Petersburg anthu: kukula, zikuchokera, kugawa,

Umodzi mwa mizinda otchuka Russian mu dziko - St. Petersburg. Iye ndi zachilendo kwambiri. Mbiri yake, nyengo, zomangamanga ndi ngakhale anthu omwe ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mizinda ina ya dziko. Ndikuuzeni inu za makhalidwe a anthu likulu kumpoto, zimene madera yotchuka kwambiri ya St. Petersburg okhala ndi mmene zinthu kuchita ndi ntchito.

Chongani History

mzindawo pa Neva anachokera chilakolako cha Peter Wamkulu, amene anawawona apa zipata ku Europe. Ndi kuthetsa kunayamba May 16, 1703, pamene kalulu Island mwala woyamba wa m'tsogolo Petro ndi Paulo Linga chinaikidwa. Pansi Peter mzinda mwachangu kumangidwa, ndipo mu 1712 n'kukhala likulu la Russia. Mu Petrine nyengo Petersburg wobwezera latsopano nkhope ndi chikukulirakulirabe. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18 alionse wadutsa anthu 220 sauzande, pamene likulu Kumpoto ali agwidwa ndi Moscow wakale.

Theka lachiwiri la m'zaka 18 ndi 19 anakhala weniweni golide zaka mzinda: inamangidwa zachifumu zambiri, mipingo, sukulu poyera ndi malonda osiyanasiyana. Zonsezi kumakhudza opindulitsa pa chiwerengero cha anthu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, zamakolo St. Petersburg umboni zochitika zodabwitsa chosintha. Chiwerengero cha St. Petersburg mogwirizana ndi m'mbuyo lapansi. Pambuyo 1917, likulu anadzatchedwa Petrograd, akubwera chiwonongeko ndi mavuto. Mu 1918, mzinda watha udindo likulu a. Ndipo mu 1924 izo anadzatchedwa Leningrad. Dzinali mbiri, iye yekha kubwerera mu 1991 pambuyo referendum mwa anthu a. Lero, St. Petersburg salakwa ali udindo wa likulu chikhalidwe Russia ndi umodzi mwa mizinda wotchuka mu dziko.

Nyengo ndi chilengedwe

Saint Petersburg ili mu zone ya chinyezi Ngerezi nyengo. Apa chilimwe lalifupi amtengo ofunda ndi m'malo lalifupi yonyowa nyengo yozizira. Nyengo yaitali - kasupe ndi chirimwe. Pachaka kutentha ndi za 6 madigiri. M'nyengo yozizira, thermometer umachitika masana mu chizindikiro madigiri opanda 5-8, m'chilimwe limatuluka kuti kuphatikiza 20. Petersburg anthu amadwala kupanda dzuwa, monga m'chaka pali pafupifupi 60 masiku bwino. Mu mzinda wa mpweya mkulu (za 660 mm) ndi zambiri overcast. M'chaka ku St. Petersburg, pali wapadera zachilengedwe - mausiku woyera.

Ambiri a m'dzikoli ndi magalimoto kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti zinthu zachilengedwe ku St. Petersburg ndi zovuta. Mpweya yatsekera mpweya utsi, madzi wowonongeka wa Neva bwino kutsukidwa madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ubale mzinda umamumvera polojekiti kupitirirabe ndi chisamaliro utsogoleli.

anthu

Penyani chiwerengero cha anthu mu St. Petersburg anayamba ndi 1764, pamene pali anakhalako zaka pafupifupi 150 anthu zikwi. Mpaka 1917, chiwerengero cha St. Petersburg wakula bwinobwino. Mu 1891, kuthyoka chithunzi cha anthu 1 miliyoni. Ndi chiyambi cha zochitika kunachitika cha 1917, mzinda anthu 2.4 miliyoni. The kulanda boma ndi wotsatira nkhondo yapachiweniweni ndi nkhondo World anatsogolera chakuti mzinda akuyamba kuchepa.

Mu 1918 pali kale olembedwa anthu mamiliyoni 1.4, ndipo pambuyo kulanda likulu kuti Moscow mu 1919, kale anthu 900 000. Popeza 1921, nyengo ya wachibale zaziwerengero bata, mzinda akupita pang'ono. Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu likulu North ndi nyumba pafupifupi 3 miliyoni St. Petersburg. Pa nkhondo, anthu a St. Petersburg anali anatseka misewu, amene anatsogolera imfa ikuluikulu ya moyo. Mu 1945, anthu 927 Sudzasiyidwa pano. Nkhondo itatha, anthu okhala m'tauni pang'onopang'ono pochokera achoke, anthu atsopano anayamba kubwera ku Leningrad.

Kumapeto kwa 50s kuno kale olembedwa atatu miliyoni anthu. Ndi chiyambi cha perestroika, likulu chikhalidwe ayamba kuona kwambiri mavuto zaziwerengero, mlingo kubadwa mathithi, imfa limakula. Ngati mu 1991 panali anthu 5.000.000, kale ndi 2008 ndi miliyoni 4.5. Mkhalidwe antchito zoopsa kupulumutsidwa ngati kukula chilengedwe cha anthu kwa zaka zambiri amakhalabe negative. Kuyambira chaka cha 2010, zinthu umayamba kusintha pang'ono. 2016 ku St. Petersburg, pali miliyoni 5,22 anthu.

Zigawo ndi kugawa anthu

St. Petersburg lagawidwa 18 m'maboma utsogoleri. The kukula yachangu ndi chigawo Primorsky, komanso ndi dziko lalikulu, ndi nyumba pafupifupi 550.000 anthu. M'madera ambiri a St. Petersburg pang'ono ndi pang'ono kukhala malo kutanthauzira kwa apaulendo malonda kusangalala. Central, Admiralty ndi Vasileostrovskiy County kusonyeza kuchepa khola chiwerengero cha anthu.

chiwerengero

Pakali pano, St. Petersburg ndi mzinda wachiwiri kukula kwa Russia, wachitatu mu Europe ndi mzinda waukulu kumpoto mu dziko. Pankhaniyi mzinda ali zambiri mavuto zaziwerengero. Mlingo wochepa kubadwa kanthawi sangathe kuwapeza imfa. Kuchuluka moyo amayembekezeka ndi mitengo otsika kubadwa kutsogolera chakuti anthu ndi okalamba Petersburg ndi zaziwerengero katundu pa anthu ntchito zaka ikukula. kuchuluka kwa anthu mpata kwa ogwira ntchito amene amakopeka ndi ntchito St. Petersburg ndi mwachilungamo moyo wapamwamba.

Economy ndi ntchito

Likulu kumpoto amakopeka osamukawo ndi alendo mu malo oyamba n'zotheka kupeza ntchito. mzinda ndi imodzi mwa malo aakulu kwambiri a zachuma a dziko, pali makampani zikugwira ntchito kupanga, mafakitale ntchito. Choncho, m'madera ambiri a St. Petersburg inasanduka malo enieni mafakitale, koma mipata yaikulu ntchito. Ulova mumzinda chili pa 1.5%, pamene pali nthawizonse nambala mwachilungamo lalikulu ntchito, makamaka ntchito chizolowezi ndi antchito. Choncho, ntchito St. Petersburg, koma anthu sindimakonda izo.