"Mowers": mwachidule. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, nkhani "mowers"

1921. Paris. Emigration. Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma la 1917 linali nkhani mokakamiza. Ndi zifukwa zambiri. Nathawa zoopsa za Bolshevik ulamuliro, ndi njala ndi ozizira, ndi chisokonezeko cha nkhondo, nsabwe ndi matenda madzulo ndi usiku amasanthula kuwomberana ndi mfuti ... kuthamanga ndi Ivan Alekseevich Bunin. Zifukwa zofanana, koma panalinso kanthu kena, wamphamvu kwambiri komanso chozama - ndi tokha ukapolo. Iwo anakakamizika iye kuiwala zakale mosamala, ndiye anawonjezapo izo M'malo mwake, mitundu thickening ndi utoto kuti anakumana ankaoneka kwambiri colorless ndi wosasamala. Ndi ndipo padera mu moyo wake wa m'tsogolo ambiri aakulu. Zojambula Bunin "mowers" - wina umboni wosatsutsika izi.

takumbukira

Mu buku la, Ivana Bunina "The Life of Arseniev," pali wina chidwi chiganizo: "Sindidzaiwala - ndi chinthu loopsa yoopsa kuti pali pemphero la chipulumutso kwa iwo ...." Inde, kukumbukira ndi osiyana: wowala, ofunda, wowala monga dzuwa tsiku la m'chilimwe ... Ndipo pakhoza kukhala mdima, katundu monga otsika leaden kumwamba, kuopseza osati litulukira mvula ozizira, ndipo aphwanya moyo zonse. Otsiriza ndipo ali ndi chuma chapadera kutsata. Ngakhale ngati inu kuthawa Daleko patsogolo, izo atagonjetsedwa, anagwira ndipo analumala. Iwo anathamangitsa ndi Bunin.

lokhala wosasangalala osiyana

Wosatha kumwa mwauchidakwa, kunyoza Mulungu, nyanja magazi ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, adzawalanga chifukwa cha zochita zawo - zonsezi anam'soŵetsa: "Kodi odwala dziko zonyansa zao ndi ndifotokoze mavuto, ichi zoipa, adyera mopusa wapathengo Russia!" Mu ntchito yake "Wotembereredwa Masiku" (1918 -1920) utoto zinakuchitikirani kwawo mu mtundu wamphamvu mdima. Zinaoneka kuti tizingwe polumikiza n'kuzulidwamo, monga masamba a mabuku akale, ndipo palibe angathe kukakamiza kumuonetsera chimodzi yowala malo. Koma zikuoneka, pemphero anawerenga, ndi Ivan anakana "utolankhani" osagwirizana October, napeza mphamvu kuti abwerere kwa mtima wake, kuti ntchito wolemba ndi kukonda dziko. Lazaro mkati anapambana. Bunin nkhani ya "mowers", wolembedwa mu Paris mu 1921, ndi umboni wa zimenezi. Ndi motsimikizika akadali kumva kuwawa ndi ululu wa otaika, koma izi monga maziko, mochenjera kutetezedwa mitundu zikuluzikulu - ndi chapamwamba unyamata kungotengeka maganizo mu Russia, limodzi ndi mtima wonse wa munthu amazindikira ndi okhwima. Ndipo tsopano more ...

nkhani

Ndale za nkhaniyo (Bunin, "mowers") Ndi yosavuta. Zinthu zakale, za tsiku - madzulo a tsiku la June, pamene wolemba, ndiye - ndi owerenga ndi protagonist, anakumana mu munda birch ndi mowers wa - losavuta Russian wamba. Iwo anadza m'modzi mwa kutali, makamaka Ryazan, pa ndalama. Chokumbukira anthu kuwala, airy, amatikumbutsa Chifunga oyambirira chilimwe m'mawa mu nkhalango. Tsopano ndiyeno mawu mawunikidwe la wolemba pa ukulu chotaika cha Russia, pa mowers wa anthu Russian, za Asilavo moyo, momwe kuyimba, zikhoza - ndipo sangathe aiwala, ndipo palibe kuyerekeza ...

"Mowers", Bunin: mankhwala kusanthula

Nkhani limayamba ndi mawu akuti: "Tinali akuyenda mumsewu waukulu, ndipo iwo Ndimatchetcha pansi mnyamata birch nkhalango pafupi ndi izo - ndi kuyimba." Ndipo kumbuyo iye ndime latsopano: "Papita nthawi yaitali, zinali nthawi wamphamvu yaitali, chifukwa moyo umene tinkakhala pa nthawi, sanabwerere kale mpaka muyaya ..." chiyembekezo wozingwa ndi chisoni amamva mawu, mu mpweya, ndi koma uliwonse phokoso. "Izo zakhala nthawi yaitali" - anati wolemba (Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, "mowers"), ndipo apa kumalimbitsa, wavala kuipitsa mbiri wina wa imvi utoto - "nthawi wamphamvu yaitali," ndipo wina kumapeto - "sindibwereranso nthawi" kwa wowerenga ine osati kumvetsa, koma mbisoweka pamodzi ndi mbali yaikulu mu Maulendo ake, ndipo zinapangitsa iwo wosatha mavuto.

ndi ndani "ife"?

Kupitiriza mutu wa nkhani yakuti "mowers" (Bunin) kusanthula mankhwala. " Nkhani nkhaniyo ikuchitika munthu woyamba, koma nthawi akuti "Ine" amaona yekha mochulukitsa nkhope: "tinapita ..." "tinkakhala pa nthawi ..." "Ife owazungulira m'munda ...". Ndi chiyani icho? Amene Ivan Bunin ( "mowers") akutanthauzanji mawu akuti "ife" pa? - Tili wolemba yekha ndi banja lake ndi anzake, ndipo onse amene anavutika momvetsa chisoni kunja, amene anakakamizika kusiya dziko, kuthawa ndi katundu chimodzi chokha kumbuyo - Sindidzaiwala ndi kusungulumwa, chifukwa ali "konse kuiwala kuti maola mochedwa masana, "awa udzu zobiriwira ndi maluwa, munda wa mpweya, ndi" kumvetsa konse, osati kwenikweni kufotokoza zofunika kwambiri, zomwe ndi kukongola modabwitsa. " Ndi zambiri minda izi wosatha, ichi "chipululu pakati mbadwa Russia" pa nthawi ndi malo, mphamvu, mozama ndipo chete chikondi pa iye. "Inu Pepani, tiwonana, wokondedwa bwenzi! Ndipo, wokondedwa, o tiwonana, storonushka! Kukhululuka tsalani bwino, wokondedwa, cholakwika anga, monga inu ngati mtima linada bii matope "- mawu yobwerera mowers nyimbo kuwomba tsopano monga ulosi.

ndi ndani "iwo"?

Kodi "iwo" pa mankhwala (IA Bunin, "mowers")? Chidule cha nkhani atha kufotokozera funsoli. Choncho, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, owerenga amatsegula chithunzi akale: tsogolo kwabasi backwoods chapakati Russia. Chirichonse ndi chidwi mu izo. Ndi kusiya njira kuti m'chizimezime, ndi "maluwa osawerengeka zakutchire ndi zipatso," ndi munda hleborobnye ... Time ankaoneka kuima. Mwadzidzidzi, pakati paradaiso, balamanthu, pali "iwo" - mowers, akuluakulu, monga ngwazi epic, osasamala, wochezeka, "ankafunitsitsa ntchito." Kutchetcha ndi kuimba. "Iwo" - kuti ndi Russia. Tiyeni wake mkati, "leggings", "bahilkah", "malaya", koma zaufulu ndi wokongola wapadera ake, ndi kanthu ofanana kukongola. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mawu akuti "mowers" ntchito kawiri kokha, ndipo "" - twente-faifi. Iwo akunena chinthu chimodzi chokha: kuti Russia, zomwe maloto Bunin, anataya - anathera kuti Mulungu awakhululukire.

nyimbo

A nyimbo za "iwo" - ndi moyo wa Russian, mwachindunji, kuwala kwambiri, atsopano, wamphamvu, wozindikira amene umbuli za maluso awo ndi chifukwa chake amphamvu, wamphamvu, ndipo nthawizina kufika. Iye sanali mawu mafoni, koma "akuusa akuluakulu wathanzi, achinyamata, mosangalatsa pachifuwa." "Iwo" kuimba "ife" Mverani, palimodzi ndi kukhala amodzi. Inde, pali ichi magazi tayi weniweni pakati pa "ife" ndi "iwo" mitambo, mpweya, munda, nkhalango ndi dalyu onse ...

Nkhani pa "IA Bunin, "mowers": mwachidule ntchito "sinafike kumapeto. Pamene ankaona kuti chiyembekezo nyimbo anaimba "iwo" ndi "chimwemwe sichithawika." Chifukwa chiyani? Inde, chifukwa n'zosatheka kukhulupirira chiyembekezo cha. Ndi zobwera ku chilengedwe cha munthu, onse amene ankakhala, amakhala akupitiriza anzathu. "Inu Pepani, tiwonana, wokondedwa storonushka!" - anayamba kuimba "iwo," "ife" anamvetsera, ndipo palibe aliyense amene sakhulupirira kuti palibe njira, palibe njira kwawo. Mkati aliyense ankadziwa titadziwa apamwamba, pozindikira kuti, kulikonse kumene anali, sitili kulekana lenileni kuchokera wopandamalire mbadwa Lazaro, timatha muwale dzuwa mbadwa mbadwa kuya buluu.

Sad "Ine"

Monga tanena nkhani makamaka amachitika munthu woyamba, koma komanso kuchuluka, ndipo kawiri kokha ndinamva yekhayekha "Ine". Koyamba wolemba kudutsa mowers, anaona chakudya zawo zing'onozing'ono, sakanakhoza kukana ndinakumana pafupi, ndipo analandira "anyamata wabwino", "ine ndinati, ndi mkate ndi mchere, moni ...". Poyankha, iwo anamupempha kuti tebulo zawo zing'onozing'ono. Koma kuyang'ana pafupi, iye anali mantha kupeza kuti osewera chitsulo "iwo" anakoka spoons Datura amanita bowa. Kodi chachilendo chakudya? Nzosadabwitsa Bunin m'gulu nkhani yake, nkhaniyi zimaonetsa wamba kuti alengeze. Iye ukuimira kwambiri. Russian mwambo wa alendo amafuna nthawi zonse kuvomereza pansi pa tebulo lina, kukana ndi sapewa, mwinamwake palibe kufanana, palibe mgwirizano. Iye anakana. Kotero, analibe unanimity kukhulupirika pakati pa ife "" - "iwo," zimene zambiri zinanenedwa ndi kudzakhala pamaso zitasintha. Mwina ndicho chifukwa izo zinachitika ...

Afika kumapeto ndi nkhani lotchedwa "IA Bunin, "mowers": mwachidule ntchito ". China chokhumudwitsa "Ine" phokoso kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi: "chimodzi, ndinena, izo zinali mu nyimbo iyi ..." Ndiyeno iye anafotokoza zonsezi pamwambapa ndi moyo. Inde, anthu oyambirira, kale wamphamvu kutali kale, osasinthika, ndipo anamva "iwo" ndi "ife" ndi ambiri sali wopandamalire chimwemwe. Koma nthano zinatha: samobranye apangidwe nsalu za patebulo, mapemphero ndi mfiti aiwala, ndipo anali kupita kuti achepetse chikhululukiro cha Mulungu ...

stylistics

Bunin nkhani "mowers" olembedwa prose wa rhythmic otchedwa chifukwa mawonekedwe a mankhwala - lyric monolog-kukumbukira. m'nyimbo zogwira nakweza chifukwa cha phokoso iambic, amene nawonso, alternates ndi mipata kumvera pa kulankhula. Mungoli wapeza mawu ake mu kubwerezabwereza mawu "iwo," "ife" ndi mawu akuti "wodekha". Last - kasanu ndi kamodzi ndime chitatu ndi chinayi. zodabwitsazi kumaonekanso anaphora, mwachitsanzo edinonachatiya pa chiyambi cha ziganizo zotsatirazi: "Kukongola kwa izo zinali mu mayankho ..."; .. "Kukongola chinali unwitting ..."; "Kukongola anali kuti tinali ..." ndi zina zotero. D. njira Izi zikutibweretsa pachimake mmene wolemba.

Pa mlingo lexical ndi anatinso ofanana matanthauzo contextual (nkhuni achinyamata ndi njira Russia ndi moyo), kutengera (Russia - kokha moyo wake akhoza kuimba), associative ofanana (Russia - chifuwa), olembedwa mofotokozera (onse Russian - "ana a kwawo" kaya ndi chikhalidwe)

Pano pali nkhani yonse, nkhani yonse (Bunin) "mowers". Chidule - ndizabwino, koma ndi bwino kutsegula malemba ndi amasirira syllable chodabwitsa Ivana Alekseevicha Bunina.