Mitundu yolankhula. Mfundo Zazikulu

Kulankhulana ndi njira yolankhulirana pakati pa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chinenero chomwe chimapangidwa malinga ndi malamulo ena. Lingaliro la kulankhula likudziwika ndi ndondomeko yophatikizapo ntchito, kulingalira, kumbali imodzi, mapangidwe ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malingaliro ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zilankhulo za chilankhulo, ndi kumvetsetsa ndi kumvetsetsa zilankhulo za chinenero pamzake.

Phunziro loyankhulana ndi anthu, magulu osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri kumalowetsana. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, lingaliro "zoyankhula ndi mitundu yake", "kulankhulana", "kulankhulana" nthawi zambiri kumakhala zofanana. Makamaka, izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu awiri omaliza.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti m'zinenero "chiyankhulo" chimaonedwa chimodzi mwazochitika - chimasiyana ndi dongosolo la chinenero ndi bungwe loyankhula. Olemba ena amatchula njira yolankhulirana monga zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizapo zovuta za zosiyana zomwe zimamvetsetsa ndi kuyankhula.

Ntchito yolankhula ili ndi mitundu ikuluikulu iyi: kuwerenga, kumvetsera (kumvetsera), kuyankhula, kulemba. Kumvetsetsa kumeneku kumaphatikizidwa mu njira yophunzitsira chinenero (akunja, kuphatikizapo).

Mitundu yolankhula. Kulankhula.

Lingaliro limeneli likuyimira liwu lirilonse lomveka. M'mbuyomu, kulankhula ndilo chinenero choyambirira, chomwe chinayambira kale kuposa kalata. Kuchokera kuwona zakuthupi, kulankhula kwa m'kamwa ndi mafunde abwino. Kulankhulidwa ndi zotsatira za ntchito za ziwalo zina za umunthu (zida za mawu). Kusinkhasinkha ndi chiwonongeko chonse cha mawu, chiwonetsero (kukula kapena kuchepetseratu), nthawi, voliyumu, nyimbo. Chofunika kwambiri pamalankhulidwe pamlomo chimaperekedwa chifukwa cha kusakhalapo kapena kukhalapo kwa phokoso, kufotokozera momveka bwino pamatchulidwe, kukwanitsa kulongosola moyenera malingaliro abwino. Kulankhula, kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyana, kumatha kufotokoza chidzalo cha maganizo, maganizo, maganizo.

Mitundu yolankhula. Kalatayo.

Chiyankhulo cha mtunduwu cha anthu ndi njira yothandizira yogwiritsira ntchito pokonzekera kulankhula (mawu olankhula). Pa nthawi yomweyi, kalata ikhoza kutchedwa dongosolo lokhazikika. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito ya mawu ojambula (pakamwa), machitidwe olembedwa amakulolani kuti mutenge chidziwitso chowonjezereka, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kulankhulana.

Cholinga chachikulu cha kalatayi ndicho kukonza mawu oyankhulidwa kuti mupulumutse. Ntchito yamtundu uwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyankhulana pakati pa anthu omwe apatulidwa ndi nthawi, mtunda. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti udindo wa kalata walephera kwambiri, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a foni.

Mitundu yolankhula. Kumvetsera (kumvetsera).

Kufufuza ndi njira yomwe imakhudza zonse mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji (kudzera pa audio, radio ndi zina) kugwirizana pakati pa womvetsera ndi wokamba nkhani.

Pachiyambi choyamba (mwachindunji), othandizirawo ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe a chilankhulo (mau olankhulana), komanso amatanthawuza kulankhulana mosagwiritsa ntchito mawu (nkhope, manja, manja) zomwe zimathandiza kuti mumvetse bwino komanso kumvetsetsa.

Mitundu yolankhula. Kuwerenga.

Malingana ndi matanthauzira ophweka, kuwerenga kumawoneka ngati ndondomeko yochotsera mfundo kuchokera pamasindikidwe kapena pamanja.

Mtundu wapadera wa kulankhulana kwa chinenero cha anthu ndi imodzi mwa njira zoyankhulirana zoyankhulirana. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kuwerenga sikuwoneka ngati mbali imodzi kumakhudza wowerenga. Sichikufotokozedwa mwa kulingalira mozama, kufanana ndi zomwe zili. Kuwerenga kumaphatikizapo kugwirizana pakati pa wolandira (wowerenga) ndi communicator (wolemba walemba).