengo. Kuchitira dongosolo la denga chophimba - matabwa ndi truss ndi zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso. Matabwa ndi podstropilnye kuthandiza zinthu denga. Iwo ntchito zida ❖ kuyanika limodzi nkhani nyumba Mipikisano chikhato mafakitale nyumba pa chipangizo chapamwamba mbewu.

Mitundu Podstropilnyh wa matabwa ndi zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso

Kudalirika kwa dongosolo lonse denga ndi mtima wonse modalira mphamvu ndi chidziletso chonyamulira ndi podstropilnoy dongosolo truss. Ndi lalikulu zosiyanasiyana za katundu kunja.

Matabwa podstropilnye - ndi mankhwala a mchitidwe mmodzi amene akulandira katundu kunja, kutumiza lonse m'litali. Pankhaniyi, nkhawa kwambiri zidzachitika pa malekezero a mtengo wa. Agwiritsidwa ku chigwa machitidwe denga denga.

Podstropilnaya Farm - zovuta gulu dongosolo, amene anasonkhana ku ndodo munthu sankalimbana nafe olumikizidwa kwa wina ndi mzake. Akatundu kudzachitika pokhapo pa nodal kugwirizana ndodo. machenjerero oterewa ntchito mu kachitidwe denga ndi zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso.

Malinga zotsimikizira nkhani podstropilnye dongosolo akhoza kugawidwa:

• Analimbitsa simenti.
• Zitsulo.
• Wood.
• Analimbitsa matabwa dongosolo.

Konkire ndi zitsulo matabwa ndi zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso amapezeka kawirikawiri ntchito yomanga nyumba za mafakitale ndi zomangamanga. Matabwa ndipo analimbitsa zolimba zinthu nkhuni ntchito yaikulu chipangizo si kupanga madenga, komanso kumanga madenga mu nyumba zogona.

Mu mafakitale nyumba zomangamanga podstropilnymi toyalana 12 mapazi, 18-phazi, 24-phazi ndi 30-mita chimakwirira pakati pa zipilala. Mu sitepe zisanu mita podstropilnye Truss zinthu mtanda ndi kutumikira kwa munda wapakatikati kuchirikiza zinthu zawo.

Ndi mawonekedwe a chigawo mtanda wa mtengo ndi lagawidwa:

• Anayi.
• Tees.
• I-mtengo.
• Bokosi milimo.

Kumanga munthu yomanga nyumba, adzasauka denga dongosolo thandizo, osati kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ambiri iwo ntchito mu malo chipangizo chapamwamba.

Analimbitsa simenti matabwa podstropilnye

mankhwala Konkire ntchito denga chipangizo ndi otsetsereka pang'ono, komanso madenga anamanga. Iwo amapangidwa m'mafakitale simenti pomwe yomweyo ntchito prestressing zitsulo zolimba milimo. Mafomu zovekera ntchito:

• Ndodozo analimbitsa ndi mbiri nthawi.
• Waya mitolo ya kwambiri cholimba waya.
• Zopotoka waya chingwe.
• Chingwe zovekera.

Mawonekedwe a matabwa ndi wolemekezeka podstropilnye ndi mabacteria kufanana ndi sanali kufanana. mawerengedwe awo anapangidwa pamaziko a katundu lomwe lili ndi mtengo truss, zochokera pakati dontho podstropilnogo amafotokozera ndi katundu wa kulemera kwa mtanda wokha, anagawira mulitali. Zamgululi zopangidwa ndi strapping mabowo anafuna ogwiritsa ndi zitsulo, nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ogwiritsa totsegulira.

Mu tithe pakati pa nyumba ya zothandiza denga matabwa ndi zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso, ngati m'lifupi sitepe mamita 6, ndipo m'lifupi unsembe sing'anga mizati - mamita 12. Khazikitsa matabwa podstropilnyh opangidwa ndi zipilala, iwo mulibe kuwotcherera mbali ophatikizidwa. Pakati pa chithabwa podstropilnyh ndi malekezero awo anatchula wapadera dera kumangidwa kubweza ndi akapichi nangula wa unsembe wa nyumba denga.

Mbali I-mphako kapena T-mtanda ndi mwendo pansi ndi mawonekedwe trapezoid. Alumali pansi kumatheka m'madera amaganiza unsembe wa matabwa denga.

Podstropilnye pamodzi kutalika kwa mtengo uli waukulu pali 12 mapazi, nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa 18-mita kapena 24-mita mankhwala. Chapakati kutalika ndi 1.5 mamita, mu mizati munda - mamita 0,6. Kachigawo flange m'munsi - mamita 0,7. Iwo ayenera ena awiri poponya miyeso ya mtengo wa. GOST 19425-74.

Podstropilnaya analimbitsa truss konkire

Konkire podstropilnye truss ntchito anamanga madenga chipangizo. Ndi mawonekedwe a trapezoid, pamene malamba awiri: pansi - ndi chapamwamba yopingasa mtundu - mumbali yomanga. Pa nthawi, wochenjeza ambiri bezraskosye precast munda konkire.

Kukapempha ndi zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso denga thandizo mbali podstropilnyh zinthu ndi kuzikonzanso. Kukhazikitsa chivundikiro mbale yake mu pachithandara zogwiriziza. Poyimitsa ndi kutsikira lamba podstropilnoy munda anapanga ndi chisanadze nkhawa. Ntchito yopanga konkire zopangidwa 300-500.

Monga mwiniwake wa girder ndi anapereka zinthu zitsulo anapatsa minda podstropilnyh kwa akukonzekera makoma ndi zogwiriziza.

Zitsulo matabwa podstropilnye

Zitsulo machitidwe ndi kutalika mamita 12, mamita 18, mamita 24, mamita 48 angathe kukhala nthawi yaitali. Amapanga Iwo amafanana kudenga anthu ntchito. Amakhala mabacteria awiri: chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi. Upper apuma pa tebulo ogwiritsa pa ndime ndipo anakakonza thereto ndi akapichi. Lamba m'munsi mtengo amamangiriridwa ndime kudzera mipiringidzo yopingasa.

Podstropilnaya truss zitsulo

Anapanga zikufanana ndi malamba chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi. Utali yovomerezeka ndi mamita 12, mamita 18, mamita 24. Malinga mtundu wa denga truss, kutalika podstropilnoy kapangidwe kungakhale mamita 3,13, meters 3,27 ndi mamita 3,75.

Kuika kwa mizati ya ikuchitika ntchito zipilala nadopornyh, limene denga zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso.

Panopa m'mafakitale ntchito opepuka yomanga zitsulo zitsulo truss kupanga yofanana. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo tubular kapena girder ndi makoma woonda. Ndi mamangidwe, famu opangidwa ndi opepuka, yafupika kumwa azitsulo kupanga awo, mawu a unsembe wawo yafupika.

Matabwa dongosolo podstropilnye

Nyumba ndi mtengo kuti athandizire iwo dongosolo truss, ndi lalikulu mphamvu zokwanira ndi kukana zinthu zambiri zikuwononga. Iwo cholimba pamene ntchito zomera ndi modes yachibadwa za kutentha ndi chinyezi. Mu zomangamanga, iwo ntchito mu nyumba kumene kuli akumane kwa chilengedwe wa zitsulo ndi konkire.

Malinga ndi zaphindu malingaliro podstropilnye kusiyanitsa zinthu mwa mawonekedwe a:

• Matabwa.
• Minda.
• Arches.
• Ram.

Ngati chikhato kutalika kwa nyumba kwa mamita 18, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito podstropilnaya matabwa milimo. Mu nyumba kumene utali lalikulu zokwanira - mpaka mamita 30, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito podstropilnyh minda matabwa. Arches ndi mafelemu matabwa ngati zinthu podstropilnyh si kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Matabwa mtengo podstropilnaya

Mu zomangamanga kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito matabwa, glued pamodzi ku matabwa. machenjerero oterewa ndi wamphamvu kwambiri komanso cholimba kuposa mankhwala olimba, kupanga zosiyanasiyana podstropilnyh mitanda. Nkhani ya structural matabwa laminated ankagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo kachitidwe denga. Lonse lozungulira matabwa chingathe kupirira nkhawa kwambiri, koma zambiri wolephera laminated maonekedwe matabwa mu kupinda.

Mfundo splicing podstropilnoy matabwa matabwa Tingaone mu chithunzi m'munsimu.

The mtanda chigawo cha mtengo ndi amakona anayi kapena I-mtengo. Chapamwamba ndipo malamba m'munsi podstropilnoy matabwa kungakhale kufanana kapena matabwa pamwamba lamba ndi apansi yopingasa kapena wosweka lamba. Ngati chikhato kutalika mamita 15 Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito I-matabwa ndi mpanda wa matabwa kapena plywood ndi lofanana mbali kuumitsa nthiti.

Matabwa podstropilnaya munda

Zipangizo waukulu kupanga zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso matabwa ndi zitsulo podstropilnyh, matabwa kapena zipika. Akhomere zinthu ndi kudzera hardware zitsulo, mbale. Panali ambiri glued matabwa podstropilnye munda. Malamba zopangidwa m'lifupi mosalekeza. Njira imeneyi kupanga, malekezero a kulumikiza zinthu yamazinga anagwira spikes imodzi ofanana mphako grooves. Zomatira umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhope yonse ya olowa, mbamuikha mumve zambiri yomanga.

Analimbitsa zinthu matabwa mtengo ndi podstropilnye munda

Podstropilnye anatsindika zinthu matabwa ncholinga amveke awo. Monga zitsulo zolimba ntchito kapena fiberglass. Fastens mbali ikuthandizira mkati nkhuni ntchito epoxy zomatira. Nthawi zina ntchito prestressing zolimba.

unsembe

Khazikitsa podstropilnyh matabwa ndi zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso imagwiridwa motere. Podstropilnye analimbitsa mtengo zinthu simenti ndi munda mothandizidwa ndi mbali ophatikizidwa zitsulo ndi welded mwachindunji makoma mapeto a mizati. N'zotheka phiri iwo pa akapichi lapansi. Analimbitsa simenti kapena zitsulo kutonthoza matebulo pa podstropilnyh mankhwala ntchito monga kubala kali chifukwa chodziwika ndi nyumba denga.

Zitsulo zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso amagwira mbali ya chitsulo mizati nadkolonniku poyambira pansi. kutalika kwake ndi 0,7 m. mzake munda malamba chapamwamba ananamizira. Zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso kupumula pa matebulo podstropilnyh minda ndi Ufumuyo makoma a patella lapansi.

Matabwa mtengo podstropilnye chipangizo madenga ndi izi (onani. Chithunzi The).

Khazikitsa ndi matabwa kuti matabwa denga

Pamene pali awiri katundu zobala mkati makoma, dongosolo truss yakwera zinthu podstropilnye mu nyumbayi. Pankhaniyi, iwo amadalira sill, kupyolera poyimitsa wa matabwa, komanso Mkati mwake. Childs, izi ndi awiri podstropilnye mtengo nyumba anaikidwa pamodzi denga. Zona chimake ngati kutalika kwa slab padenga lokwera ndi mamita 1.4 mpaka 2.5 mamita. Pankhaniyi, pansi pa denga, danga mokwanira free, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chinachake,.

Podstropilnaya mtengo, kapena kumangika, akhoza wokwera mwachindunji pa kudenga m'dera la mmodzi mwa atatu kutalika kwa denga kuti lokwera lapansi. Izi zimathandiza inu kuonjezera buku la danga mkati pansi pa denga. Mtanda, podstropilnaya dongosolo ndi denga pano ndi mbali ya mpanda kunja ndi chophimba.

Mtanda ndi podstropilnye matabwa Tingaone mu chithunzi nkhaniyi.

Choyamba, pa matabwa kwambiri podstropilnye mauerlat zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo pa makoma onse a nyumba. Mu mwiniwake wa nyumba matabwa ntchito m'malo mauerlat chapamwamba korona nyama. Matabwa ayenera kukhala mosamalitsa kufanana ndi mzake, mungawerenge ichi ndi kuyeza mtunda pakati pa malekezero diagonally. Matabwa kugona ndi protrusion mamita osachepera 0,5 m'nyumba wozungulira m'mphepete. Ngati kutalika kwa bolodi ndi zosakwana kuti chofunika kwa mtanda, ndi splice wapangidwa matabwa podstropilnyh.

Ndiye mavuto zingwe zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo pakati pa matabwa pa malekezero onse ndi ugwirizane ndi mlingo. Pa mtunda wa mita imodzi kuchokera kuika zotsatirazi podstropilnaya mtengo. Komanso lagona pa mbali ina ya bolodi. Onetsetsani kuti iwo horizontally. Choncho zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo otsala mtengo podstropilnye utali wonse wa pakhoma.

Agwirizane matabwa protrusions kupitirira makoma, metered 0.5 mita pa chilichonse malekezero a mtengo wa, chingwe lidakali. Pa mtengo chapakati anapanga chizindikiro pa chingwe, anaona kuchokera kumalekezero owonjezera. Komanso kuti podstropilnuyu dongosolo anaika zimakhudza kudenga.

Alendo adzakhala podstropilnym nyumba

Kupanga machenjerero ferro-konkire ntchito podstropilnyh GOST 20372-2015, analowa mphamvu pa 1 January 2017. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, ntchito yopanga katundu kapena opepuka structural konkire. Zitsulo podstropilnye munda anapanga malinga ndi GOST 27579-88. Izo kumatanthauza ndi laminated awiri poponya miyeso ya mtengo wa. GOST 19425-74.