Moscow, owonetsera zakale-Manor: kufotokoza, chithunzi

maganizo okayikira anakumana ndi wina, pamene izo zifika ku dela la mzinda. Manors, minda yokongola ndi malo ...

Kenako mu mbiri Russian

Pa dzanja limodzi - izi ndi malo, mwatcheru kwambiri chokhudzana ndi mbiri ndi moyo luso lenileni Russian moyo ndi miyambo, ndi wina - boma la malo ambiri losaiwalika n'chochititsa mantha ndi chisoni.
Russian mbiri ndi moyo Russian - zosiyana, ambiri, ndi osiyana, koma nthawi zina kotero intricately kotheratu kuti palibe chimodzi sizitheka bwino ena, ndipo, kotero, kuti muyankhe funso ili: kodi kwenikweni, ndi, anthu Russian?

Hearths ndi kusunga chikhalidwe Russian mu dela la mzinda

Manor - malo anapita iliyonse chachiwiri. Mayina a zigawo zina wakunja kwatawuni ndi manors atamva kugulu: Abramtsevo, Arkhangelskoye, Marfino, chimauma ndi ena. Izi ndi zoona, chifukwa mu zaka 17-19. wolemekezeka malo anali ngati chodabwitsa chikhalidwe-mbiri, pamodzi ndi m'matauni ndi m'mizinda, mchitidwe umenewu, m'midzi, midzi, aang'ono ndi mipingo.
Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amati ndi zaka za m'ma 19. mu Russia, panali 50 100 zikwi. manors ndi anthu wotchuka. Mwachibadwa, ntchito ya zachuma, luso kulenga moyo ndi Manor pafupi Moscow zinali kugwirizana kwambiri.
Ndipo chifukwa cha chuma pafupi Moscow ku likulu anali pafupi, ndiye, ndithudi, bwino Russian olemba, olemba ndakatulo, amisiri, analemba anasolola kudzoza, ntchito ndi kupeza zosangalatsa m'madera kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe.
Ndipo mwina palibe Russian ngati mlengi ndi woganiza 18-19 CC., Ndi tsoka la moyo n'cholinga zogwirizana ndi chuma Russian dziko.
Ndipo miyambo ngati luso Russian, monga Nyumba okongoletsedwa, malo munda chikhalidwe ndi zomangamanga, malo kapangidwe mizu yake kubwerera ku dela la mzinda, chuma ndi chikhalidwe cha omwe iwo amapezeka.
Onetsetsani kuti mukumbuke kuti miyambo ya Russian alendo makalasi Russian zakudya nyama, kusonkhanitsa mabuku kawirikawiri ndi kusonkhanitsa zosemasema anali kugwirizana ndi olemekezeka tidakocheza ndi chikhalidwe ogula.

Ife tikuyamba kukonzekera

Mkati m'dera 100 kilometre kwa mphete angalandire 200 zigawo ndi zinyumba. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 20. mu Moscow panali pafupifupi 1,000 a iwo wawo losaiwalika ndi lotereli, koma nthawi wotere kuti ulendo malo osangalatsa muyenera osachepera pang'ono okonzeka.
Pankhani phunziro tinganene kuti ngati mukufuna kukaona mzinda wokongola kwambiri la chuma cha phindu muyenera M'sitolo pa zina zambiri:

• za malo, mtunda ndi njira (okwerera sitima, sitima, basi, galimoto);
• za mbali ( "chikhalidwe") malo: State Museum-Reserve, nyumba zakale, departmental danga, dongosolo losavuta, zokhudzana ndi mbiri, mabuku, kupenta, zomangamanga;
• ngati malo amagwirizana ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho owonetsera zakale Zingakhale zabwino kudziwa za mitengo tikiti ntchito maola ndi malo zosangalatsa chakudya. Pangakhale options pamene zakale, pafupi Moscow wotchuka a palibe dipatimenti wina ndi pakhomo ndi zovuta, koma, monga iwo amati apaulendo mwaphamphu, nthawi zonse "kuli dzenje mpanda kumbuyo" ndikupita komweko kumene mulimonse momwe inu mungathere;
• mphamvu malumikizanidwe chilengedwe ndi zolinga zake: tchuthi ku malo okongola, zolembalemba, mbiri yakale, mapulani ndi luso zidindo, etc.

Izi "cholinga" pofuna kuteteza nthawi ndi kupeza wosangalala kwambiri kucheza malo osangalatsa.

zinthu zakale

Imodzi mwa miyambo apamwamba a mtundu Russian kuchokera nthawi ya Petro anali chopereka cha zigawo ndi midzi mokhulupirika. Kuti ndi kukhala zigawo zambiri chabwino mabusa Mwachitsanzo, Manor Glinka, chopatsika mwa Peter ndime, monga mudzi pafupi Moscow, mnzake Yakobo Bruce, asilikali States, wasayansi ndi nthumwi. Atapuma, Bruce ntchito kukonzanso, umboni ndi ngakhale udachita mbiri kuti "mage ndi warlock."
History of malo Glinka a - ndi chitsanzo cha mbiri ya nthawi ya Peter, Russian asilikali sayansi, makhalidwe a anthu Russian 17-18 zaka.
Ngati inu basi kutchula odziwika kanjedza mbiri ndi wokwatibwa ndi iwo mu mzinda wa munda, mndandanda ndi chidwi:

• Serednikovo - patrimony Stolypin. Ingokumbukirani Petr Arkadevich Stolypin, ndi Russian wokonzanso m'zaka za m'ma 20. Kale Serednikovo anali nawo ali ana ndakatulo M. Yu. Lermontova. Kenako pano pakhala Chaliapin ndi Rachmaninoff. Today Serednikovo - kwambiri "cinematic" malo pafupi Moscow, ndi kinogorodom chidwi, kuphatikizapo England zokongola 18.

• Kukambirana - kupereka ngakhale zakuya madzi mu nkhaniyo. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale wotchedwa Kukambirana malo wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy hema wake, kupita kunkhondo ndi Mamai (Kulikovo munda);
• Gorky (Lenin) - lero kowonera zakale kugwirizana ndi moyo wa Lenin. "Yosangalatsa" m'nyumbayi anasonyeza ndi galimoto "Rolls-Royce" imene ikuchitika Vladimira Ilicha. Koma powumbidwa, kutchula koyamba za Manor ndi kunayamba m'ma 16., Ndipo Interiors nyumba anasunga kwa zaka 18-19.

N'zoona kuti amatchula onse mbiri owonetsera zakale-malo mu Moscow ndi dera Moscow palibe njira, koma inu nthawi zonse kupeza. Ndipo chochititsa chidwi, nkhani zambiri kwambiri intersects ndi zochitika zolembalemba ndi luso.

malo zopeka

Large Vyazomy zinapatsidwa Peter Ι Prince Golitsyn "chipulumutso cha mfumu wamng'ono pa musketeers chipolowe." Komanso, ndi umakhudza moyo Borisa Godunova, Paulo m, Kutuzov, Napoleon, Bagration, Tolstoy.
Koma ambiri Chofunika - Vyazomy ali kunyumba kwa Pushkin ndakatulo: kuno anakhala ubwana wake, pamene iye kucheza ndi kukongola kwa kumidzi Russian, anamva wowerengeka songs, kuphunzira moyo ndi miyambo ya anthu otchuka Russian ndi osawuka Russian.
Apa tinabadwa woyamba zolengedwa ndakatulo ya Pushkin, ndipo apa iye anali mu nthawi zovuta za moyo wake. Kukhala malo awa ndi nthano: Golitsyn yachifumu am'deralo timawutcha "Nyumba ya Mfumukazi Spades," ndipo mukhoza kuphunzira chinachake za tsogolo la Mfumukazi Galitzine, fano osiyanitsidwa wa wotchuka wakale pamodzi ndi chinsinsi cha makadi atatu.
Ndi N'zosadabwitsa Big Vyazomy - Pushkin Museum-Reserve, kuno ku September kwa April ndi madzulo ndi zoimbaimba nyimbo. Monga malo Pushkin pafupi Vyazomami m'pofunika kutchula Zakharov.
Pa malo ena mabuku ndi ndakatulo:

• Muranovo - lililonse "wolemekezeka chisa" limene tili nalo lingaliro mabuku ndi mafilimu za m'ma 19 Russian. The interweaving lobadwa ndi tsogolo la maina ambiri otchuka zolembalemba: Engelhardt, Baratynsky, Putyata, Gogol, Aksakov, Tiutchev. Koma tsoka naye, kuti anali Muranovo banja Archive wolemba ndakatulo Fodora Tyutcheva, ndipo kotero kudzakhala Museum dzina lake;
• Melikhovo - zolembalemba Chikumbutso Museum A. P. Chehova. Owonetsera zakale ali oposa 20 zikwi zithunzi za ojambula zithunzi, kuphatikizapo Levitan, Polenov, AP Seregina -. Axamwali a wolemba.
• Znamenskoye Gubaylovo - anapereka woyamba Russian mfumu (pambuyo Great distemper) Mihailom Romanovym boyar Volyns'ke (makolo angakuthandizeni Dmitriya Donskogo) pa 16. Kenako, m'zaka za m'ma 18., The malo m'manja mwa mkulu-Crimea Dolgoruky. Mu zaka za m'ma 20. munda wakhala "zolembalemba chisa" Russian Symbolist ndakatulo. Mitengo paki akale kumbukirani Bryusov, K. Balmont ndi A. White;
• Peredelkino - akuyeneradi mawu osiyana. Ichi ndi "tawuni wolemba", kugwirizana ndi mayina a zofunika olemba ambiri Soviet ndi Russian ndi ndakatulo. Today mu Peredelkino ndi nyumba Museum Chukovsky, Boris Pasternak, Okudzhava, owonetsera zakale-zomera Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Near mudzi ndi mpingo Mpulumutsi Chiwalitsiro ndi Mkulu wa Mabishopu pawiri - nyumba yogonamo za kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia Kirill.

Za zomangamanga Russian

Zomangamanga ali ndi malo kwambiri mu Russian zomangamanga mpingo. Sinditi kwambiri mu dera lino, ndi Dziwani kuti mmene Russian mpingo akadali kuzindikira ku mawonekedwe a m'tchalitchi, "hipped" (mnogopridelnosti) malo.
Ndipo kuyambira m'mapaki mmene ndi anthu wotchuka Moscow 17-19 zaka. kwenikweni zikuphatikizapo mpingo, n'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuona ndi kuunikira momwe mipingo zinamangidwa. Inde, malamulo ndi "Russian khalidwe" kukhalabe kalembedwe. Koma yofanana kwambiri chidwi:

• mu Dubrovitsy, inu mukhoza kuwona kwambiri "Baroque" (kuchokera Baroque) tchalitchi pafupi Moscow. Kalembedwe yomweyo inamangidwa ndi nyumba yachifumu, koma patapita anali ankamangidwanso mu mzimu wa classicism;

• Bykov - pomanga 2-storey mpingo m'zaka 18. Anakapezeka wotchuka Russian wamanga Vasily Bazhenov ndi ophunzira ake. Kalembedwe womwewo wa zomangamanga Masonic ndipo anamanga Manor yachifumu. Payokha anamanga belu nsanja (Taman wamanga) ndi ukonde njira paki amatunga ndi kulenga ambiri maganizo losaiwalika, makamaka nthawi yotentha-yophukira;
• Bratsevo - zazikulu mu mzinda, komwe kuli paki English. Mukhoza kuyamba kukaona Moscow nyumba: ndi Manor wotchuka Stroganov Palace, Mpingo wa Kupemphera, onani nyumba 2 ndi 5 mlatho Manor farmstead kugwira kukongola ndi mzimu zigawo ndi wakunja kwatawuni ndi anthu wotchuka. Ndiyeno kudzakhala kosavuta kupita kuyenda m'dera Moscow.

Zothandizira mipingo yawo ndi Russian ojambula zithunzi

Zothandizira mipingo yawo (zothandizira mipingo yawo ya Science ndi Art) anabadwira ku Russia m'nthawi ya 18. n'kukafika heyday cha m'ma 19. Dziko minda ndi nyumba za mafumu a mzinda anasonkhana zosonkhanitsira chidwi cha Russian ndi Western luso European, mabuku osowa.
Choncho, malo ambiri ndi nyumba za mafumu a m'dera Moscow amadziwika eni, ogula, monga nthawizonse, mbiri palibe lomveka, ndipo pali mphambano ambiri.
Mu Abramtsevo anasunga chimodzi-storey Manor nyumba za m'ma 18., Amene ali chitsanzo cha Russian zomangamanga matabwa. Mwini Abramtsevo anali wolemba Aksakov ( "ulusi wofiira Flower"), zomwe anachezeredwa ndi anzake - Gogol, Turgenev, Tyutchev.

Pamene mu theka 2 zaka za m'ma 19. mwini chuma anali industrialist ndi wofuna kuthandiza S. Morozov, zikukangalika ntchito amisiri M. Vrubel, V. Vasnetsov, Polenov, Repin, Serov. Izo zinali apa anabadwa "Abramtsevo bwalo" - ndi luso-kulenga Union, Cholinga chitukuko cha Russian luso dziko.
Pambuyo ulimi wa 1917, mwambo Anapitiriza ndi I. Grabar, Konchalovsky, V. Mukhina. Today Abramtsevo owonetsera zakale chionetsero tichipeza oposa 25 zikwi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho :. Painting, kujambula, zosemasema, ntchito za kukongoletsa ndi wowerengeka luso.

Ena, mwina ambiri, ambiri ...

Zoyenera akutchula ndi chuma pafupi Moscow, lotseguka kwa anthu:

1. Arkhangelsk - mmodzi wa zigawo zingapo anasunga ku mapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18, kuphatikizapo mapulani ndi paki gulu loyimba kalembedwe chakale .. Ndipo luso zopereka za eni kale Odoevskogo Golitsyn, Yusupov chinadzakhala maziko a chionetsero wolemera Museum;
2. Kuskovo - Manor Sheremetev Basi. Anasunga Palace, Chitaliyana nyumba, Dutch nyumba, Grotto. Pa malo ili la State Museum wa ziwiya zadothi;

3. Mphero - malo kugwirizana ndi zaka zomalizira za moyo wa Wolemba Tchaikovsky. Masiku ano, nyumba owonetsera zakale pano, amene recreates zinkakhalira zilandiridwenso, moyo ndi moyo wa woimba kwambiri.

Za chisoni ... (koma osati)

wotchuka ambiri ndi anthu wotchuka amakhalira ndi chiwonongeko. zifukwa zimene Moscow anasiya minda ndi malo awoawo - kusapezeka kwa eni, eni kupanda chidwi, ntchito nyumbazi pa zolinga zina.
malingaliro wofatsa ndi mbiri pa nkhani akuti:

1. Moyo ndi kuyanga minda ndi nyumba apita, pamodzi ndi atumwi 19.
2. zochitika kwambiri zosokoneza zinachitika pa moyo wa Russia m'nthawi ya 20., Kuti kuno kotero kuyamba mwamsanga kumanganso chilichonse chokhudzana ndi kale mbiri yakale.
3. Koma pali chidziwitso kuti izi ndi kale, limene tiyenera kudziwa ndi zimene ziyenera apulumuka, kutanthauza kuti pakapita nthawi iyankha ndi konzanso ndi kubwezeretsa, ndipo anasiya mabusa Manor adzasangalala ife ndi kukongola kwake.

Ndiyeno:

• Dugino - malo kugwirizana ndi mapeto a ojambula zithunzi 19. . - m'ma 20, ndipo tsopano chabe adasonkhananso, akhoza kukhala ndi luso Museum;
• Marfino - achisangalalo kale nkhondo, ndi zambiri anasunga griffins sculpted, dziwe ndi paki isanduke malo okongola;
• Komabe, Bykov - adzaleka kuipa pang'onopang'ono.

Information m'dera mu dela la mzinda

Information za chuma pafupi Moscow, lotseguka kwa anthu, kwambiri. Lilipo poyera, ndipo mungapeze mfundo za chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi zigawo, nyumba, matchalitchi, malo okongola, motero kupeza malo panokha kugwirizana ndi zochitika iliyonse m'mbiri komanso kalembedwe ndi luso. Pa nkhani imeneyi, maphunziro kungoti wapatali wamanga Natalia Bondareva. ntchito zake angapezeke kufotokoza pafupifupi 300 minda, minda, mipingo ya Moscow, Moscow dera ndipo madera ozungulira.
Natalia Bondarev wakhala akuchita ntchito izi kuyambira 1996, ndipo, mosakayika, ndi woyenera mawu oyamika ndi kuyamikira zimene iye amachita kwa ana ndi chi m'tsogolo, polongosola Moscow wotchuka, amene amaika zithunzi mu ankalamulira. Aliyense akhoza kudziwa zambiri pa nkhani imeneyi.
Koma m'pofunika kuti anthu oterowo lero simuli nokha, choncho, mu njira zakale mu izo - si anatseka m'tsogolo.