Monetary botolo la China: siliva kuti "mabulosi" banknotes

Kum'mawa ndi chigawo chapakati ku Asia ndi mayiko ambiri amene akhoza kudzitama za mbiri yake yaitali. dziko china China. Pa dera la lamakono ndi kunyumba kwa anthu oposa biliyoni. Dziko kwambiri ambiri mu dziko ndipo ali mmodzi wa mbiri yaitali linakhalapo. Pa ndime ndi zaka zikwizikwi kukhala mwayekha nyumba citukuko yaitali ndipo anapambana ndalama botolo la China.

Liang, iambic ndi candareen

Mu boma wakale wofunika kwambiri siliva. Mpaka cha m'ma makumi awiri pa dera la lamakono wa zitsulo kosamugonjera mitundu. M'malo mwake, ntchito ndalama yaing'ono bullion anali wamba tsiku ndi tsiku. Iwo anali nalo dzina lawo - liang. Ngakhale tapamwamba deta ndi dziko ndalama botolo la China. Mmodzi Liang kulemedwa pang'ono magilamu 31. Silver bullion akhoza umasinthanitsidwa ndalama za mkuwa. Iwo anali apakati dzenje penipeni. Mu umodzi Liang anapereka m'ma 1200 ndalama.

Komiti ya pafupifupi latsopano mfumu Chinese m'pamene oyamba a latsopano ndi ufumu wa dongosolo la ndalama. Choncho, pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mafumu Qing, wina liang anapereka khumi Mao. Anthu Zikatero, akhoza umasinthanitsidwa 100 candareen. Komabe, deta mayunitsi ndalama China anali wamng'ono. Masiku amenewo mu dera la zinthu zakuthambo Ufumu (dzina lachiwiri la dziko) candareen amene akanakhoza "kuswa" 10.

Ancient dongosolo ndalama ku China amapereka kukhalapo ndi lalikulu kuposa liang, njira ya malipiro. Iwo opondapo siliva bullion, omwe ndi ofanana ndi dzina la mawu zolembalemba - pentameter. Aliyense nugget ndalama kulemedwa za 1.5 makilogalamu, amene misa pafupifupi wofanana 50 lyanam.

"Apainiya" kupanga banknotes

Mbiri sekondale Inde anthu ambiri kudziwa kuti zinthu zakuthambo Ufumu - malo silika ndi tiyi. Komabe, anthu ambiri kudziwa kuti dziko lino ndi malo oyamba pepala ndalama anaonekera mu dziko. Izi wagawo ndalama za China anayamba ntchito mu 2 m'ma BC. e. Kungotchula chochitika ichi, zikalata yatsikira kwa ife kuchokera nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mfumu Wu Ti. Malinga ndi mipukutu mbiri, pepala zolemba zinali za zikopa analandira wa deerskin. Patapita nthawi, Ufumu Middle analenga mbuye pepala kupanga luso kuchokera ku makungwa a mabulosi (mabulosi). Izi amatilola wosalira ndondomeko kupanga pepala ndalama.

Mawu oyamba a ndalama pepala

A chofunika zikamera wa pepala njira malipiro ndi otsika kugula mphamvu ya ndalama mkuwa, zomwe pa nthawiyo zinapangidwa lachifumu timbewu. Komanso, zitsulo kruglyashi ndi bowo lalikulu anali ndi kulemera kwakukulu. Ndi m'njira inayake anakhudzidwa chilakolako boma kusintha ndalama kwambiri pa nkhani ya mbandakucha.

Pofuna kunyamula nawo pogwiritsa angapo a zinthu ndalama mkuwa, anthu anayamba kulephera zitsulo amalonda kruglyashi. Anthu pobwezera anapereka malisiti, ndiwo njira ya malipiro. Komabe, kumayambiriro 11 m'ma AD. e. Boma linaletsa amalonda kuchita zinthu zoterozo. Kuti atsogolere ubale msika ndi wotuluka pakati pa anthu, Mapu anayamba kutulutsa malisiti. Paper banknotes anali m'malo zonse za ndalama mkuwa. Aliyense wa tapeza anali opindulitsa mtengo wake.

Modern dongosolo malipiro

Mu 1835, dziko anayamba kutulutsa ndalama zatsopano. Mu China, dzina la "atsopano" wagawo wakewu "renminbi". Kumasulira mau awa unpronounceable amatanthauza "kobiri za anthu". M'dziko dzina la gulu latsopano kudziwika monga renminbi lapansi. Komabe, dziko malamulo wachifundo ndalama anayamba ndi posachedwapa - mu 40s mochedwa zana la 20. Mpaka dongosolo mfundo malipiro China wakhala mavuto ambiri ndi zaluso.

Mpaka m'ma 20, dziko linali akufalitsa muyezo siliva. Anthu akumidzi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito akale ndalama Chinese, amene ankatchedwa namwino (caches). Monga, dongosolo logwirizana la malipiro ndi kuthetsa panalibe mu dziko mpaka 1949. Mu manja a anthu pa nthawi yomweyo angakhale lyany Chinese ndi US madola, Hong Kong banknotes ndi ndalama mkuwa.

A njira imodzi malipiro

Mu 1948, boma unachoka ntchito siliva ndi golide m'gulu ndalama dongosolo lawo kuwombola muyezo. Zinali ndiye kuti limodzi national njira malipiro anamuzindikira monga n'chokwana lapansi.

Pa nthawi, funso mmene ndalama amatchedwa China, inu mosavuta kuyankha - n'chokwana. Komabe, kupatula izi zikutanthauza ndalama za National Bank komanso akumasula Jiao ndi candareen (fen). The ufulu makope angapezeke 22 ngongole. Jiao ndi fyni panamveka zipembedzo wa 1, 2 ndi mayunitsi 5. Chipembedzo yemweyo ali n'chokwana. Komanso, banknotes ndi chikalata pa 10, 50 ndi 100 "RMB".