Mkota - ndi chiyani ichi? Mkota kupenta: oimira ndi ntchito

Ndi umunthu kuthetsa kupyola mu chirichonse, pa malo onsewo kupeza ndi kupereka dzina. Ndi kovuta kuchita paluso, kumene ndalama - ndi gulu kuti salola munthu Finyani kapena lonse azimuth latsopano wonse Directory selo analamula. Mkota - ichi ndi chinthu choterocho. Za iye amati kuposa zaka.

Abstractio - zosangalatsa, kupatukana

njira limaonetseratu za kupenta - mzere, mawonekedwe, mtundu. Ngati iwo ku mfundo zosafunika, maumboni ndi mayanjano, iwo kukhala wangwiro, mtheradi. Plato ananena za woona, kukongola lamanja la mizere molunjika ndi akalumikidzidwa zojambula. Pakalibe ofanana ankafotokozedwa ndi zinthu zenizeni njira yopezera zotsatira pa wowerenga chinthu china chosadziwika, kuwerengedwa chikumbumtima wamba. Mtengo luso la chithunzi yokha kukhala pamwamba kufunika zimene imaimira, monga chithunzi luso amalenga dziko latsopano mwa ziwalo.

Chomwecho ojambula zithunzi okonzanso. Kwa iwo, umboni - Njira kufufuza makhalidwe atsopano luso kuti ali ndi mphamvu kale ndi kale lonse.

M'badwo Watsopano - luso latsopano

Otsutsa amanena kuti umboni uwu. Art mbiri yakale anasiya kuteteza maganizo awo polemba mawanga akusowekapo m'mbiri ya kupenta chabe. Koma ambiri anagwirizana ndi nthawi ya kubadwa kwake mu 1910 ku Munich, Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) Iye anasonyeza ntchito yake "Chizindikiro. (Choyamba watercolor umboni). "

Posachedwa Kandinsky m'buku lake "Pa Chauzimu Art" anatsimikidwa ndi nzeru za atengera latsopano.

Chinthu chachikulu - ndi maganizo

Ine sindikuganiza kuti kupenta umboni anatuluka paliponse. The Impressionists zikusonyeza phindu latsopano la mtundu ndi kuwala kupenta. Udindo umenewu wakhala zochepa liniya imeneyo, pa mwatsatanetsatane za kufanana, etc. Mchikakamizo cha kalembedwe uyu anali ambuye onse atongi wa nthawi.

Mitunda James Whistler (1834-1903) wake "Nocturnes" ndi "nthetemya", n'zosadabwitsa amatikumbutsa katswiri wa umboni zosonyeza zojambulajambula. Mwa njira, Whistler ndi Kandinsky anali synaesthesia - luso lophunzitsa mtundu phokoso la katundu makamaka. Ndi utoto pa ntchito zawo kumveka ngati nyimbo.

Mu ntchito za Paulo Cézanne (1839-1906), makamaka nthawi ina ya ntchito yake, kusinthidwa mtundu wa chinthu, kukhala wapadera wa Mawu. Nzosadabwitsa Cezanne otchedwa wotsogolera wa Cubism.

patsogolo Cacikulu

Mkota luso inkayenda zoposa limodzi mu patsogolo ambiri a chitukuko. Mwa luntha poona ndi ziphunzitso zatsopano nzeru za anthu ndi kuwerenga maganizo, aluso anafuna kugwirizana dziko lauzimu ndi zinthu, munthu aliyense payekha ndi chilengedwe. Choncho, Kandinsky mu justifications awo chiphunzitso abstraction chimayendera maganizo zomwe zili m'mabuku theosophical Eleny Blavatskoy (1831-1891).

atulukira ofunika sayansi, umagwirira, zamoyo zikusintha dziko, mphamvu ya zimakhudza anthu pa chikhalidwe. patsogolo luso kuchepetsa dziko lonse, lonse wa chilengedwe chonse.

Ndi kukula mofulumira kujambula, aluso ambiri anaganiza kumupatsa Kulemba ntchito. Iwo ankanena: izo penti buku, ndi kulenga zenizeni latsopano.

Mkota luso - ndi kusintha. Ndipo anthu aluso ndi zoikamo tcheru maganizo ankaona: apo pakubwera nthawi ya zisinthe. Iwo sanalakwitse. The mzaka zana makumi awiri anayamba ndi anapitiriza pa mavuto kuposa moyo wa chitukuko lonse.

Fathers - oyambitsa

Pamodzi ndi Kandinsky, pa chiyambi cha zimene zikuchitika latsopano anaima Kazimir Malevich (1879-1935) ndi wa ku Netherlands Piet Mondrian (1872-1944).

Amene sadziwa "Black Square" ndi Malevich? Popeza chikuoneka mu 1915, Amasonkhezera ndi akatswiri, ndi anthu wamba. Ena ngati akufa mapeto, winayo - losavuta ozunguza. Koma ntchito zonse za mbuye akuti kutsegula M'maso watsopano pa luso kupitabe patsogolo.

Chiphunzitso cha Suprematism (Latin supremus -. Wapamwamba kwambiri), mwakuchita Malevich, Zakuti ulamuliro wa mtundu mwa njira ina kupenta, ndondomeko kupenta akuyerekezeredwa kuchita Creation, "oyera luso 'm'lingaliro apamwamba. Zozama ndi kunja zizindikiro Suprematism angapezeke mu ntchito, ndi amisiri yofanana ndi mapulani ndi okonza.

Zotsatira yemweyo amene anali pa m'badwo wotsatira wa kulenga Mondrian. Neoplastitsizm akuchokera pa kaphatikizidwe wa mawonekedwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino lotseguka, si olakwika mtundu. Direct Black horizontally ndi vertically pa maziko woyera kupanga gululi ndi maselo a kukula osiyana, maselo ndizodzazidwa ndi mtundu m'deralo. Expressiveness nsalu zokha ayi analimbikitsa aluso maganizo awo kulenga, ndi mwakhungu kukopera. Mkota ojambula zithunzi ndi okonza ntchito pamene kupanga zinthu kwathunthu kwenikweni. Nthawi zambiri amajambulapo maluwa okongola mondrianovskie zimapezeka ntchito mapulani.

Russian avant-garde - mawu ndakatulo

ojambula zithunzi Russian anali makamaka womvera maganizo a m'dziko lake - Kandinsky ndi Malevich. Makamaka organically maganizo oyenera nyengo mafunde za kubadwa ndi mapangidwe dongosolo latsopano chikhalidwe. Chiphunzitso cha Suprematism anali kusandulika Liubov Popova (1889-1924) ndi Alexander Rodchenko (1891-1956) mu mchitidwe constructivism, omwe anali kuchita makamaka pa Nyumba yatsopano. Facilities anamanga m'nyengo kuti adakali akuphunziridwa ndi mapulani padziko lonse.

Michael Larionov (1881-1964) ndi Natalia Goncharova (1881-1962) anakhala oyambitsa Rayonism kapena rayonizma. Iwo anayesera kusonyeza chodabwitsa intertwining cheza ndi ndege kuwala panamveka ndi zonse zimene zili dziko.

Mu kusuntha cubofuturists chinkhoswe ndi ndakatulo nawo Aleksandra Ester (1882-1949) panthawi zosiyanasiyana, David Burliuk (1882-1967), Olga Rozanova (1886-1918), Nadezhda Udaltsova (1886-1961).

Mkota kupenta anali nthawi zonse mawu kwambiri maganizo. malingaliro awa kukwiya akuluakulu a boma lopondereza. Mu USSR, ndipo kenako mu Nazi Germany ideologues msanga anatsimikiza wotani luso zidzakhala bwino ndipo muyenera anthu, ndi 40s oyambirira a mzaka zana makumi awiri umboni luso pakati chitukuko anasamukira ku America.

Njira ya otaya ndi

Mkota - tanthauzo m'malo yosokoneza. Kulikonse luso chinthu alibe koyenera konkire mu dziko, kulankhula za abstraction. Ndakatulo, nyimbo, kuvina, zomangamanga. Wosiyanasiyana zithunzi zaluso ndi mitundu ya kukuchititsa zimenezi makamaka osiyanasiyana.

Mukhoza kusankha mitundu zotsatirazi luso umboni mu pachithunzipa:

- Mtundu zikuchokera: mu malo a mtundu tsamba - chinthu chachikulu, ndi chinthu uli kusungunuka mu masewera utoto (Kandinsky, Frank Kupka (1881-1957), orfist Rober Delone (1885-1941), Mark Rothko (1903-1970), Barnett Newman (1905- 1970)).

- zojambula abstraction - wanzeru koposa, mawunikidwe mawonekedwe avant-garde kupenta. Iwo akana liniya akuti ndi nkhambakamwa za kuya, posankha ubale wa akalumikidzidwa geometrical (Malevich, Mondrian, elementarist Theo galimoto Doesburg (1883-1931), Josef Albers (1888-1976), wotsatira uthenga ulalikidwa luso Victor Vazareli (1906-1997)).

- limaonetseratu abstraction - ndikofunikira ndondomeko kupenta, nthawi zina ntchito njira, monga Mwachitsanzo, tashists (kuchokera tache wa - banga) (Dzhekson Pollok (1912-1956), tashists Zhorzh Mato (1921-2012), Willem de A Kooning (1904-1997), Robert Motherwell (1912-1956)).

- Minimalism - kubwerera ku chiyambi cha luso avant-garde. Images kwathunthu wopanda limasonyeza kunja ndi mayanjano (Frank Stella (g.r.1936), Shon Skalli (g.r.1945), Ellsworth Kelly (g.r.1923)).

Mkota - kutali kale?

Ndiye kodi umboni luso tsopano? Tsopano mukhoza kuwerenga Intaneti kupenta umboni - chinthu chakale. Russian avant-garde, wakuda lalikulu - amene akumufuna? Tsopano liwiro ndipo nthawi zambiri zoona.

Information: Munthu zojambula mtengo kwambiri mu 2006, anagulitsidwa kuposa $ 140 miliyoni .. Njirayi imatchedwa «№5.1948», wolemba - Dzhekson Pollok, anthu momveka chabe.