Mitundu ya mitengo birch mu Russian: kufotokoza, chithunzi

Ku Russia, palibe mtengo mbadwa birch. mawu anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma VII, ku mneni "kuteteza". Pakuti wakale Asilavo chizindikiro cha chonde ndi Mtetezi wa anthu anali mulungu - Anapempha, iwo anali mu mawonekedwe a birch. N'zodziwikiratu kuti dzina la mtengo chatifika kuchokera kalelo. Kodi mukudziwa angati ndi mtundu wa mitengo birch kukula mu Russia? Today tidzapeza.

mafotokozedwe

mitundu ya mitengo birch mitengo, kufika kutalika mamita 30 mpaka 45 circumference thunthu akula masentimita 150, ngakhale kuti pali zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zitsamba, kuphatikizapo zokwawa, sadzachitanso mwakwera pamwamba pansi. oimira onse a banja birch ndi monoecious, dioecious, mphepo mungu zomera.

The mizu ya mitengo ya mtundu wamphamvu, zimakhala pamwamba ndi obliquely kusiya kwambiri (malinga kukula). Anayamba kuchepa taproot mmera zimachitika mwachilungamo msanga, koma mbali ndi zambiri mizu chabwino mochkovidnyh zikukwaniritsidwa mofulumira. Mu zaka zoyambilira za birch ukukula pang'onopang'ono, koma kenako amayamba Prytkov amayesetsa m'mwamba, kukhala kugonjetsa zomera herbaceous.

Makungwa a mitundu yambiri ya oyera, achikasu, pinki kapena pabuka-bulauni mtundu, ngakhale kuti pali mitundu ndi imvi, zofiirira ngakhalenso wakuda gawo lakunja la thunthu. maselo ndizodzazidwa ndi Nkhata Bay minofu mosavuta peelable betulin (gummy woyera olimba). Mitengo azaka zoposa zambiri pansi pa mbiya, mukhoza kuona kutumphuka mdima ndi zambiri ming'alu kwambiri.

Masamba oimira inayo banja birch, imodzi pa m'mbali, lonse, ovate-rhombic kapena triangular dzira mawonekedwe, yosalala, monosimmetricheskie, wautali kufika 7 masentimita lonse - 4.

Mitundu ya birches ku Russia

Takambirana kufotokoza onse a ziwalo za mtundu uwu. Tsopano ndikanakonda kuti asonyeze ena mitundu mwatsatanetsatane. Kodi mukudziwa mmene mitundu ya birch alipo mu dziko? Akatswiri ndi pafupifupi 120 mitundu ya wochepa, belostvolnyh, kuwala nkhuni, pamene mu Russia limakhalapo pafupifupi 65 mitundu, zimasiyanasiyana zina. Osati kanthu ndi birch chizindikiro cha dziko lathu.

Kuwonjezera alipidwa mitengo lagolide ndi ndolo yaitali, pali likukhalira kukhala mtundu wa mawonekedwe zosiyana. Ambiri kotereku birches mu Russia monga kuŵeramitsa ndi fluffy, ngakhale pali mu dziko lathu, ndi mitengo ndi khungwa chikasu, Violet, chitumbuwa, imvi, zofiirira ndi wakuda. Mu mitengo wapadera monga okha anakumana botanists kudziwa mtundu wa birch. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, mu nkhalango kukula makungwa Far birch ndi shaggy m'malo khungwa. Komanso apa pali mitengo ndi mdima wofiirira gawo lakunja la thunthu. mtundu wotchedwa chitsulo birch chifukwa cha matabwa olimba, amene ali yokha mphamvu ya bokkautu (mtengo kukula mu kotentha).

betula pendula

Monga tanena kale, ndi chizindikiro cha birch Russian. Species ndi mitundu ya mitengo yofala zathu mdziko lathu ndipo tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani. A chiyambi birch (njerewere). Mtengo umenewu angafikire ndi kutalika mamita 30 ndi awiri a 60-80 masentimita wa thunthu. Iwo amakhala ndi openwork Kroon, likugwera pansi kuchokera mphukira, moyera-kapena grayish-woyera makungwa ndi ming'alu osiyanasiyana amene mawonekedwe zimadalira mtundu wa birch khungwa. Pansi pa mbiya, ndi mapangidwe peel coarse. Birch ndi diamondi-mawonekedwe zikukhudza kukula mofulumira, motero, ndi grubokoroy - pang'onopang'ono. Mbali yaikulu ya mitundu - pamaso pa zophuka yaing'ono, wotchedwa njerewere pa nthambi achinyamata. The zosiyanasiyana chidali cha Karelian birch imatengedwa.

betula pubescens

Downy birch mtengo akuimira molunjika-thunthu ndi nthambi lotseguka upwardly, makungwa yosalala mtundu woyera kapena grayish ndi likugwera zanthete. Makamaka amtengo burls birch.

Betula pubescens amapezeka pafupifupi malo onse, kupatulapo m'madera kwambiri kumpoto ndi kum'mwera, pamene pali mitundu shrubby mitengo birch. Kufotokozera za gawo la mitengo kukula: mitundu yofala mitengo birch zambiri kukula mu paki yomweyo, ngakhale kuti katundu chilengedwe osiyana awo; chifukwa birch adalipo youma pa phiri, ndi fluffy - madambo; Nthawi zina m'madera m'madambo. Izi mitundu ya mitengo birch kukula bwino ndi deciduous ndi mitengo coniferous.

Mini-mitengo

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya birch, kupatula mitundu zatchulidwazi pa malo lotseguka dziko lathu? Komanso Khingan wa mitengo yayitali mu mapiri birches Russian kukula nyenyezi yaing'ono. Ena mitundu zimapezeka Altai Mountains ndi m'madera a mapiri a ku Central Asia. Zomera ali pafupifupi 12 mitundu ya mitengo nyenyezi yaing'ono kukula padziko lonse. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, mungasangalale Altai cordata birch pa Pamiro Alta - Altaian ndi turkestan, ndi Tien-Shan - birch Sapozhnikova ndi Schrenk.

mitengo kumiza mu dziko lathu zimapezeka kumpoto, makamaka treeless zone malo a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi la lamba subarctic ndi mmene Moss-ndere Titafika pamalo zomera ndi lamapiri m'derali. Ambiri monga nyenyezi yaing'ono birch nyenyezi yaing'ono, woonda, Middendorf birch ndi Komarov.

Ena mitundu ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti ndi otsika mu msinkhu, bowa boletus. M'madera ena, mukhoza kupeza mitengo nyenyezi yaing'ono, mu maonekedwe zambiri amatikumbutsa zitsamba: birch Kuzmischeva, Gmelin, kungokhala pamodzimodzi, kustranikovaya, ovalnolistnaya ndi Far East. Lesotudrovyh kukula ambiri mu mabacteria, mu m'madambo mu nkhalango.

Dahurian birch

Temnokorye mitundu mtengo ndi inafalitsidwa mu East Asia, ngakhale ena a iwo akhoza kukhala woyamikiridwa ndi kum'mawa Siberia. Zikuphatikizapo birch, Dahurian. Tree ndi openwork korona limakula ndi mamita 25 kutalika. Chachikulu kusiyana kwa mitundu ina - makungwa choyambirira: wamng'ono birches iye pinkish hue, wakale - mdima imvi, nthawi zina wakuda-bulauni, losweka pamodzi njere. Birch makungwa mwina nthawi pang'ono exfoliate ndi kuguluka, Mavesi amene chagona tufts amalenga zotsatira azipiringa. Mdima wobiriwira masamba a birch dahurica (wakuda) kugwa chowulungika kukhala lachikasu bulauni mthunzi. Maluwa ayamba nthawi yomweyo pambuyo ukufalikira masamba. Nyengo kukula ndi wamfupi kusiyana mu mitundu ina.

birch yakhalapo

Mu mapiri a Black Sea gombe kum'mwera kwa Tuapse ndi Rion beseni pali nkhalango yaing'ono ya birch Medvedev. Chifukwa cha nthambi zabwino rooting, mitundu kawirikawiri amamera malo otsetsereka, a mphukira mizu anapanga latsopano bulanchi mitengo.

Zachilendo view m'nkhalango anapanga birch Radde ndi khungwa red-pinki. Nthumwi yekha mu Russia mitengo pachimake - Birch Maksimovic, yomwe imapezeka pa chisumbu cha kum'mwera cha Kunashir Island (Kuril lokwera).

Moscow zosonkhanitsira

The Main Botanical Garden likulu ku akutanthauza zigwire mitundu iwiri yokha ya mitengo North America temnokoryh. Iwo samakonda Khingan mitundu wathu wa mitengo birch! Only kukhalapo kwa ndolo ambiri, ankaikira zomera, limasonyeza kuti ndi mlongo wa Birch wathu. Komanso apa pali mitengo ndi khungwa golide chonyezimira. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu North America.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa angati mitundu ya mitengo birch kukula padziko lonse, ndi kuti Russia wakhala wolemera mitundu zikuchokera birches dziko.