Miyeso ya matabwa a. Kulemera ndi kulemba matabwa

Pali mitundu yambiri ya milimo. Iwo agawidwa mogwirizana ndi cholinga: maziko, chifukwa mbewu, kubala; zakuthupi: zitsulo, matabwa, konkire. Nthawi zambiri, nkhani zonse zinaperekedwa ndi zoti amafotokozera, koma n'zomveka yekha kwa akatswiri. Kuti tipeze zobisika kuseri kwa achidule maina, ukudziwa bwanji miyeso ya matabwa kudziwa kulemera, muyenera kuona, ganizirani magulu akuluakulu a mankhwala yomanga.

lingaliro ambiri

Mtengo - yopingasa thandizo mchitidwe dongosolo structural ndi kwa wina mfundo zingapo thandizo. Iwo imachititsa munthu (kugawanika), ndipo ndege angapo (uncut). Nkhani ya mtengo wa lagawidwa:

• Zachitsulo (zitsulo).
• Wood.
• Analimbitsa simenti.

Iwo ntchito pomanga monga nyumba katundu mwankhanza, ntchito mu kupinda, ndi makina (mwachitsanzo, ngati mbali ya Kireni pamwamba).

matabwa zitsulo

Gulu lalikulu kwambiri. Gawo, lomwe mukhoza kupeza chithunzithunzi cha matabwa ndi zitsulo:

1. Ntchito chiwembu:

1.1. Single-chikhato (kugawanika).

1.2. Multispan (uncut).

1.3. Cantilever (kumathandiza mu mawonekedwe a entrapment).

Osema miyala ndi yabwino kwambiri kupanga ndi msonkhano poyerekeza Mipikisano siimakupiza. Wopitiriza matabwa kuti m'pofunika kukhazikitsa pa atithandize, pamene palibe chiopsezo subsidence m'goli.

2. Mu gawo view :

2.1. Anagubuduza (odnotavrovye, I-mtengo, mtanda kudula).

2.2. Zigawo: welded, chamangiriridwa, riveted.

Ambiri mwa ntchito I-matabwa amaonedwa - ndi wosavuta amapanga ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana ntchito. Ndiponso, awo ndi kuganizira.

Magawo I-mtengo

Zitsulo mankhwala amadziŵika ndi kudalilika wawo ndi mkulu luso ntchito. I-matabwa - yotero. Iwo ali gulu la mankhwala yaitali, kupanga ikuchitika malinga specifications lapansi. Nayenso specifications ndi zochokera zofunika kuti anakumana ndi mtengo GOST 535-2005 "adagulung'undisa bala katundu ndi gawo structural mpweya zitsulo za khalidwe wamba" amalamulira iwo.

Ndi mtundu wa mbiri mtengo kungakhale:

1) kufanana poyimitsa:

1.1) Normal (b).

1.2) ndi alumali lonse (W).

1.3) ya ndime ya (K).

Mu dzina la view mankhwala mbiri nthawizonse encrypted. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo 20b1 adzatenge mbali zoterozo: kutalika 20 cm, D - yachibadwa, alumali m'lifupi - 100 mm (10 cm).

2) kukondera mkati loyang'anizana:

2.1) Normal - 6-12% masinthidwe amtundu.

2.2) Specific: M - yopachikapo njanji ya cranes ndi zipangizo zina (≤12%).

2.3) - kwa zolimba za migodi wanga (≤16%)

Mtengo awiri poponya: Makulidwe ndi kulemera

mfundo izi modalirana, komanso mtundu wa zitsulo, ntchito kupanga. Kuthandauza kwa iwo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo osakira. Pati?

Pali assortments zochokera GOST 8239-89, 19425-74, 26020-83. Ndi mtundu wa mbiri, kusankha tebulo yoyenera, kupeza izo miyeso kofunika matabwa, pakuti onsewa umene wambiri mankhwala pa mita 1. Khalidwe limeneli imatengedwa kuti ndi Buku, ntchito mawerengedwe, koma zoona amasiyana pang'ono leni (ngati kupanga ikuchitika monga Lachiwiri).

Mwachitsanzo: mtengo 20b1. Assortment zamitundu: kutalika - 200 mm Mulifupi - 100 mm, khoma makulidwe - 5.6 mm, maalumali kukula - 8.5 mm, ndi utali wozungulira kupindika m'mphepete lamkati - 12 mm.

Mtengo awiri poponya, pamene kukula ndi kulemera kuperekedwa ku gome, ndi miyeso yolinganizira kwa mtundu uwu. Pogula mankhwala ndi Mlengi ayenera kupereka mauthenga pa magawo enieni a miyambo ya kasitomala.

matabwa matabwa

The zambiri ntchito yomanga nyumba monga zinthu toyalana mbewu, mbewu, kudenga liza wosanjikiza monga mbali ya truss, ndi kudenga kwa madenga chipangizo. Amafotokozera ndi matabwa a gawo amakona anayi ndi magawo kusintha - za 140-250 mm m'lifupi - 50-160 mm. Utali akhoza zimasiyana mamita 2 ndi 5 (kupatulapo kuchitira phindu).

Malinga ndi matabwa zikuchokera akhoza kukhala mwina olimba kapena glued (multilayer). Kupanga ntchito conifers, chifukwa chakuti elasticity wabwino ndi ntchito kupinda, chimene chiri chofunika onyamulira zinthu yopingasa.

Matabwa matabwa miyeso zimadalira katundu kulowererana m'tsogolo, mtundu wa kudzaza buku wa chigawo (heaters, Nakata), kukula kwa chikhato cha. magawo awa onse malamulo ndi GOST 4981-87 "matabwa apansi matabwa."

mbali Special

Pamaso kutsatira zinthu zamatabwa mosamala mankhwala formulations antiseptic kuti kuteteza inali kuwola tizilombo ndiponso kuwonongeka rodent, ndi kumawonjezera moto kulimbikira matabwa.

zinthu kulowererana wokwera chisa mwapadera anakonza pamene kutumikiridwa zomangamanga mwina notching khoma kumtunda kwa korona dongosolo zosiyanasiyana matabwa. Unsembe amapangidwa kwambiri kwa mtengo kwambiri. The terminus Buku kukhala wamfupi kusiyana masentimita 15.

• Pamene atagona lakunja matabwa khoma malekezero ufulu tadulidwa pansi ndi 60 ^{0 anachitira} ndi antiseptics ndi kuteteza denga anamva kapena denga anamvera.
• Pamene kutsiriziratu mitanda zomangamanga, mapeto a matabwa ayenera zouma ndi ndondomeko phula, pofuna kuti lawola.
• Lembani okhudza malo kagawo kakang'ono khoma ayenera kukhala muzitentha. Mukhoza kukonza bokosi matabwa.
• onetsetsani kuti ndi mpweya ritsa m'makoma wandiweyani pa umene udzachotsa chinyezi kuchokera kumapeto ufulu.
• Mpanda woonda (njerwa awiri) danga niches abomawo kudzaza ndi matope simenti.
• Pa makoma lamkati la mtengo aikidwa pa mwake wosanjikiza.

Mtengo akhoza m'malo ndi mtengo, ndi awiri a Chofanana kutalika kwa amakona anayi mtanda chigawo amafotokozera. Ndi ndalama mawu kugula zinthu, koma M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti fixation ayenera kuchitika mwapadera ndi thandizo la anangula anapatsa khoma.

analimbitsa mtengo konkire

Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga zikuluzikulu za nyumba zogona ndi anthu.

M'kagulu matabwa pa magawo angapo, tinganene kuti kugawanika yaikulu pa cholinga ndi mtundu wa gawo mtanda pa nthawi:

• Foundation. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito yomanga zapansi maofesi mafakitale ndi nyumba m'madera a ntchito yapamwamba zivomerezi. Mwina ndi T-zooneka mbiri mu gawo mtanda kapena trapezoid.
• Wapawiri truss kapena Taphunzira-kachitidwe denga ndi anatseka wolemera zipangizo mu mafakitale ndi ulimi maofesi. Ndi zolosera kuti kukonza njanji ya.
• matabwa amakona anayi ndi masanjidwe osiyana (odnotavry, I-matabwa, L- ndi T-zooneka Mbiri) ntchito alipo utali pamakoma, pansi mpaka mamita 18.

Miyeso ya matabwa chimadalira pa cholinga chawo ndi kukhala magawo osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba truss ndi kutalika kwa 24 m, ndi zinthu wamba pansi akhoza kudalira Ndime ya 18 m. The magawo ena anatsimikiza payekha aliyense mankhwala.

Makulidwe joists angapezeke mu State Standard kapena akalozera ku opanga yeniyeni, monga iwo zingasiyane. GOST 20372-90 "matabwa ndi truss analimbitsa podstropilnye" amasonyeza zofunikira kwa mankhwala, zipangizo ndi zolimba dongosolo, tsiku lino, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono kupanga Lachiwiri.

mawerengedwe zoyambirira

zomangamanga onse m'nthawi ya Soviet Union anali ogaŵikana angapo. Pali yovomerezeka Catalogs konkire, chimene limatchula mitundu ndi makulidwe a midadada, matabwa, slabs, kupanga mafakitale ku zigawo zosiyana. The nkhani tabular anapereka kutalika kwa mbali zonse za mphepo, masamu kulemera. Mabukuwa amakhala mpaka angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati lina kamangidwe ka nyumba, koma akatswiri a zifunika kuyerekeza deta pamaso konkire mankhwala amenewa mu ogulitsa lero.

Pali mfundo zingapo, zimene kubera matabwa a analimbitsa simenti. Makulidwe ayenera kukumana mfundo zotsatirazi:

1. Kutalika ndi osachepera 5% ya kutalika kwa chikhato overlapped.
2. M'lifupi mtengo wa anatsimikiza chiŵerengero 5: 7 (m'lifupi ndi msinkhu).
3. mankhwala zolimba opangidwa ndi chiwembu 2 munsimu ndi pamwamba ndodo (sag kukana). Kutenga ndodo nyama zitsulo ndi awiri a 12-14 mm.

Choncho n'zotheka kudziwa miyeso mtengo wofunikila enaake.