Wolemba Leonid Maksimovich Leonov: yonena, zimaonetsa mfundo zothandiza ndi chidwi

M'chikhalidwe chathu kumatanthauza malo ake nthawi yomweyo - Russian tingachipeze powerenga wolemba, anatulukira mu mabuku a malangizo chikhalidwe ndi nzeru za anthu. Ndi ndani iye? Leonid Maksimovich Leonov. luso lake ndi m'zigawozigawo ndi mnogoproblemno. Iye analemba zokhudza kapangidwe ka anthu zokomera, anafotokoza maganizo ake pa izi, zikuchepa anaukitsa mavuto a anthu, "pansi", nakhudza ngakhale ntchito wosangalatsa, monga "anthu kuzizira".

Mwachidule yonena Leonida Maksimovicha Leonova. wolembayo ubwana

Anabadwa Leonid Maximovich Leonov akubwera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX - May 19, 1899. Wolemba moyo wautali, iye anamwalira mu August 8, 1994 pa msinkhu wa zaka 95. Leonov anaikidwa pa Novodevichy manda.

Childhood Leonid unachitikira ku Moscow. atate wake - limakhulupirira Leonov (tsoka) anali ndakatulo ndi kudziona anaphunzitsa, membala wa "Surikov" bwalo nyimbo-zolembalemba. Iyeyo anali mbadwa ya m'chigawo Kaluga, mudzi Polukhino.

Limakhulupirira Leonovich analenga yosindikiza wake m'nyumba yake mu Moscow. Zinthu zikuwayendera bwino, anatsegula shopu yake ndipo anali wolemera kwambiri. Mu nthawi lachifumu nthawi limakhulupirira Goremyka 17 chogwira kufalitsa mabuku kumanzere ndipo kenako kupita ku Arkhangelsk, kumene anakakhala. Iye anafa mu 1929. banja lake, iye anasiya Moscow, ndi Leonid Maksimovic analeredwa popanda bambo. wakeyo chachikulu chinali agogo anga Leon Leonovich Leonov. Ndipo Iye anaika chikondi cha mnyamata kuti mabuku wauzimu ndi wakale. Mu zaka khumi maphunziro Leonid Petrovsky-Myasnitskaya mzinda sukulu. Iye analembetsa kuphunzira koloko Moscow zolimbitsa thupi.

Arkhangelsk

Ngakhale kusukuluyi, Leonov anapita patchuthi bambo ake mu Arkhangelsk, kumene iye anali mkonzi wa nyuzipepala "Kumpoto m'mawa." Mu 1915 anapita buku la ndime yoyamba Leonov Leonid Maksimovic. Komanso bambo anamuthandiza kufalitsa zosiyanasiyana essays, luso ndi zisudzo ndemanga. Iwo anali amphamvu kuti bambo ake analibe manyazi zitsanzo za cholembera cha mwana wake. Choncho zinachitikira mlembi woyamba wa. ndakatulo yake yoyamba wolemba amatchedwa "pachiyambi chitsanzo mawu, ikukonzekera ndi azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala," iwo anali kwakukulukulu imitative.

Pophunzira wake pa masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi Leonid Maksimovich Leonov analemba nkhani "Valin chidole", komanso nthano "Mfumu ndi Athos." Leonov maphunziro a sekondale mu 1918 ndi Mendulo siliva ndi yomweyo anapita kwa Angelo kuti bambo ake. Pali wolemba wamng'ono ntchito m'mabuku a "tsiku North", "Kumpoto m'mawa." Palinso ananamizira kudziwana choyamba ndi "andakatulo ya kumpoto" - Shergin wolemba, wojambula Pisahova. Anathandiza kutsegula dziko la mnyamatayo Russian mwambo, chizindikiro Russ epic, osafikiridwa namwali chikhalidwe.

The utumiki mu Red Army

Mu Leonid anaphunzira kwa kanthawi yunivesite ya Moscow, maganizo ake onse anaswa Civil nkhondo. Wambiri ya wolemba kwambiri Leonid Leonov lili deta kuti mnyamata mu 1920, mwaufulu limodzi ndi Red Army ndipo anatumikira Kumwera Front. Maphunziro kukuchitika pakubweranso zida zankhondo School, nkhondo, anali mtolankhani wina kutsogolo, anagwira ntchito mabuku a asilikali. Iye anakhala mlembi wa "Red Wankhondo" kope. Asilikali alias Leonov - limakhulupirira Laptev, Lapot. Iye demobilized mu 1921, nayamba kulemba kwambiri.

kukhala wolemba

Back mu Moscow, Leonid Maksimovich Leonov mwaukadaulo chinkhoswe ngati wolemba. Ntchito zake zoyamba kutamandidwa limakhulupirira Gorky, amene anatsindika talente imodzi ya wolemba wamng'ono, ndipo ananeneratu m'tsogolo lalikulu. Ena anaona ntchito Leonova ena kucheza ndi kalembedwe Dostoevsky pa Gorky anawadzudzula kuti Leonov ntchito mulibe anthu "kulira kwa ovulala," anatero Fyodor Mikhailovich.

Leonid Maksimovich Leonov, amene ndakatulo afalitsidwa unyamata wake, anamukwiyira kwambiri chinkhoswe mu prose. nthano wake "Buryga" linasindikizidwa mu 1922, lanyimbo lalifupi lofalitsidwa mu 1923, kenako buku "Kutha kwa munthu wamba" ndipo "Petushihinsky wovulala."

Buku "yoongoka", "Wakuba"

Chifukwa buku "yoongoka" (1924), wolemba Leonid Leonov Maksimovic anali wofunika kwambiri ngati wolemba wamng'ono. Ntchito wodzipereka kwa kupanduka kwa amphawi amene ankatsutsa boma la Soviet kumayambiriro 20 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Chiyambi cha wolemba wamba kupanduka waona osati njira kuonetsa cha ulamuliro wa mphamvu kwambiri dongosolo zochuluka-kuyenerera, komanso kudana mbiri osauka kwa anthu a m'tauni. Akuchitirana njiru, pa nthaka ya kukhala zoopsa, amene infects udani wa khwimbi la anthu.

Images a anthu, ine analenga chenicheni otchulidwa akukambidwa mwandondomeko a maganizo ndi nzeru zaumunthu tanthauzo. Mu buku, mlembiyu anamva chisoni anthu ntchito, amene yokutidwa kuthedwa nzeru pamaso kusintha kwakukulu mu miyoyo yawo.

Ntchito zake "The Mbala" (1927) Leonid Maksimovich Leonov anawulula kale monga connoisseur wa maphunziro anthu. Pamaso kuti sanatchulidwe mu ntchito za Olinganiza zoikidwiratu awa, "Wakuba" akuuza wowerenga za tsoka zomvetsa chisoni Mitya Vekshina. Anaumba Commissioner, ali anazembera ku felon ndi, apa ophatikizapo tsoka la mtundu wonse, sewero la moyo ndi chikumbumtima. Mu nthawi yathu, tikhoza kuunikira mankhwala alipodi, tsopano ife kudziwa mmene oopsa mphamvu anapita "lumpen proletariat" ndipo anagwa kuchokera pamwamba ake. "Wakuba" zidavumbulutsidwa nthawi kuti onse ins ndi outs wa arbiters unflattering a nthawi.

Ntchito za 30s ndi

Buku "Sot" (1930) anakhala mankhwala loyamba la Soviet, kumene ulemerero ntchito ungwazi anthu Soviet, ankamutama yomanga sosholisimu ndi kusintha kwa ogontha mu mzinda wa malo mafakitale. Kunena "Skutarevsky" ndi "Road kwa Ocean" Titha phunziro luso molimba kukonzanso malingaliro a dziko la anzeru, amene asankha kutenga nawo mbali pa kusinthika kwa zowonongeka. Apa akufotokozedwa lakuthwa kalasi kulimbana ndi zosiyanasiyana zimenezi. "Road kwa Ocean" akulongosola tsogolo la chikominisi - kulinganiza zinthu, nzeru zapamwamba, mtsogoleri amene amatipatsa yekha chifukwa cha kumanga chikominisi.

sewero

Mu 30 ndi kumayambiriro 40 ntchentche malemu Leonov ntchito zambiri monga Wolemba wina wamwamuna. masewero ake ali kufunika kwambiri. "Skutarevsky" (1934), "The Wolf", "Polovchanskie Gardens" (1938), "Anthu Wamba" (1941).

A mawu ochepa ine ndikufuna kunena za sewerolo "Mkuntho". Iwo ali ndi udindo wapadera mu Leonova ntchito ndi chikunena zenizeni chidwi ndi moyo wa wolemba. Mu ntchito iyi wolemba ali kulengedwanso zinkakhalira mantha ndiponso kusakhulupirirana amene anagwira dziko mu 30s lapansi. Lowopsya Mkuntho mkuntho wa chisanu imawonongeka zonse mu njira yake moyo, mphamvu kuchita. Mitundu mwachizolowezi la ngwazi za nthawi kuti asinthidwa kupitirira kutchuka, anthu obwera ankaimira ngwazi zabwino, ndi m'bale wake, mkulu Soviet - negative.

Poyamba, sewerolo kukhala zisudzo zigawo. Koma ndiye inaletsedwa ndi mlandu "monga klevetnichestvo njiru zenizeni Soviet." Leonov mwamphamvu mu Politburo, wolemba ankaopa kuti adzamangidwa. Anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso mankhwala okha mu 1962.

Nkhondo. Nkhondo Itatha

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, Leonid Maximovich anali anasamutsidwa ndi olemba ena Chistopol. Mobwerezabwereza ngati mtolankhani anapita kutsogolo. Anagwira ntchito "News" ndi "choonadi." ntchito zake "mliri" kenako "Lenushka" (1942-1943 gg.), zomwe chintchito anthu nkhondo yolimbana fascism, chisoni chifukwa cha imfa ndi kugonja, kulimba mtima komanso ungwazi. "Mliri" anali kupereka wa Stalin Prize. Chidwi mfundo: Ndalama zonse, ndipo ilo linali 100 zikwi rubles, Leonov kukaperekedwa kwa Fund silikhali. Pakuti adalandira kuwayamikira olembedwa ku Stalin.

Leonid Maksimovich Leonov, kanthawi yonena kwake pepala ili, anali munthu wolemekezeka nthawi yake. Pali katetezedwe mbali ya ntchito yake. Nkhondo itatha, iye anapitirizabe kulemba, kuukitsa nkhani ya tsiku. Osati mantha kulankhula za kupondereza anthu, ndi kulaks, adani a anthu, ku munthu aliyense iye anali kuyesera kupeza chizindikiro, kuyesera kukwaniritsa choonadi. Osati zonse za ntchito zake zinatuluka, ena ngakhale yoletsedwa ku Soviet Union. Koma mwanjira fated wolemba sanali kulangidwa chifukwa cha luso lake mtima, ndipo ngakhale izo Dziwani kuti mobwerezabwereza kupereka mphoto zosiyanasiyana boma, anali wotchuka ndi odziwika munthu mu bwalo la luntha.

ntchito yake yaikulu "Piramidi" lofalitsidwa wolemba yosatha asanamwalire, anali kugwira ntchito pa chidutswa kwa zaka 45. Iwo Leonov anafotokoza lonse zimathandizadi mabuku Mu zaka zapitazo, ophatikizana phindu ndi zopeka, juxtaposed ndi zosatheka n'kotheka, ndipo mwachidule luso lake onse.