Maula Smolinka: kalasi kufotokoza, zithunzi ndi ndemanga

Maula - chikhalidwe anthu ambiri wamaluwa zonse. Zogulitsa zambiri mitundu kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, komanso nyengo siili bwino. Mbande bwino ndinazolowera zikhalidwe malo kulekerera Thirani ndi kupereka zokolola kwambiri. Mmodzi wa mitundu ambiri ndi kukhetsa Smolinka. The zosiyanasiyana limakula bwino mu dela la mzinda ndi m'gawo la chigawo chapakati cha Russia.

Maula Smolinka: kufotokoza

Maula mtengo losiyana wolimba, akula 5-5,5 mamita mu msinkhu. Amatupitsa chowulungika mawonekedwe, ndi makulidwe pafupifupi kapena woonda. Makungwa bulauni, akhakula. Akuwombera pang'ono yokhota kumapeto.

Pepala ali anamaliza mphero-mawonekedwe, ndi miyeso ya 9,5 ndi masentimita 6.5, pubescence palibe. Avereji zazubernnost. Petiole enaake achikasu.

Maluwa ndi woyera, popanda fluting. Sepals ovate. Photo maula Smolinka anaika nkhaniyi.

Zipatso za maula mtengo moyenera, masekeli 35 T. Unprimed, ndi bwino anayamba msoko m'mimba. Peel pafupifupi makulidwe. M'mimbamo a chikasu wonyezimira mtundu. Bone ali separability pafupifupi. Kulawa zipatso za wowawasa-lokoma, osangalatsa.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu

Kufotokozera za maula mitundu Smolinka akuitana Unyinji wa ubwino. Pakati pawo:

• mkulu zokolola - mpaka makilogalamu 20 pa mtengo;
• oyambirira yakucha;
• kukoma kwambiri wa nthuza ndi zamkati wokoma;
• mwamsanga chisanu recoverability;
• matenda kukana;
• zipatso mwangwiro transportable.

Kulongosoledwa ndi chithunzi mitundu maula Smolinka kusonyeza ulemu.

pafupifupi opanda akhoza otchulidwa hardiness. Komabe, ayambe kwambiri pambuyo yozizira mu sitandade ichi sichichitika kutali. The kuipa Komanso ankaona mitengo wamtali samobesplodnost ndi nthambi Chimaona tizivutika katundu wa zipatso. Kuthetseratu vuto yamasika, kuika eni.

Kusankha mbewu

Posankha mbewu ayenera kulabadira dongosolo mizu. Zimakhala lotseguka kapena lotseka. Ndipo onse ndi ubwino ndi kuipa. Tsegulani dongosolo muzu n'zosavuta kuti kuganiziridwa kuti potaya boma. Koma muyenera kudzala mtengo mu chimango yeniyeni nthawi - kaya m'chaka pamaso nyengo kukula kapena mochedwa September. M'dzinja mmera dropwise, ndi zonse masika amasankhidwa kuziyika izo.

Mbande ndi dongosolo chatsekedwa mizu, amagulitsidwa mizu pansi. Chifukwa cha ichi, iwo akhoza anabzala pa nthawi iliyonse. Koma mu nkhani iyi palibe njira zowunikira boma la mizu.

Muyenera alemba pa mmera pang'ono, pamene pasakhale m'nyanja zikuluzikulu akulankhula za dryness. Healthy mmera ali kusinthasintha chokwanira.

Ngati anagula mmera masamba ndi chatsekedwa kumbuyo, tiyenera kuona kwa matenda aliwonse ndi majeremusi. Iwo amaoneka ngati cobwebs, Madontho, zowola. Mosamala muyenera kuyang'ana underside wa masamba.

Anagulitsa mbande a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, koma wamaluwa zambiri amakonda zaka zoyambirira, chifukwa mwamsanga mizu ndi kukhazikika pansi pa malo atsopano.

ankafika

Pamaso ankafika pa maula ndi zofunika kukonzeketsera nthaka. Nthawi yabwino ntchito imeneyo - m'dzinja. chodzala mbande opangidwa m'chaka. Ngati anabzala mu kugwa, palibe chitsimikizo kuti mmera adzakhala kuzolowera.

Nkofunika kusankha malo abwino okhalapo. Kukhetsa madzi wachikondi, wakonda loamy ndi dziko mchenga. Iye woyenera thanzi lotayirira nthaka wolemera mu organic ndi kukhala mlingo wochepa wa acidity. Kungachepetse acidity ndi liming.

Bwinobwino kuuluka laimu za zaka zisanu. Izi zachitika mu kugwa, pamodzi ndi kukumba m'nthaka. Fetereza ndi laimu umayamba, ndiye nthaka anakumba. Kuonjezera zokolola, laimu dothi pachaka chakudya chochepa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuchepetsa ndi madzi ufa laimu ndi humus kuika molunjika mu dzenje kubzala.

Kwa dzenje lililonse mmera anakonza 70 cm ndi 90 cm mulifupu. Angalekanitse zachiphamaso ndiponso pansi pa zomenyanazo. Mitengo anabzala, kuwongola mizu. Monga backfill topsoil anawonjezera peat, humus ndi phulusa. osakaniza limeneli lili mmera tamped. Komanso anaika 5 cm wosanjikiza wa peat kuphimbira. Pamene chodzala muzu kolala mbande poyerekezera ndi msinkhu pansi. Pambuyo kupondereza zidzakhala pang'ono apamwamba.

Maula sangakhoze kuima osalimba. Mbande obzalidwa pa imeneyi ya mamita 4 padera.

zinthu zazikulu za chisamaliro

kuisamalira mitengo maula adzaphatikizapo:

1. Zonse kudulira.
2. Kudyetsa.
3. Glaze.
4. tithe kumvetsa kumasulira nthaka.
5. Kuchotsa namsongole.
6. Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.

Mutabzala annuals maula undercut. Kondakitala yaikulu ndi adzafupikitsidwa kuti masentimita 80. Komanso nakonza mphukira mbali. Nthambi otsala tadulidwa kuti 20 cm. Mu zaka ziwiri kukhetsa tsinde, musati kudula, mphukira mbali ali adzafupikitsidwa ndi 1/3.

Ngati nthuza ndi anakwiriridwa mu nthaka yachonde kwa zaka zingapo, sangathe kudyetsa. dziko zikusowa amafuna feteleza. Maula amakonda organic anayambitsa ndi kasupe ndi kugwa.

Kutsirira ndi zimakhudza mwachindunji pa zokolola. Amphamvu kufunika mu Tikafika chinyezi mukuvutika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo kukula, ndi pa maluwa ndi zipatso yakucha.

chisamaliro chilimwe

M'chaka m'pofunika kudyetsa kuda chachiwiri, zichitike siteji fruiting. Ndi kupanga chilichonse nitrophosphate mtengo, ndi njira urea.

Pambuyo fruiting kudyetsedwa sulphate kachiwiri potaziyamu ndi superphosphate.

Lamulo ulamuliro udzu. The mtengo makungwa nthaka anamasuka kuti akuya osaya, asakhudze mizu.

Tithe kumvetsa kumasulira limodzi ndi kumayambiriro peat, kompositi ndi humus. Inu mukhoza kuwonjezera nkhani organic.

M'chilimwe oyambirira zokolola kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale kuonjezera phindu nthambi zina. Nkofunika kutsatira korona kulola dzuwa. M'chilimwe mukhoza chepetsa nthambi kukula, koma mbewu yaikulu m'chaka kupanga, chifukwa rejuvenation.

Kenako, malongosoledwe adzapitiriza kuganizira Smolinka maula mitundu. mitengo chithunzi limakupatsani kuona bwino-anakonzekeretsa, komanso nakonza zomera.

chisamaliro m'dzinja

Pambuyo yokolola, maula kachiwiri anadyetsa njira feteleza mu malo ozungulira-thunthu bwalo. Komanso pansi pa mtengo kulenga wosanjikiza kuteteza masamba lapnika ndi peat, kuchepetsa mavuto a frosts aukali yozizira.

Makungwa ayenera angayeretsere ndi pafupi zikopa pepala kapena phukusi kupanga. Njereza mitengo ikuluikulu vodoemulsionkoy kapena laimu.

Kuonjezera hardiness polojekiti madzi ndi nthaka yachonde.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Mwa matenda maula zimachitika:

1. Klyasterosporioz - mafangasi matenda, anaonetsa tizibowo masamba.
2. Moniliosis - matenda ena a mafangasi.
3. GUMMOSIS - zosayembekezereka wa lakuya utomoni.
4. Dzimbiri - mawanga pa masamba, zikubweretsa ikutha awo.
5. Zipatso zowola - matenda a mafangasi, amene wawononga chipatso.

Maula Smolinka poyera ndi matenda ena. Pakuti Njirazi matenda ntchito chisamaliro mtengo zofunika.

Wa tizirombo zoopsa nthuza:

• njenjete;
• nsabwe;
• sawfly.

Kudya codling mbewu pachimake kapena zamkati zipatso. mbozi wina ingawononge zipatso zina. Limba njenjete ndi kudzera kupopera kukonzekera mwapadera. Chithandizo ikuchitika pambuyo maluwa ndi masabata ndiye pambuyo awiri.

Nsabwe za kuwonongeka masamba, asokoneza nthambi achinyamata. Menyani zovuta, chifukwa tizilombo ndi moganizira kunsi kwa masamba. Njira kuthetsa tiziromboti kutenga nthawi Mphukira.

Sawfly limapezeka masiku 5 pamaso maluwa ndi kutchera mazira mu masamba a. Mphutsi kuwononga zipatso za kukula. Pofuna sprayed ndi mankhwala pamaso maluwa nyengo.

miyeso yaikulu matenda ndi tizilombo:

• Mitengo ayenera anabzala pa mtunda wautali ndi mzake;
• n'kofunika kusankha dzuwa, bwino podutsa mpweya malo, popanda pansi pafupi;
• Si oyenera zomera maula mu gawo limodzi ndi msondodzi;
• nthawi kudulira, kupewa thickening korona, pambuyo kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale mabala amachiritsidwa;
• yake kuyatsa nthambi odulidwa ndi masamba akugwa, makamaka odwala;
• chithandizo cha zilonda za mitengo;
• chithandizo zonse fungicides;
• disinfection zipangizo zonse munda;
• moto m'dzinja tsamba kugwa;
• kukumba makungwa a mitengo pamaso nyengo yozizira;
• mitengo processing Bordeaux madzi kapena njira ya sulphate mkuwa.

mungu

Kalasi maula Smolinka ndi samobesplodnym. The mungu yabwino ndiwo:

• opal;
• m'banda;
• Blue mphatso;
• Volzhskaya kukongola;
• Dzira buluu.

Pofuna kubereketsa zomera, pa malo, pamodzi ndi mitengo maula Smolinkoy zomera mungu mitundu ina. Mosinthanasinthana pakati pa mitengo maula sayenera upambana mamita 10. Kubereketsa zomera ndi kulanda mungu pa manyazi a pistil a. Izi zachitika ndi njuchi kapena tizilombo tina, komanso mphepo. Buku kubereketsa zomera zingathe kuchitika zikafika poipa.

Popeza kuda Smolinka si amatha kudziletsa kubereketsa zomera, chitseko chake kenako ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti akhoza ukala paokha.

Ndi kuda woyenera chisamaliro zingasangalatse mwiniwake pyakusowa kwa zaka zingapo.