Mir Castle mu Belarus - mwiniwake wa mbiri mu mwala

Mir Castle ili m'mudzi m'tauni ya Mir. Inkakhala ku dera Grodno. Wapadera mapulani chipilala ndi mpanda. Pamaso 1568 eni anali Ilyinich, ndiye - mpaka 1828 - Radziwill. Pambuyo pawo, eni okhala Wittgenstein mpaka 1891, eni lotsiriza la Nyumbayi zovuta anali Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Patatha izi, ndi Mir Castle, chithunzi cha amene ali pansipa, unasamutsidwa kunena umwini.

mwachidule

Mapulani zovuta kuti anali mmodzi wa yaikulu komanso wodziwika bwino zinthu zonse kupulumuka zitsanzo za original Gothic Republic of Belarus. Mirsky potseka kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe lalikulu ndi mbali ya pafupifupi 75 mamita m'litali ndi anakonza pa ngodya ya nsanja. kutalika awo - mamita 25-27. Mu masiteji koyamba zomangamanga, umene unatha pafupi 4 zaka, linamangidwa nsanja anayi chikugwirizana ndi khoma. Mir Castle ali ndi mawonekedwe pachiyambi. Nsanja anapangidwa mawonekedwe a prism octagonal, wokwera, nayenso pa tetrahedral lapansi. Wall kutalika ndi osiyana - kuchokera mamita 10 mpaka 12. Kumadzulo (panjira kuti Vilna) anakhazikitsa nsanja ili pakati. Pa nthawi ina anali pakhomo yekha kubwalo la m'linga, ndende anali mu chipinda chake. Chapel ili pa yosanja la nsanjayo. Ndi pano pansi pa grille zitsulo, amene anateteza matabwa pakhomo chipata.

Dongosolo la zochitika

Mapulani zovuta anali nawo pafupifupi zochitika zonse asilikali kamodzi uguza kamvuluvulu wamoto pa dziko Chibelarusi. Dongosolo akuyamba ndi nkhondo ya Chirasha Polish (1654-1667 gg.), Ndipo umatha ndi Chirasha French nkhondo (1812). Pa nthawi imeneyi kutchalitchi kangapo pansi zolimbanirana ndi wazingidwa. Makamaka zoopsa chifukwa chipilala mapulani anali mu zaka 1665 ndipo 1706. Pa nthawi kuti chinaperekedwa kwa kuwonongeka ndithu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII Mir Castle nachiritsidwa, mu 1784 kachiwiri kuonongeka. Mu 1812 makoma a Nyumbayi zovuta panali nkhondo imene nawo apakavalo Davoust (French polimbana) ndipo kumbuyo chachiwiri Russian Army Platov. Kuyambira mu 1989 mwaluso wa Gothic choyambirira ndi nthambi ya National Art Museum a Belarus. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XXI zinachitika odzitukumula kukhazikitsanso zovuta lapansi. Tikumbukenso kuti chipilala mapulani ndi lotseguka kwa alendo. Kumbukirani, ulendo ku Mir Castle ndi ofunika 120 000 BYR. pakani. (About 400 Russian). Mu 2001, mapulani zovuta cha nyumbayi wakhala kupereka udindo wodzilamulira.

Mir Castle: m'mbiri

Kamangidwe zovuta ndi mwala dongosolo, zambiri za zomwe inamangidwa XVI-XVII CC. Malinga ndi asayansi ndi ofufuza kale mu malo omwewo inali Manor ambuye. Nyumbayi wazunguliridwa ndi malo pomwepo, ndi mtsinje umayenda Miranka pambali pake. Tsiku lenileni la pomanga chipilala a zomangamanga sakudziwika mpaka pano. Komabe, pali malangizo amene yomanga ake anayamba palibe kale kuposa chaka 1522. Pamenepo mwini malo m'deralo - Yuriy Ilyinich - kusamalira inventories wawo ndiponso ubwenzi katundu Litavorom Hreptovichem.

N'chifukwa chiyani anamangapo nyumba ino?

Asayansi simungakhoze kubwera kwa kuuzidwa za cholinga choyambirira cha ntchito yomanga ya m'linga. Komabe, munthu angathe kuganiza kuti dongosolo Gothic inamangidwa chifukwa cha kutchuka, makamaka anapatsidwa chakuti dziko m'mudzi m'masiku amenewo ankaona kuti ndi malo amtendere. Komabe, khoma makulidwe a loko (2 m pamwamba ndi pansi pa 3 m) ndi wapadera atatu wosanjikiza wosanganiza zomangamanga ndi njerwa ndi miyala amasonyeza bwino kumbuyo luso zovuta lonse. Mu mmunsi mwa wapakamwa ndi odulidwa zida munakhazikitsa. Kumadzulo ndi kumpoto mpanda wa zomera ndi anaiika kumenyana ndi zamwano amphamvu pine. Mwatsoka, eni choyamba cha zovuta - Ilyinich - sanathe kumaliza ntchito yomanga, monga mtundu wawo ankafunika mu 1568. The eni watsopano - Radziwill - ntchito adapitiriza. Zikomo chifukwa cha ntchito yawo maonekedwe a nyumba anapeza mbali khalidwe la Kubadwa Kwatsopano. chopereka Special kwa moyo wa Mir Castle anayambitsa Nikolay Hristofor amasiye. Kukhala munda wa banja Radziwill, zovuta zizindikiro 3-storey nyumba, kulengedwa ndi Martin Zaborovsky.

Tsogolo la chipilala mapulani

Mu 1655 nyumbayi unatengedwa ndi Cossacks kutsogoleredwa ndi Hetman Ivan Zolotarenko. Pambuyo nkhondo ndi Russia, ndiyeno Great kumpoto nkhondo pafupifupi 80 zaka anawononga ndi bwinja. Only mu 30s wa atumwi XVIII nyumba wachipembedzo, ndipo kenako anaonekera waukulu holo, chithunzi zomera ndi malo kuvina. Pochira wathunso ndi "Italy munda". Mu 1785 Mir Castle anabwera Korol Stanislav August. Iye chidwi ndi kukongola ndi kulemera kwa ulemerero mkati mwa nyumba yachifumu. Mu 1813 ku France, anafa kalonga otsiriza kuti adzalandira Radziwill banja - Dominik Geronim. Mwana wake wamkazi - Mfumukazi Stephanie - anakwatiwa Lva Vitgenshteyna. Ndipo anapita Mir Castle tinatengera. Atamwalira Stephanie Lev Vitgenshteyn anasamukira ku Germany. mwana wake kukhala wopanda mwana, wadutsa mu cholowa cha zovuta mapulani a mlongo wake Maria. Koma iye sakanakhoza kukhala mwini chuma osasunthika pansi pa lamulo. Chifukwa, zovuta anagulitsidwa kwa Prince Nikolay Svyatopolk-Mirsky. The mwini latsopano anayamba kukhazikitsanso chachikulu.

Nkhondo Itatha

Pambuyo kugwirizana USSR, dera la kumadzulo kwa Belarus mu 1939, ngale mapulani anali nationalized. Mpaka 1941 anali kupanga mgwirizano, ndi pa Anazi - ndi ghetto Ayuda ndi msasa akaidi a nkhondo. Pambuyo kumasulidwa kwa Belarus mpaka 1956 anthu zovuta yapachiweniweni moyo. Izi mwina akamagwiritsa chokongoletsera mkati mwa nyumba yachifumu. Kuyambira mu 1947, zomangamanga ndi kukuteteza boma.

Mapulani zovuta lero

Mir Castle - ndi mfundo yowala chidwi wa Republic of Belarus ndi zomangamanga bwino anayamba alendo. Komanso, makomawo ankanena zochitika zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe: jousts, zikondwerero, zoimbaimba, misonkhano ndi zisudzo ed. Nyumbayi zovuta - amodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri amene anapita ndi alendo yachilendo.